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Murbach hymns

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Murbach hymns
Murbacher Hymnen
First page of the hymnal (fol. 122v).
Compiled byMonastery workshop
LanguageLatin and Old High German
DateEarly 9th century
ProvenanceReichenau and Murbach Abbeys
SeriesGrouped with the Frankish hymnal
Manuscript(s)MS Junius 25 Bodleian Library
GenreHymnal
Length193 folia, 27 hymns
Sources
Beginning of hymn 22 (Aeterna christi munera), fol. 116r.

The Murbach hymns (German: Murbacher Hymnen, also Murbacher Hymnar "Murbach hymnal") are a collection of 27 early medieval Latin hymns with interlinear Old High German translation. The hymns are intended to be sung at certain times of the day in the course of the year, being introduced with the header Incipiunt hymni canendi per circulum anni.

Grouped with the Frankish Hymnal, an early medieval extension of the Ambrosian hymns of the Milanese Rite, the Murbach hymns are preserved in a single manuscript of the early 9th century, now part of the Junius collection in the Bodleian Library (MS Junius 25), originally kept at Murbach Abbey, Alsace.[1]

History

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Bodleian MS Junius 25 consists of 193 folia, containing the text of the hymns, among various Latin texts and Latin-German glosses, on foll. 122v–129, 116/117. It is the product of an Alamannic monastery workshop, most likely of the first quarter of the 9th century. The hymns were most likely written down in Reichenau, the interlinear version may have been written in Murbach Abbey, where the manuscript was kept until at least the 15th century (based a dated note made in the ms.).[2]

The manuscript was acquired by Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, who published glosses from the ms. in 1652. Later in the 17th century it was owned by Isaac Vossius. Franciscus Junius copied the text of the hymns from the ms. while it was in Vossius' possession. The ms. passed into possession of Junius at an unknown date, and was acquired as part of Junius' collection by the Bodleian Library after his death in 1677.

The text of the hymns was first printed by George Hickes in 1703, and by Rasmus Nyerup in 1787. The first philological edition of the text was published by Jacob Grimm in 1830, based on a copy of the text in Junius' hand. Eduard Sievers in 1874 published a new edition based on the original manuscript. Recent critical editions have been published by Simbolotti (2009) and Gerhards (2018).

The collection is classified as belonging to the "Frankish hymnal" by Helmut Gneuss (1968, 2000),[3] grouped with five other collections of the 8th to 9th century.[4] The Latin hymns are described as of Ambrosian or "pseudo-Ambrosian" type. The final hymn on fol. 117v is the Te Deum, the others appear to be original to the "Frankish Hymnal" tradition. Grimm's Latin text was reprinted by Migne (1845) in PL 17 in a collection of "hymns attributed to Saint Ambrose" (hymni S. Ambrosio attributi).[5]

Interlinear version

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Opinions on the status of the Old High German translation have varied: Thoma (1958) judged them as wholly dependent on the Latin text and not forming a coherent German text of its own. Sonderegger (1964) by contrast argued that the interlinear version in certain passages does represent a grammatical Old High German text with a poetic quality and "surprising eloquence" (mit erstaunlicher Sprachgewalt). Haubrich (1988) likewise admitted a "literary and poetic ambition" on the part of the author of the interlinear version.[6]

List of hymns

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Grimm (1830) counted 26 hymns, but Sievers (1874) identified the final verse of Grimm's hymn 25 as a separate hymn with a single verse, numbered 25a, for a total of 27 hymns. Hymns 1–21 are on foll. 122v–129v. The final six hymns, 22–26, are part of the preceding quaternum in the manuscript, on foll. 116r–117v, followed by nine pages (foll. 118r–122r) of Latin to Old High German glosses. In spite of being edited as forming the conclusion of the collection by their 19th-century editors, they were most likely written down slightly earlier than the 21 hymns that follow.[2] The incipit of the 27 hymns are as follows (Gerhards 2018:13):

Nr. fol. Incipit Incipit (OHG) Use OH NH Chevalier no.
22 116r Aeterna Christi munera Euuige [chris]tes lon Martyrs OH 44 NH 117 600
23 116r Tempus noctis surgentibus Cit thera naht erstantantem Nocturns OH 5 20328
24 116v Rex aeterna domine Cuning euuigo truhtin Nocturns OH 3 NH 31 17393
25 117r Aeterne rerum conditor Euuigo rachono felahanto Nocturns OH 2 NH 4 647
26 [25a] 117r Te decet laus Thir krisit lop Matins Sunday 20075
27 [26] 117v Te deum laudamus Thih cot [lobo]mes Vigils Sunday OH 6 20086
1 122v Mediae noctis tempore Mittera nahti zite Nocturns Sunday OH 1 11420
2 123r Deus qui celi lumen es Cot du der himiles leoht pist Matins Sunday OH 7 4491
3 123v Splendor paternae gloriae Schimo faterlicher tiurida Matins Monday OH 8 NH 15 19349
4 124r Aeterne lucis conditor Euuiges leohtes sceffento Matins Tuesday OH 9 626
5 124v Fulgentis auctor aetheris Scinantes ortfrumo himiles Matins Wednesday OH 10 6608
6 124v Deus aeterne luminis Cot euuiges leohtes Matins Thursday OH 11 4415
7 125r Christe caeli domine Crist hi[mi]les t[ruh]tin Matins Friday OH 12 2845
8 125v Diei luce reddita Tago leohte arkepanemu Matins Saturday OH 13 4586
9 126r Postmatutinis laudibus Aftermorganlichem lopum Prime during Lent OH 22 15175
10 126v Dei fide qua vivimus Kotes kalaubu dera lebemes Terce during Lent OH 36 NH 51 4323
11 126v Certum tenentes ordinem Kauuissa habente antreitida Terce OH 23 2272
12 127r Dicamus laudes domino Chuedem lop t[ruhti]ne Sext OH 24 4573
13 127r Perfectum trinum numerum Duruhnoht drisca ruaua None OH 25 NH 53 14836=14835
14 127r Deus qui claro lumine Kot der heitaremu leohte Vespers Sunday OH 28 4490
15 127v Deus qui certis legibus [Cot] der kauuissem euuom Vespers OH 27 4489
16 127v Christe qui lux es et dies Christ du der leoht pist inti take Compline OH 30 NH 12 2934
17 128r Meridiae orandum est Mittes takes za petonne ist Sext during Lent OH 37 NH 52 11506
18 128r Sic ter quaternis trahitur So driror feorim kazokan ist Vespers OH 38 NH 54 18913
19 128v Aurora lucis rutilat Tagarod leohtes lohazit Matins at Easter OH 41 NH 72 1644
20 129r Hic est dies verus dei Deser ist tak uuarer cotes Matins and Vespers at Easter OH 39 7793
21 129v Ad cenam agni providi Za nahtmuase lambes kauuare Vespers at Easter OH 40 NH 70 110

Hymns 2, 6–9, 11–12, 23 and 26 (single verse) are unique to the Frankish Hymnal tradition, hymns 10, 13–14, 17–19 and 21 are first recorded in the Frankish Hymnal and are received into the New Hymnal. Of the hymns adopted from the earlier Old Hymnal tradition, authorship of Ambrose is likely for hymn 25 (Aeterne rerum conditor), and thought uncertain but possible for hymns 3, 20 and 22.[7]

References

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  1. ^ MS. Junius 25, Summary Catalogue no.: 5137 (medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk); online facsimile: iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk.
  2. ^ a b Gerhards (20181, 27ff).
  3. ^ Helmut Gneuss, "Zur Geschichte des Hymnars", Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 35.2 (2000) 227–247 (p. 228).
  4. ^ Voetz (2013:277).
  5. ^ Patrologia Latina vol. 17 (1845), 1171ff. The Junius ms. is described col. 1164, abbreviated O. (for bibliotheca Oxoniensis).
  6. ^ Andreas Kraß, "Murbacher Hymnen" in: Joachim Heinzle, L. Peter Johnson (eds.), Wolfram-Studien XIV: Übersetzen in Mittelalter Cambridger Kolloquium 1994 (1996), 89–91.
  7. ^ Inge B. Milfull, The Hymns of the Anglo-Saxon Church: A Study and Edition of the 'Durham Hymnal' (1996), 473f.
  • Stefanie Gerhards, Die Murbacher Hymnen: Edition nach der Handschrift Junius 25, Bodleian Library, Oxford (2018).
  • Jacob Grimm, Ad auspicia professionis philosophiae ordinariae in academia Georgia Augusta rite capienda invitat (inest hymnorum veteris ecclesiae XXVI. interpretatio theotisca nunc primum edita), Göttingen (1830).
  • Eduard Sievers, Die Murbacher Hymnen: nach der Handschrift, Halle (1874).
  • Chiara Simbolotti, Gli 'Inni di Murbach'. Edizione critica, commento e glossario (Ms. Junius 25), Alessandria (2009).
  • Michael Stolz, "The Poetics of the Murbach Hymns", Oxford German Studies 46(2):200–205 (April 2017), doi:10.1080/00787191.2017.1325166.
  • Lothar Voetz, "Murbacher Hymnen (Interlinearversion)" in: R. Bergmann (ed.), Althochdeutsche und altsächsische Literatur (2013), 272–288.