National Democratic Front (Pakistan)
National Democratic Front | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | NDF |
| Leader | Nurul Amin |
| Founder | Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy |
| Founded | 4 October 1962 |
| Dissolved | June 1969 |
| Succeeded by | Pakistan Democratic Party |
| Ideology | Parliamentary democracy Progressivism Anti-Ayub Khan |
| Political position | Big tent |
National Democratic Front was a Pakistani coalition founded in 4 October 1962.[1] It was the first political alliance to oppose the military regime of Ayub Khan in Pakistan.[2]
History
[edit]In 8 June 1962, the second constitution of Pakistan was promulgated by president Ayub Khan. In 4 October 1962, politician Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy formed a political alliance with opposition leaders from several political parties of Pakistan named National Democratic Front. The front stated that their goal was to bring democracy in the country as the constitution neglected democratic values.[3] As of the Political Parties Act, politicians disqualified under Public Office Disqualification Order and Election Bodies Disqualification Order were barred from joining any political party. However, the act didn’t mention political alliance and disqualified politicians started to join National Democratic Front. Later the government had to clarify the term "political party" in the act.[4] But after the death of Suhrawardy in 5 December 1963, the alliance became inactive.[3] In 22 January 1964, National Awami Party, All-Pakistan Awami League and Council Muslim League reformed the political alliance.[5] However, the revival of political parties and differences among them was the reason of the alliance's failure. [2] In 1969, the alliance ceased to exist[3] and three major political group of the alliance, Nasrullah faction of All-Pakistan Awami League, Nizam-e-Islam Party and Justice Party merged with Pakistan Democratic Party.[2]
Notable members
[edit]- All-Pakistan Awami League
- Council Muslim League
- Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
- Krishak Sramik Party
- National Awami Party
- Nizam-e-Islam Party
Elections
[edit]Six members from the front won the general election.[6][7]
Pakistan National Assembly election
| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | Nurul Amin | 4% | 6 / 150
|
 6
|
3rd
|
Opposition |
East Pakistan Provincial Assembly election
| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | Nurul Amin | 6.45% | 10 / 155
|
10
|
5th
|
Opposition |
References
[edit]- ^ S Aminul Islam (2012). "Political Party". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 12 March 2025.
- ^ a b c Hussain, Akhtar (2020). "Historical Account of the National Democratic Front (1962) in the Framework of Structural Functionalism". Asian Journal of International Peace & Security. 4 (1). FAIRLIPS: 309–315.
- ^ a b c Khan, Iltaf; Safina; Quresh, Attia (2022). "The Politics of Alliances During Ayub's Era of Controlled Democracy (1958-1969)". Global Social Sciences Review. VII (II). Humanity Publications: 247–248. doi:10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).25. ISSN 2616-793X.
- ^ Mamun, Muntassir; Rahman, Md. Mahbubar (2015) [2013]. "ভাষা আন্দোলন ও বাঙালির আত্মপরিচয় প্রতিষ্ঠা". স্বাধীন বাংলাদেশের অভ্যুদয়ের ইতিহাস (in Bengali). Subarna. p. 99. ISBN 9789849069447.
- ^ "3 Opposition Parties Form National Front in Pakistan". The New York Times. 23 January 1964. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
- ^ Sharif al-Mujahid (November 1965). "The Assembly Elections in Pakistan" (PDF). Asian Survey. 5 (11): 538–551. doi:10.2307/2642133. JSTOR 2642133.
- ^ যথানিয়মে সরকারী দলের বিপুল সংখ্যাগরিষ্ঠতা. The Daily Ittefaq (in Bengali). 22 March 1965. p. 1.