Nef'i
Nefʿī (نفعى) was the pen name (Ottoman Turkish: مخلص maḫlaṣ) of an Ottoman poet and satirist whose real name was ʿOmer (عمر) (c. 1572, in Hasankale, Erzurum – 1635, in Istanbul).
Biography
[edit]Nefʿī came to the Ottoman capital of Istanbul sometime before the year 1606, when he is noted to have been working in the bureaucracy as the comptroller of mines (maden mukataacısı). Nef'i attempted to gain the sultan's favor for his poetry, but was unsuccessful with Ahmed I (reigned 1603–1617) and Osman II (reigned 1618–1622). However, finally, Sultan Murad IV (reigned 1623–1640) recognized his skill and granted him a stipend.
Because of his vicious literary attacks on government officials, he was executed by strangulation in 1635 at the request of kaymakam Bayram Pasha.[1]
Story of his execution
[edit]Turkish historian and journalist Mahmut Sami Şimşek tells the following story about the execution of Nef'i:[2]
Nef'i's execution was decided due to his satirical verses on Grand Vizier Bayram Pasha.
As Nef'i went to Topkapı Palace to present his newly written satire book "Sihâm-ı Kazâ" (English: Arrows of Misfortune) to Sultan Murad IV, lightning struck the dome of the palace. The sultan ordered him away yelling "You evil! Take your book and get off so that we get rid of the arrows of misfortune".
After leaving the sultan's audience, Nef'i asked the palace master (Ottoman Turkish: Dâr-üs Saâde Ağası) to mediate for his pardoning. The black master of African origin started to write an application to the grand vizier while Nef'i stood nearby and watched. A short while after, a drop of black ink fell onto the white paper, and Nef'i promptly commented in sarcasm "Sir, your blessed sweat dripped." The palace master tore the paper in anger, and Nef'i was delivered to the executioner. He was courageous until the last moment as he said to his executioner "Go man, you slacker!" After he was strangled with an oiled rope in the woodshed of the palace, his corpse was thrown into the sea.
The following verse became famous describing the event:
Gökten nazîre indi Sihâm-ı Kazâ’sına |
Alike came down from the skies of his "Arrows of Misfortune" |
Works
[edit]Nef'i was strongly influenced by classical Persian poetry, but also developed the Ottoman Turkish kaside form. In addition to odes, especially about Sultan Murad IV, Nef'i wrote sarcastic and often vitriolic verse about the failings of specific governmental officials.[1]
The verse where he cleverly used an insult he received in a comeback has been very popular. It was a response to
Tahir efendi bana kelp demiş |
A dog, I hear I was called by Mister Tahir |
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Shaw, Ezel Kural; Shaw, Stanford J. (1976). History of the Ottoman empire and modern Turkey. Vol. 1, Empire of the Gazis: the rise and decline of the Ottoman empire, 1280-1808. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29163-1. p. 285
- ^ Şimşek, Mahmut Sami (2009-01-29). "Biçimsiz Taş Altında İsimsiz Cellatlar" (in Turkish). Sosyal Okulu. Archived from the original on 2009-04-02. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
References
[edit]- Gibb, Elias John Wilkinson (2002). Ottoman Literature: The Poets and Poetry of Turkey. Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific. ISBN 0-89875-906-4.
Further reading
[edit]- Kim, S. (2022). "The Poet Nefʿī, Fresh Persian Verse, and Ottoman Freshness". Iranian Studies. 55 (2): 551–573. doi:10.1080/00210862.2021.1916390. S2CID 239715206.
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