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OGC 94

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OGC 94
OGC 94, as seen by DESI Legacy Surveys
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationComa Berenices
Right ascension13h 07m 49.24s
Declination+29d 25m 48.24s
Redshift0.240642
Heliocentric radial velocity72,143 km/s
Distance3.317 Gly (1016 Mpc)
Group or clusterZwCI 1305.4+2941
Apparent magnitude (V)0.027
Apparent magnitude (B)0.036
Surface brightness18.90
Characteristics
TypeBrCLG
Size1,036,000 ly
Apparent size (V)0.26' x 0.18'
Notable featuresBrightest cluster galaxy
Other designations
PGC 1866064, NVSS J130749+292549, 2MASX J13074925+2925484, FIRST J130749.2+292548, SA57X 99, CAIRNS J130749.25+292548.3, 2XMM J130749.4+292548

OGC 94, also known as PGC 1866064, is a supergiant elliptical galaxy residing as the brightest cluster galaxy in the ZwCI 1305.4+2941 galaxy cluster.[1] It lies in the constellation of Coma Berenices and has a redshift of 0.240, estimating the galaxy to be located 3.3 billion light-years away from Earth.[2]

Characteristics[edit]

With a diameter exceeding 1 million light-years across, OGC 94 is considered one of the largest galaxies among the ranks of ESO 383-76 and ESO 306-17. It is consider optically luminous,[3] and such a fossil galaxy with a stellar population and star formation history similar to normal brightest cluster galaxies but with larger stellar mass and significant fraction of total optical luminosity of its parent cluster within 0.5 R 200, as high as 85%.[4]

Moreover, OGC 94 contains a radio source.[5] The source is found to be detected at 21 cm by the Leiden-Berkeley Deep Survey[6] although weak, given the source's median angular size decreasing along with its flux density to a low value of about 2 arcsec between 1 and 10 mJy.[7] OGC 94 has an X-ray source with limiting fluxes of 5 × 10-16, 2 × 10-15 erg cm-2 s-1 within the 0.5-2 keV and 2-10 keV range respectively.[8] These properties, classifies it as an active radio galaxy with a flux density of 92 cm.[9]

Moreover, OGC 94 has an extended galactic halo displaying an intracluster light profile with surface brightness between 27.5 mag arcsec-2 at 100 kpc and ~32 mag arcsec-2 at 700 kpc observed in r-bands.[10] Such of these light profiles in massive galaxies like OGC 94, can reach up to several hundreds of kiloparsecs.[11] It is also aligned with its parent cluster[12][13] with a higher [α/Fe] compared its satellite galaxies.[14]

One explanation for OGC 94 having special properties, is the process of galactic cannibalism. As a larger galaxy in the center of ZwCI 1305.4+2941, it tends to merge together with its galaxy neighbors through dynamic friction,[15] causing the building-up of mass of the galaxy while at the same time, the number of satellite galaxies become lesser[16][17] also increasing the luminosity of OGC 94 at an exponential rate mainly due to burst in star formation.[18] Eventually the star formation dies down in OGC 94 when the interstellar gas is consumed during the merger process.[19] This would render OGC 94 as a red elliptical galaxy given most stars are formed.[20]

ZwCI 1305.4+2941[edit]

The galaxy cluster where OGC 94 is residing, is found to be a rich cluster at Z = 0.241[21] and X-ray luminous. According to researchers who determined the mass of the cluster estimated through X-ray or Sunyaev-Zeldovich measurements, they found that the correlation between the cluster mass {M}500 and total r-band luminosity {L}500 significantly evolves with redshift. Through correcting evolution measures, they estimated the cluster richness to be {R}L*,500={L}500 E{(z)}1.40[22] with optical and X-ray properties correlating with the cluster center.[23]

Researchers from CAIRNS (Cluster and Infall Region Nearby Survey) project also studied the infall regions surrounding ZwCI 1305.4+2941. From the results, they found out there is a decreasing velocity profile with a mass profile that is fitted well by a functional form based on numerical simulations but an isothermal sphere is excluded. They suggested infall pattern in ZwCI 1305.4+2941 is ubiquitous over a large mass range. The caustic mass estimates according to them, are found to be in excellent agreement with X-ray independly estimated at small radii and virial estimates at intermediate radii, which the mean ratio of the X-ray mass is 1.03+/-0.11 and viral mass is 0.93+/-0.07.[24]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "NED Search Results for ZwCI 1305.4+2941". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  2. ^ "NED Search Results for WISEA J130749.20+292548.2". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  3. ^ Ogle, Patrick M.; Lanz, Lauranne; Appleton, Philip N.; Helou, George; Mazzarella, Joseph (2019-07-15). "A Catalog of the Most Optically Luminous Galaxies at z < 0.3: Super Spirals, Super Lenticulars, Super Post-mergers, and Giant Ellipticals". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 243 (1): 14. arXiv:1904.02806. Bibcode:2019ApJS..243...14O. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab21c3. ISSN 1538-4365.
  4. ^ Harrison, Craig D.; Miller, Christopher J.; Richards, Joseph W.; Lloyd-Davies, E. J.; Hoyle, Ben; Romer, A. Kathy; Mehrtens, Nicola; Hilton, Matt; Stott, John P.; Capozzi, Diego; Collins, Chris A.; Deadman, Paul-James; Liddle, Andrew R.; Sahlén, Martin; Stanford, S. Adam (2012-06-01). "The XMM Cluster Survey: The Stellar Mass Assembly of Fossil Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 752 (1): 12. arXiv:1202.4450. Bibcode:2012ApJ...752...12H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/752/1/12. ISSN 0004-637X.
  5. ^ Kozieł-Wierzbowska, Dorota; Goyal, Arti; Żywucka, Natalia (2020-04-01). "Radio Sources Associated with Optical Galaxies and Having Unresolved or Extended Morphologies (ROGUE). I. A Catalog of SDSS Galaxies with FIRST Core Identifications". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 247 (2): 53. arXiv:1912.09959. Bibcode:2020ApJS..247...53K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab63d3. ISSN 0067-0049.
  6. ^ Windhorst, R. A.; Kron, R. G.; Koo, D. C. (1984-10-01). "A deep Westerbork survey of areas with multicolor Mayall 4 m plates. II. Optical identifications". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 58: 39–87. Bibcode:1984A&AS...58...39W. ISSN 0365-0138.
  7. ^ Oort, M. J. A.; Katgert, P.; Steeman, F. W. M.; Windhorst, R. A. (1987-06-01). "VLA high resolution observations of weak Leiden-Berkeley deep-survey (LBDS) sources". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 179: 41–59. Bibcode:1987A&A...179...41O. ISSN 0004-6361.
  8. ^ Trevese, D.; Vagnetti, F.; Puccetti, S.; Fiore, F.; Tomei, M.; Bershady, M. A. (2007-07-01). "An X-ray survey in SA 57 with XMM-Newton". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 469 (3): 1211–1219. arXiv:0704.3552. Bibcode:2007A&A...469.1211T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077359. ISSN 0004-6361.
  9. ^ Oort, M. J. A. (1988-03-01). "6cm observations of LBDS radio sources. Radio properties of blue radio galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 192: 42–52. Bibcode:1988A&A...192...42O. ISSN 0004-6361.
  10. ^ Zibetti, Stefano; White, Simon D. M.; Schneider, Donald P.; Brinkmann, Jon (2005-04-01). "Intergalactic stars in z~ 0.25 galaxy clusters: systematic properties from stacking of Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 358 (3): 949–967. arXiv:astro-ph/0501194. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.358..949Z. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08817.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  11. ^ Huang, Song; Leauthaud, Alexie; Greene, Jenny E.; Bundy, Kevin; Lin, Yen-Ting; Tanaka, Masayuki; Miyazaki, Satoshi; Komiyama, Yutaka (2018-04-01). "Individual stellar haloes of massive galaxies measured to 100 kpc at 0.3 < z < 0.5 using Hyper Suprime-Cam". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 475 (3): 3348–3368. arXiv:1707.01904. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.475.3348H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3200. ISSN 0035-8711.
  12. ^ Lambas, Diego G.; Groth, Edward J.; Peebles, P. J. E. (1988-04-01). "Alignments of Brightest Cluster Galaxies with Large-Scale Structures". The Astronomical Journal. 95: 996. Bibcode:1988AJ.....95..996L. doi:10.1086/114695. ISSN 0004-6256.
  13. ^ Sastry, Gummuluru N. (1968-06-01). "Clusters Associated with Supergiant Galaxies". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 80 (474): 252. Bibcode:1968PASP...80..252S. doi:10.1086/128626. ISSN 0004-6280.
  14. ^ Gu, Meng; Conroy, Charlie; Brammer, Gabriel (2018-08-01). "Coordinated Assembly of Brightest Cluster Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 862 (2): L18. arXiv:1805.04520. Bibcode:2018ApJ...862L..18G. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aad336. ISSN 0004-637X.
  15. ^ Chu, A.; Sarron, F.; Durret, F.; Márquez, I. (2022-10-01). "Physical properties of more than one thousand brightest cluster galaxies detected in the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 666: A54. arXiv:2206.14209. Bibcode:2022A&A...666A..54C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243504. ISSN 0004-6361.
  16. ^ Hausman, M. A.; Ostriker, J. P. (1978-09-01). "Galactic cannibalism. III. The morphological evolution of galaxies and clusters". The Astrophysical Journal. 224: 320–336. Bibcode:1978ApJ...224..320H. doi:10.1086/156380. ISSN 0004-637X.
  17. ^ Ostriker, J. P.; Tremaine, S. D. (1975-12-01). "Another evolutionary correction to the luminosity of giant galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 202: L113–L117. Bibcode:1975ApJ...202L.113O. doi:10.1086/181992. ISSN 0004-637X.
  18. ^ Contreras-Santos, Ana; Knebe, Alexander; Pearce, Frazer; Haggar, Roan; Gray, Meghan; Cui, Weiguang; Yepes, Gustavo; De Petris, Marco; De Luca, Federico; Power, Chris; Mostoghiu, Robert; Nuza, Sebastián E.; Hoeft, Matthias (2022-04-01). "The three hundred project: galaxy cluster mergers and their impact on the stellar component of brightest cluster galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 511 (2): 2897–2913. arXiv:2201.12252. Bibcode:2022MNRAS.511.2897C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac275. ISSN 0035-8711.
  19. ^ Martizzi, Davide; Teyssier, Romain; Moore, Ben (2012-02-03). "The formation of the brightest cluster galaxies in cosmological simulations: the case for active galactic nucleus feedback". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 420 (4): 2859–2873. arXiv:1106.5371. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.420.2859M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19950.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  20. ^ Thomas, Daniel; Maraston, Claudia; Schawinski, Kevin; Sarzi, Marc; Silk, Joseph (2010-06-01). "Environment and self-regulation in galaxy formation". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 404 (4): 1775–1789. arXiv:0912.0259. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.404.1775T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16427.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  21. ^ Hao, Jiangang; McKay, Timothy A.; Koester, Benjamin P.; Rykoff, Eli S.; Rozo, Eduardo; Annis, James; Wechsler, Risa H.; Evrard, August; Siegel, Seth R.; Becker, Matthew; Busha, Michael; Gerdes, David; Johnston, David E.; Sheldon, Erin (2010-12-01). "A GMBCG Galaxy Cluster Catalog of 55,424 Rich Clusters from SDSS DR7". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 191 (2): 254–274. arXiv:1010.5503. Bibcode:2010ApJS..191..254H. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/191/2/254. ISSN 0067-0049.
  22. ^ Wen, Z. L.; Han, J. L. (2015-07-01). "Calibration of the Optical Mass Proxy for Clusters of Galaxies and an Update of the WHL12 Cluster Catalog". The Astrophysical Journal. 807 (2): 178. arXiv:1506.04503. Bibcode:2015ApJ...807..178W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/178. ISSN 0004-637X.
  23. ^ Szabo, T.; Pierpaoli, E.; Dong, F.; Pipino, A.; Gunn, J. (2011-07-01). "An Optical Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Obtained from an Adaptive Matched Filter Finder Applied to Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6". The Astrophysical Journal. 736 (1): 21. arXiv:1011.0249. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736...21S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/21. ISSN 0004-637X.
  24. ^ Rines, Kenneth; Geller, Margaret J.; Kurtz, Michael J.; Diaferio, Antonaldo (2003-11-01). "CAIRNS: The Cluster and Infall Region Nearby Survey. I. Redshifts and Mass Profiles". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (5): 2152–2170. arXiv:astro-ph/0306538. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2152R. doi:10.1086/378599. ISSN 0004-6256.
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