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PSCA (gene)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
PSCA
Identifiers
AliasesPSCA, PRO232, prostate stem cell antigen, lncPSCA
External IDsOMIM: 602470; MGI: 1919623; HomoloGene: 4150; GeneCards: PSCA; OMA:PSCA - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005672

NM_028216

RefSeq (protein)

NP_005663

NP_082492

Location (UCSC)Chr 8: 142.67 – 142.68 MbChr 15: 74.59 – 74.59 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Prostate stem cell antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSCA gene.[5][6]

This gene encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell membrane glycoprotein. In addition to being highly expressed in the prostate it is also expressed in the bladder, placenta, colon, kidney, and stomach. This gene has a nonsynonymous nucleotide polymorphism at its start codon.[6]

Clinical significance

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This gene is up-regulated in a large proportion of prostate cancers and is also detected in cancers of the bladder and pancreas.[6]

Mechanism

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A study reviewing the potential role of PSCA proposed that expression of the gene is regulated through the androgen receptor complex.[7] The proteins translated from the gene, is then glycosylated in the ER, and transported to the cell membrane where it is connected to a lipid.[7] This results in the formation of a GPI-anchored proteins, these proteins can be often secreted by cells or play a role in cell signaling. While, the ligand activating PSCA or the downstream physiological role has not yet been determined, because of its mechanism and over expression in prostate cancer cells, PSCA can potentially serve as a biomarker for detecting cancer.[8]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167653Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022598Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Reiter RE, Gu Z, Watabe T, Thomas G, Szigeti K, Davis E, et al. (February 1998). "Prostate stem cell antigen: a cell surface marker overexpressed in prostate cancer". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (4): 1735–40. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.1735R. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.4.1735. PMC 19171. PMID 9465086.
  6. ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: PSCA prostate stem cell antigen".
  7. ^ a b Saeki N, Gu J, Yoshida T, Wu X (July 2010). "Prostate stem cell antigen: a Jekyll and Hyde molecule?". Clinical Cancer Research. 16 (14): 3533–8. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-3169. PMC 2905486. PMID 20501618.
  8. ^ Kong HK, Park JH (November 2012). "Characterization and function of human Ly-6/uPAR molecules". BMB Reports. 45 (11): 595–603. doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.11.210. PMC 4133805. PMID 23186997.

Further reading

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