Paraona
| Paraona | |
|---|---|
| |
| Paraona staudingeri formosana | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Subtribe: | Lithosiina |
| Genus: | Paraona Moore, 1878 |
Paraona is a disputed genus of moths in the family Erebidae, considered synonymous to Macrobrochis by some but not all lepidopterists.
Taxonomy and status[edit]
Paraona was erected by Frederic Moore in 1878 around the species originally described as Crambomorpha splendens by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877.[1] Sergei Alphéraky described an additional species, Paraona staudingeri, in 1897.[2]
In 1993, the genus—at the time placed to family Arctiidae[a]—was deemed a junior synonym of Macrobrochis by Yasunori Kishida. This synonymization was based upon the strong likeness of the male genitalia of Paraona staudingeri to those of Macrobrochis gigas, and explicitly did not involve examination of the type species of Paraona.[3] This classification was subsequently followed by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 2001 in Part 7 of his book series The Moths of Borneo.[1]
In 2012, the genus was restored by Vladimir Dubatolov, Kishida and Min Wang, based on dissimilarity of the male genitalia of Paraona's type species, Crambomorpha splendens, to those of Macrobrochis.[4][1] Following the restoration of the genus, it was once more treated as valid by subsequent authors.[1]
In 2024, the genus was once again synonymized with Macrobrochis, this time by Anton Volynkin, who stated that the 2012 restoration of the genus was based on a specimen held by Museum Witt Munich "identified by an unknown identifier as 'Paraona splendens'" and which is "dissimilar to the illustrations of P. splendens" by both the generic taxon author Frederic Moore and those by George Hampson. He concluded the specimen, rather than represent Paraona splendens, was instead a different, previously undescribed species he named Murmyshia obscuria.[1]
Selected species[edit]
- Paraona bicolor Toulgoët, 1968
- Paraona cocciniceps (Mabille, 1884)
- Paraona interjecta Strand, 1912
- Paraona micans (Pagenstecher, 1895)
- Paraona splendens (Butler, 1877)
- Paraona staudingeri Alphéraky, 1897
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Volynkin, Anton V. (2 June 2024). "On the taxonomy of the Oriental genus Paraona Moore with descriptions of a new genus, a new species, and introduction of new synonymies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)". Ecologica Montenegrina. 73: 408–420. doi:10.37828/em.2024.73.26. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ "Paraona staudingeri Alphéraky, 1897". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ Kishida, Yasunori (1993). Haruta, Toshiro (ed.). "Moths of Nepal, Part 2: Arctiidae: Lithosiinae" (PDF). Tinea. 13 (Supplement 3). The Japan Heterocerists' Society: 36. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ Dubatolov, Vladimir V.; Kishida, Yasunori; Wang, Min (May 2012). "New records of lichen-moths from the Nanling Mts., Guangdong, South China, with descriptions of new genera and species (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae: Lithosiinae)" (PDF). Tinea. 22 (1). Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul (November 5, 2004). "Paraona Moore, 1878". Butterflies and Moths of the World. Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
- Yu, Dicky Sick Ki. "Paraona Moore 1878". Home of Ichneumonoidea. Taxapad. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.