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Palestine, officially known as the State of Palestine, is a country in southern Levant region of the Middle East. The country shares is bordered with Israel to the east, north and west, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the southwest and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. It encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, collectively known as the Palestinian territories. Palestine has a total land area of 6,020 square kilometres (2,320 sq mi) while its population exceeds five million people.The Palestinian people are mostly Arabs, while Kurds, Turks, Armenians and Assyrians are also found. Majority of Palestinian people are Muslims, with minority includes Christians, Samaritans and Druze. Jerusalem is the proclaimed capital, Ramallah is administrative center and Gaza is largest city, as of 2023.

The wider historic region of Palestine, the country's history is deeply rooted in religious significance. Located in Fertile Crescent, the region is referred to as "cradle of civilization". Palestine gave rise various groups such as the Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks and Romans. The region have been ruled by the Canaanites, Philistines and Israelites. Jerusalem, along with Bethlehem and Hebron are among the holiest cities, revered by the Jews, Christians and Muslims. During the Muslim conquest of the Levant in 7th century, the region came under Islamic control. Successive Islamic Caliphates' rule continued, until the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099. Following Saladin's conquest of Palestine in 1187, the Islamic rule was restored. Between 13th century to 16th century, the Mamluk Sultanate ruled. The Ottoman Empire conquered the region in 1516 and ruled for the next 400 years, until the World War I. Following the British conquest of Palestine in 1917, Mandatory territory was established under the League of Nations, setting up stages for the conflict.

The modern Palestinian state have been in conflict since 1948, which was triggered during the British rule. Following the establishment of Mandate, British government facilitated immigration of the Jews, supporting the Zionist movement. Intercommunal tensions increased between the Zionist Jews and Arabs (Christians and Muslims). In 1947, the United Nations prepared a partition plan for Palestine, rejected by the Arabs. The 1947–1949 civil war and the 1948 war resulted displacement of Palestinians from the lands captured by Israel, known as Nakba. The subsequent Arab–Israeli wars, including the Six Day War in 1967 saw entire Palestinian territories being occupied and Israel established illegal settlements. Palestinian militant groups, including the PLO led several armed rebellions against Israel. After 1993–1995 peace treaties, the interim government was formed to govern certain parts. Following the end of the second intifada, Israel withdrew completely from the Gaza Strip. However the occupation of the West Bank continues. The 2006–2008 civil war resulted Hamas takeover of the coastal enclave.

As of 2024, Palestine is recognized as a sovereign state by 145 member states of the United Nations. It is a semi-presidential republic. Due to the ongoing conflict Palestinians are subjected to the ongoing occupation, restrictions on movement, blockade by Israel, violence by Israeli settlers and Zionist terrorism. Palestine's borders, the legal and diplomatic status of Jerusalem, and the right of return of Palestinian refugees remain unsolved. Israel has built illegal settlements in the West Bank, where to 600,000 Israeli settlers reside. The Gaza Strip is ruled by Hamas and the West Bank is governed by Fatah-led Palestinian Authority. Today, there are nearly 7 million Palestinian refugees around the world, with some of them within the country. Despite these challenges, the country maintains an emerging economy and sees frequent tourism. Palestine have potential reserves of crude oil and natural gas. It is a member of several international organizations, including the United Nations, Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. (Full article...)

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Palestinian cuisine consists of foods from or commonly eaten by Palestinians — which includes those living in the Palestinian territories, Israel, Jordan, refugee camps in nearby countries as well as by the Palestinian diaspora. The cuisine is a diffusion of the cultures of civilizations that settled in the historic region of Palestine, particularly during and after the Islamic era beginning with the Arab Ummayad conquest, then the eventual Persian-influenced Abbasids and ending with the strong influences of Turkish cuisine, resulting from the coming of the Ottoman Turks. Cooking styles vary by region and each type of cooking style and the ingredients used are generally based on the climate and location of the particular region and on traditions. Rice and variations of kibbee are common in the Galilee, the West Bank engages primarily in heavier meals involving the use of taboon bread, rice and meat and coastal plain inhabitants frequent fish, other seafood, and lentils, Gaza's inhabitants heavily consume chili peppers too. Meals are usually eaten in the household but dining out has become prominent particularly during parties where light meals like salads, bread dips and skewered meats are served. Coffee is consumed throughout the day and liquor is not very prevalent amongst the population, however, some alcoholic beverages such as arak or beer are consumed by Christians and less conservative Muslims.

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Jerusalem Railway Station, 1900
Jerusalem Railway Station, 1900
Credit: American Colony; Restoration: Michel Vuijlsteke

The Jerusalem Railway Station c. 1900. The locomotive on the turntable is "Ramleh" (J&J No. 3), a Baldwin 2-6-0. The station was the terminus of the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway until its closure in 1998. Today, the station is abandoned and suffering from neglect and vandalism, although it is one of 110 buildings selected for preservation in Jerusalem.

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The market area of the Muristan, Suq Aftimos, with the Muristan fountain at its center

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Mahmoud Abbas
I simply want tomorrow to be better than today. I want Palestine to be independent and sovereign... Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand.

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Air Marshall Richard Williams
Sir Richard Williams (1890–1980) is regarded as the "father" of the Royal Australian Air Force. He was the first military pilot trained in Australia, and commanded fighter units in World War I. A proponent of independent air power, Williams played a leading role in the establishment of the RAAF and became its first and longest-serving Chief of the Air Staff (CAS). Born into a working class family, he was an Army Lieutenant when he learned to fly in 1914. As a pilot with the Australian Flying Corps in World War I, Williams commanded No. 1 Squadron and later 40th Wing RAF, earning the Distinguished Service Order. Afterwards he campaigned for an Australian Air Force separate from the Army and Navy, and this came into being on 31 March 1921. The fledgling RAAF faced challenges to its existence for the next decade, and Williams was credited with maintaining its independence. However an adverse report on flying safety saw him dismissed as CAS prior to World War II. Despite promotion to Air Marshal in 1940, he never again commanded the RAAF. After the war he was forcibly retired and took up the position of Director-General of Civil Aviation. He was knighted shortly before his retirement in 1955.

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Demographics: Definitions · State of Palestine · History · Name · People · Diaspora  · Refugee camps · Arab citizens of Israel

Politics: Arab Higher Committee · All-Palestine Gov-t · PLO · PFLP · Depopulated villages

Today: Fatah · Hamas · Islamic Jihad · Political parties · PNA · Hamas gov-t · Governorates · Governorates · Cities · Arab localities in Israel · PNC · PLC ·

General: Flag · Law

Palestine: West Bank · Gaza Strip · E. Jerusalem

Religion: Islam · Christianity · Judaism · Dome of the Rock · Al-Aqsa Mosque · Great Mosque of Gaza · Cave of the Patriarchs · Church of the Holy Sepulchre · Basilica of the Annunciation · Church of the Nativity · Joseph's Tomb · Rachel's Tomb · Lot's Tomb · Nabi Samwil

Culture: Art · Traditional costumes · Cinema · Cuisine · Dance · Handicrafts · Language · Literature · Music


Religions in Palestine


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