Prosulfocarb
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
S-Benzyl N,N-dipropylcarbamothioate
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| Other names
Prosulfocarb
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| Identifiers | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.100.363 |
PubChem CID
|
|
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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|
| Properties | |
| C14H21NOS | |
| Molar mass | 251.39 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colourless - pale yellow |
| Odor | Aromatic |
| Density | 1049 kg/m3[1] |
| Melting point | -20 °C[3] |
| Boiling point | 341 °C[3] |
| Insoluble[3] | |
| Solubility in xylene | Soluble[3] |
| Solubility in acetone | Soluble[3] |
| Solubility in heptane | Soluble[3] |
| Solubility in ethyl acetate | Soluble[3] |
| Vapor pressure | 0.79 mPa[3] |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
 
| |
| Warning | |
| H227, H302, H317, H335, H371, H373, H401 | |
| Flash point | 167.1 °C[1] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Prosulfocarb is a pre-emergent herbicide used agriculturally in Australia, the EU, Morocco[3] and Iran, for control of annual ryegrass and toad rush in wheat and barley crops.[4] It was introduced to the EU in 1988 and is rapidly growing in use, with sales increasing by over 500% in France since 2008.[5]
Prosulfocarb is a thiocarbamate, and is absorbed by the roots of germinating seedlings to inhibit growth in the meristem by inhibiting fat synthesis.[6]
Usage
[edit]To target annual ryegrass, 2.5L/ha (of 800 g/L emulsifiable concentrate) is prepared and sprayed before sowing. It can be applied to barley post-emergence, but if applied wrongly may cause crop damage.[7]
Prosulfocarb is often applied alongside s-Metolachlor and pyroxasulfone, or in Australia with trifluralin, with which it more efficiently circumvents weed resistance.[8]
Safety and Environmental Effect
[edit]Prosulfocarb's LD50 toxicity is 1820 mg/kg orally for rats,[2] which is comparable to paracetamol. The human toxicological effect is low.[5] Prosulfocarb itself is not a combustible, but formulations can be due to other components. (e.g. solvent naphtha)[9] Prosulfocarb is an irritant.[3]
Prosulfocarb is toxic to aquatic organisms; it is mandatory in Australia not to spray it within 20 metres upwind of aquatic or wetland areas or to apply by air. Nor if heavy rain is expected, to prevent runoff.[6] It is not persistent in soil, with a halflife of 35 days. Prosulfocarb bioaccumulates, and has slight mobility in soil.[9]
Trade Names
[edit]- Prosulfocarb
- Profuse
- Arcade
- Countdown
- Defy
- Boxer Gold (combination with s-Metolachlor)
- Dian
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Prosulfocarb SDS" (PDF). ChemicalBook. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Prosulfocarb Standard SDS" (PDF). FujiFilm. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Prosulfocarb (Ref: SC 0574)". Pesticide Properties DataBase. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ "Prosulfocarb 800 Label" (PDF). GenFarm. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ a b Devault, Damnien; Guillemin, Jean-Philippe; Maurice, Millet; Eymery, Frank (January 2022). "Prosulfocarb at center stage!". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-06928-8. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Prosulfocarb Leaflet" (PDF). 4Farmers Australia. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ "4Farmers Prosulfocarb 800 EC Infosheet" (PDF). 4Farmers Australia. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ Kleemann, Samuel G. L.; Preston, Christopher; Gill, Gurjeet S. (2014). "Influence of Seeding System Disturbance on Preplant Incorporated Herbicide Control of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Wheat in Southern Australia" (PDF). Weed Technology (28): 323–331. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ a b "4Farmers Prosulfocarb Herbicide Safety Data Sheet" (PDF). 4farmers.com.au. 4Farmers Australia. Retrieved 5 August 2024.