Public Ministry of Venezuela

The Public Ministry of Venezuela is an organ belonging to Citizen Power, it has autonomous and independent character. It is under the direction of the Attorney General of the Republic who is elected by the National Assembly for a period of seven years.

Article 285 of the Constitution of Venezuela states that the Attorney General has the following function:^[1]

Contribute to the establishment of criteria of the criminal politics or criminal prosecution within the State, in light of the guiding principles of modern criminal law.
Exercise criminal action on behalf of the State.
Guarantee respect for constitutional rights and guarantees in judicial processes.
Ensure the speed and smooth running of the administration of justice, the prior trial and due process.
Guarantee the treaties, conventions and international agreements signed by the Republic in criminal matters.
Carry out the actions that may be necessary to enforce the responsibility incurred by public officials.
Order and direct the criminal investigation of the perpetration of punishable acts.
Protect victims and witnesses of punishable acts.
Represent the interests of the society through the exercise of the faculties of direction of the investigation of the facts that have the characteristics of crime.

History

As stated in the historical review of the Public Ministry,^[2] at the colonial times the role of Attorney General was exercised by an official appointed by the Monarchy of Spain, whose task was to ensure compliance with the Spanish Law in the Captaincy General of Venezuela.

After the independence processes that gave origin to the Venezuelan nation were advanced in 1819, within the framework of the origin of the republic, it was when the figure of the Attorney General was established, who was in charge of ensuring the compliance and application of the legal order. Years later, in 1830, the Constitution of the Gran Colombia, would consecrate to the Public Ministry as an organ dependent on the Executive Power, in the figure of the Attorney General of the Republic. It was not until 1901 when the Constitution of the United States of Venezuela establishes the Public Ministry, in charge of the Attorney General of the Nation, differentiating its functions from those corresponding to the Judicial Power.

Much later, in 1935, Isaías Medina Angarita enacted the Organic Law of the Public Ministry, appointing the Attorney General for its direction. Later, in 1948, the National Congress reformed said legal instrument and appointed Fernando Álvarez Manosalva as General Prosecutor. In 1953, with the arrival of the dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez to power, the functions of the Public Prosecutor's Office are again assigned to the Procurator's Office. However, after the overthrow of Perez, in 1961 the Constitution of the Republic of Venezuela would establish the Public Ministry as an autonomous institution and independent of the other powers, under the responsibility of the Attorney General of the Republic.

In the Fifth Republic, with the entry into force of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Constitution), the Citizen Power is created, which is currently exercised by the Republican Moral Council, composed of the Attorney General of the Republic, the Ombudsman and the Comptroller General of the Republic, and, at the same time, their autonomy is established.

Prosecutors General of the Republic^[3]

Order	Name	Period
Prosecutors General of Venezuela
1	Fernando Álvarez Manosalva	1948
2	Pablo Ruggieri Parra	1961
3	Rolando Salcedo Delima	1961 - 1964
4	Antonio José Lozada	1964 - 1969
5	César Naranjo Ostty	1969 - 1974
6	José Ramón Medina	1974 - 1979
7	Pedro J. Mantellini González	1979 - 1984
8	Héctor Serpa Arcas	1984 - 1989
9	Ramón Escovar Salom	1989 - 1994
10	Iván Darío Badell González	1994 - 1999
11	Rafael Pérez Perdomo	1999
12	Javier Elechiguerra Naranjo	1999 - 2000
13	Julián Isaías Rodríguez Diaz	2000 - 2007
14	Luisa Ortega Díaz	2007 - 2017
15	Tarek William Saab	2017 -

Controversy

In 2017, the Supreme Court of Justice, at the request of Pedro Carreño, initiated legal proceedings that culminated in the dismissal of Luisa Ortega Díaz as attorney general, a procedure that constitutionally can only be carried out by the National Assembly.^[4] On August 5, 2017, the National Constituent Assembly promoted by Nicolás Maduro, appointed Tarek William Saab as head of the Public Ministry. Ortega Díaz disregarded the sentence of the Supreme Court of Justice on her dismissal and ignored the designation of Saab as attorney general, and several deputies of the National Assembly expressed their support for the affected official.^[5] Luis Almagro, General Secretary of the Organization of American States (OAS), and several leaders and prosecutors of the world expressed their rejection and repudiation of the dismissal of Luisa Ortega Díaz.^[6]^[7]

Anthem of the Public Ministry

Lyrics: Nery Carballo
Music: Michel Eustache

Spanish

Coro

Soy guardián de un anhelo que avanza,

con firmeza y audacia tenaz,

a construir la patriótica alianza

de la ley con el Pueblo y la Paz.

I

La justicia formó mi conciencia

para un noble y sagrado ideal:

Defender del Derecho la esencia

en el Orden Constitucional.

II

Oh, Simón del civismo radiante.

Oh, Bolívar de la Libertad:

Sea tu vida el ejemplo constante

que ilumine la legalidad...

III

Cuando enfrenta al poder mi camino,

el honor es mi espada y mi escuela,

pues mi afán tiene un solo destino

y una sola razón: ¡ VENEZUELA !...

English

Chorus

I am the guardian of a longing that moves,

with firm and tenacious courage,

to build the patriotic alliance

of the law with the People and Peace.

I

Justice formed my conscience

for a noble and sacred ideal:

Defend the RLawthe essence

in the Constitutional Order.

II

Oh, Simón of the radiant citizenship.

Oh, Bolívar of the Liberty:

Your life Be a constant example

that illuminates the legality ...

III

When faced to power my way,

honor is my sword and my school,

because my eagerness has only one destination

and one reason only: VENEZUELA!...

References

^ Fiscalía General de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. "Ministerio Público" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2014-06-27.
^ Fiscalía General de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. "Historia del Ministerio Público" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2014-06-27.
^ Fiscalía General de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. "Galería de fiscales generales" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2014-12-08. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
^ "Sala Plena del TSJ destituye a la Fiscal Luisa Ortega Díaz, según Últimas Noticias". noticiaALDIA. August 2017.
^ SOUQUETT GIL, MARIANA (August 2017). "Diputados respaldan a Luisa Ortega Díaz y desconocen a Tarek William Saab". Analítica.
^ EL NACIONAL WEB (August 2017). "Almagro: Desconocemos destitución de la fiscal Ortega Díaz". El Nacional.
^ EFE / El País (August 2017). "Gobiernos del mundo rechazan destitución de Luisa Ortega como fiscal de Venezuela". El País.

External links

Official website of the Public Ministry (in Spanish)

[MP2-1] Fiscalía General de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. "Ministerio Público" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2014-06-27.

[MP3-2] Fiscalía General de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. "Historia del Ministerio Público" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2014-06-27.

[MP1-3] Fiscalía General de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. "Galería de fiscales generales" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2014-12-08. Retrieved 2014-06-27.

[4] "Sala Plena del TSJ destituye a la Fiscal Luisa Ortega Díaz, según Últimas Noticias". noticiaALDIA. August 2017.

[5] SOUQUETT GIL, MARIANA (August 2017). "Diputados respaldan a Luisa Ortega Díaz y desconocen a Tarek William Saab". Analítica.

[6] EL NACIONAL WEB (August 2017). "Almagro: Desconocemos destitución de la fiscal Ortega Díaz". El Nacional.

[7] EFE / El País (August 2017). "Gobiernos del mundo rechazan destitución de Luisa Ortega como fiscal de Venezuela". El País.

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