Race 2
Race 2 | |
---|---|
![]() Theatrical release poster | |
Directed by | Abbas–Mustan |
Written by | Kiran Kotrial Shiraz Ahmed |
Produced by | Ramesh S. Taurani |
Starring | Saif Ali Khan John Abraham Deepika Padukone Anil Kapoor Jacqueline Fernandez Ameesha Patel Bipasha Basu |
Narrated by | Anil Kapoor |
Cinematography | Ravi Yadav |
Edited by | Hussain A. Burmawala |
Music by | Songs: Pritam Yo Yo Honey Singh Background Score: Salim–Sulaiman |
Production company | |
Distributed by | UTV Motion Pictures |
Release dates |
|
Running time | 150 minutes |
Countries | India Turkey |
Language | Hindi |
Budget | ₹94 crore |
Box office | ₹173.36 crore[1] |
Race 2 is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language neo-noir action crime film directed by Abbas–Mustan and written by Kiran Kotrial and Shiraz Ahmed. The film was produced by Ramesh S. Taurani under the Tips Industries banner, with UTV Motion Pictures serving as distributor and presenter. A sequel to the 2008 film, Race and the second installment of the Race film series. The film stars Saif Ali Khan, John Abraham, Deepika Padukone, Anil Kapoor, Jacqueline Fernandez, Ameesha Patel and Bipasha Basu who is featured in a guest appearance. The music of the film is composed by Pritam, Yo Yo Honey Singh and Salim–Sulaiman. The film was dubbed in Tamil and Telugu.
Made on a budget of ₹94 crore,[2] Race 2 was released on 25 January (India) and 26 January (Worldwide). The film received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics and the audience. It grossed ₹173.36 crore worldwide.[1]
Plot
[edit]In Cyprus, a contract killer blasts a yellow Lamborghini Gallardo by shooting its fuel tank.
Few months later, a robbery takes place and European printing plates are stolen. Crooked businessman Ranvir Singh meets a casino owner, Vikram Thapar, claiming he stole the plates. He offers Thapar €1500 million in counterfeit currency in exchange for €500 million in real banknotes. Thapar agrees and borrows €500 million from his friend Armaan Malik, who is a powerful don and the leader of the powerful Turkish mafia. It is then revealed that Ranvir never stole the plates, and cheated Thapar. Unable to return Armaan's money, Thapar is forced to give control of his five casinos to him.
Ranvir and Armaan planned the whole scam. They met through Ranvir's childhood friend retired police inspector Robert "RD" D'Costa. Ranvir delivers Thapar's casinos for €500 million to Armaan by taking 10% from it. Ranvir meets Armaan's step-sister Aleena, and gradually becomes attracted to her.
Ranvir sees a picture of his deceased wife Sonia in Armaan's girlfriend Omisha's wallet and begins to woo her in order to gain her confidence. Ranvir reveals to RD that he is trying to bankrupt Armaan because Armaan and Thapar were responsible for Sonia's death.
In a flashback, Ranvir and a pregnant Sonia are in Cyprus. Sonia's sister Tanya calls them to meet her in Bangkok. On the way, Ranvir tells Sonia that he wants to transfer some savings from the bank. Unaware of an assassin lurking around, Ranvir asks her to sit in the car as he heads to the bank. The assassin successfully shoots the car's fuel tank (the Lamborghini blasting scene at the beginning of the film), and Sonia dies. Ranvir chased the assassin and killed him. Omisha tells him that she is Sonia's sister, Tanya Martin. It is revealed she is not Sonia's sister and it was a ploy by Armaan who knew Ranvir's true intentions.
Ranvir schemes to steal the Shroud of Turin and sell it to Armaan. After that, he will steal both the shroud and Armaan's wealth. However, RD, who is afraid of Armaan, betrays Ranvir and tells the truth to Armaan. Armaan gives 15 billion euros to his old friend, godfather Anza, as an investment.
Aleena reveals Armaan planted a bomb in her car to kill her, and decides to help Ranvir. Ranvir steals the shroud. During the celebration, Aleena poisons Ranvir. As he slowly dies, Armaan reveals he knew his plan and Aleena was never on Ranvir's side. After Ranvir dies, Armaan and Omisha retrieve the shroud and leave in their private jet. Armaan points his gun at Aleena, revealing that he had been planning to kill her to take her share of their combined wealth. Unexpectedly, Ranvir crashes through the wall; Aleena never poisoned him. Aleena tells Armaan that she was helping Ranvir, and knew about Armaan's intention to eliminate her. Ranvir reveals that RD never betrayed him and it was a ploy to trick Armaan into thinking he was ahead of Ranvir.
Ranvir and Armaan fight in the aircraft. Armaan tells Ranvir that he killed Sonia because she fled away with his money. He shoots the pilot and escapes with Omisha through a parachute, leaving Ranvir and Aleena to die in the resulting plane crash. However, they manage to escape by using Armaan's car, which has four attached parachutes. Armaan and Omisha hand over the shroud to Anza. On inspection, it is revealed to be fake. When Anza asks for his bearer bonds, they're also fake. Ranvir calls Armaan and taunts him that he is penniless now. It is also revealed that Anza is secretly helping Ranvir and Armaan is forced to hand over his properties, while Omisha dumps him for Anza. Armaan vows vengeance on Ranvir.
Ranvir visits Sonia's grave with Aleena and gives RD his share of money. When RD asks about the real shroud, he reveals that he never stole the shroud; it is still in the church. Aleena had switched the real bearer bonds while he and Armaan were fighting on the plane. RD admits that he does not want to risk his life again and makes Ranvir promise in jest to never meet him again. Ranvir and Aleena leave Turkey for an unknown location.
Cast
[edit]Portrait | Name | Portrayed by | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Ranvir Singh "Ronny" | Saif Ali Khan | A crooked businessman, who want to take revenge on Armaan for killing his wife Sonia. The main protagonist | |
Sonia Martin Singh | Bipasha Basu | Ranvir Singh’s late wife who was killed by Armaan. (Guest Appearance) | |
Alina Malik | Deepika Padukone | Armaan's sister and Ranvir's girlfriend | |
Armaan Malik | John Abraham | A powerful Turkish don, who killed Ranvir's wife Sonia. The main antagonist | |
Omisha | Jacqueline Fernandez | Armaan's girlfriend (voice dubbed by Mona Ghosh Shetty) | |
Inspector Robert D Costa "RD" | Anil Kapoor | Ranvir's childhood friend | |
Cherry | Ameesha Patel | RD's girlfriend | |
Anza | Aditya Pancholi | Godfather |
Production and casting
[edit]After the success of Race (2008), Ramesh Taurani registered Race 2 as a title and Abbas–Mustan said that they would go ahead with a sequel "if we get a script in place which is even better than the original."[3] The screenplay and story was written by Shiraz Ahmed and Kiran Kotrial who also wrote Race. Saif Ali Khan and Anil Kapoor were the first to sign on in November 2009 and were reported to be the only returning cast members from the first film.[4] In June 2010, John Abraham was signed on to play the antagonist and Kareena Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra were approached to co-star opposite Khan and Abraham respectively.[5][6] However, Kapoor turned down the role as she didn't want her pairing with Khan to get repetitive; Chopra opted out due to scheduling conflicts.[7] It was also rumoured that Asin Thottumkal had been shortlisted to star alongside Khan; however Padukone was cast.[8] In December 2010, Sonakshi Sinha was cast as a replacement for Priyanka.[9] Chitrangda Singh was approached for a role opposite Anil Kapoor in May 2011 but eventually dropped out for unspecified reasons.[10] Ameesha Patel and Mallika Sherawat were considered for that same role, but it ultimately went to Patel.[11][12]
"The expectations from Race 2 are humongous and we plan to make it bigger and better than the first part."
—Taurani on Race 2[13]
The film's shooting was set to begin on 5 October 2011 but was postponed to accommodate Deepika Padukone's dates causing scheduling conflicts with Sonakshi Sinha.[14] Sinha's dates conflicted with her filming schedule for Dabangg 2 (2012), forcing her to drop out. In October 2011, Jacqueline Fernandez who had opted out of Krrish 3 (2013) and Raaz 3 (2012) was cast as a replacement for Sinha.[15] Shortly afterwards, it was announced that Bipasha Basu would be reprising her role as Sonia in a cameo appearance and continuing to be role of Khan's wife. Despite rumours suggesting that Bipasha would be sharing screen space with ex-boyfriend John Abraham for the first time after their break-up, but John denied this. Reports have said that after this statement was said Abraham then told Saif that he didn't want to work with Bipasha in the first place.[16][17][18] Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind, the largest of Sunni clerics in India, urged PM Manmohan Singh to stop their publication and display of Race 2 posters that featured verses from the Quran.[19]
Filming
[edit]The first Indian schedule began on 5 November 2011 in Mumbai for 15 days, wrapping up on 20 November.[20] Meanwhile, Sanjay Dutt was in talks to join the cast, but he dropped out due to scheduling conflicts.[21][22] The second schedule commenced on 23 January 2012 in Mumbai. Padukone dropped out within six days because the film was always being rescheduled.[23]
Race 2's producer Ramesh Taurani released a statement to the media deeming Padukone's behaviour as "unethical, unprofessional and unacceptable".[24] Also, it was reported that Asin was offered the role to replace Padukone, although it has been rumoured that she declined the offer, thus avoiding any controversies regarding her and Kapoor.[25] However, Padukone and Taurani agreed on a settlement after much negotiation and the filming continued as planned.[26] Fernandez, Abraham and Padukone joined the cast in May at Istanbul for the third schedule. On 7 October 2012, the shooting was completed. The Mardan Palace in Turkey was the setting for many scenes where it was shown as the home of Padukone and Abraham's characters.[27]
Soundtrack
[edit]The soundtrack of Race 2 which is composed by Pritam and Yo Yo Honey Singh features 10 tracks, with four remix versions an unplugged version and a mashup of all the tracks. It was released on 10 November 2012. The film score is composed by Salim–Sulaiman.
The songs "Lat Lag Gayee", "Be Intehaan," and "Party on My Mind" became extremely popular and were declared as chartbusters. The song "Lat Lag Gayee" was choreographed by Karishma Chavan.
Track listing
[edit]All tracks are written by Mayur Puri, Sameer Anjaan, Yo Yo Honey Singh and Prashant Ingole
No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
---|---|---|---|
1. | "Allah Duhai Hai" | Atif Aslam, Pritam, Vishal Dadlani, Anushka Manchanda, Michie One, Ritu Pathak | 04:15 |
2. | "Lat Lag Gayee" | Pritam, Benny Dayal, Shalmali Kholgade, Yo Yo Honey Singh | 04:40 |
3. | "Be Intehaan" | Atif Aslam, Sunidhi Chauhan | 04:51 |
4. | "Party on My Mind" | Pritam, Shefali Alvares, KK, Yo Yo Honey Singh | 03:42 |
5. | "Party on My Mind" (Remix) | DJ Jay Dhabi, Shefali Alvares, Pritam, KK, Yo Yo Honey Singh | 04:42 |
6. | "Be Intehaan" (Remix) | DJ Suketu feat. AKS, Atif Aslam, Sunidhi Chauhan [28] | 05:16 |
7. | "Allah Dubai Hai" (Remix) | Atif Aslam, Pritam, Vishal Dadlani, Anushka Manchanda, Michie One, Ritu Pathak | 04:13 |
8. | "Lat Lag Gayee" (Film Version) | Pritam, Benny Dayal, Shalmali Kholgade, Yo Yo Honey Singh | 02:48 |
9. | "Be Intehaan" | Pritam, Rahul Vaidya | 02:27 |
10. | "Race 2" (Mashup) | DJ Kiran Kamath, Shefali Alvares, Atif Aslam, Pritam, Vishal Dadlani, Benny Dayal, Sunny M.R, Shalmali Kholgade, Michie One, Yo Yo Honey Singh, Salim–Sulaiman, Guri Master, Jonita Gandhi, A Positive Dhillon | 03:06 |
11. | "Immature" | Guri Master, Pritam, A Positive Dhillon, Shefali Alvares, Sunidhi Chauhan, Jonita Gandhi | 09:00 |
Total length: | 42:51 |
Reception
[edit]The soundtrack received positive critical reception. IBN Live gave it 4/5 stars saying, "Race 2's soundtrack is racy to the core. In a nutshell, the album is bound to be an All Time Blockbuster. Let's just hope the movie is as good as the soundtrack is!" Shresht Poddar, of Score magazine, gave the album 3/5 stars saying, "Personally, as a standalone album with no biases, it is enjoyable, but it could have done with better lyrics. The tracks are foot-tapping, and they would appeal to the masses. But if you compare it to Race, the album undoubtedly falls flat."[29]
Release
[edit]Race 2 was released in 3200 screens in India; it is the third biggest release ever for a Hindi film after Ek Tha Tiger (2012) (3300 screens) and Dabangg 2 (2012) (3700 screens).[30][31] Race 2 was released in more than 50 countries, including US, UK, Gulf, Australia, Pakistan as well as non-traditional markets like Maldives, East Timor, Myanmar, Morocco and Vietnam (with as many as seven screens).[32] The film had a simultaneous release in Morocco in four to five screens, including theatres in Casablanca and Marrakech.[33] Race 2 is subtitled in Arabic, Thai, Indonesian, Malay, Vietnamese, and Dutch.[34][35]
Critical reception
[edit]Race 2 received mixed to positive reviews from critics and audience. While its cast performance, cinematography, visualisation, technical aspects, songs, background scores and direction received critical acclaim, its writing, plot and humours received criticism and most of the critics states that it is not that much as its first part.
Madhureeta Mukherjee of The Times of India rated the film 3 out of 5, while commenting, "Mass dialogue delivery, heists, fully anti-hero characters, glamorous and sexy heroines, roulette, luxury and exotic cars, gizmos, and gangs – Director duo, Abbas-Mustan have thrown in everything with pompous grandeur, save for a riveting plot that shocks or stuns."[36] Rubina A Khan of The First Post gave it 3 out of 5 stars, adding, "Race 2 delivers what it promises – good looking and anti hero ensemble cast, exotic locations, luxurious cars, bomb squads, revenge, lust and love, a couple of good and preppy style music tracks and, most importantly, a plot which opens a thrilling pace."[37] Shivesh Kumar of IndiaWeekly awarded the movie 3.8 out of 5 stars.[38]
Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave 4 out of 5 stars and said "The writing isn't watertight, the film lacks a hit score, the climax is far from effective and overall, Race 2 pales in comparison to Race."[39] Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN awarded it a score of 3.5 out of 5 while commenting "The film has no intellectual pretensions; its only ambition is to offer a good time. In that, it mostly succeeds."[40] Anupama Chopra of Hindustantimes gave 4.8 out of 5, reviewing, "Race 2 is essentially a big-budget film in which coolness is all. The director duo Abbas–Mustan have no pretensions about what they are making – full-on masala with a dash of revenge, a slice of heist and characters who are either strutting their chiseled bodies in slow motion or betraying each other."[41] Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV gave it a score of 4.5 out of 5 and feels "This is a movie strictly for action who might be looking for a feverish two-and-a-half-hour ride that is far more giddy than heady."[42]
Box office
[edit]India
[edit]Race 2 had what Box Office India called a "solid opening" at multiplexes and single screens with occupancy of around 60%–70%.[31] The film had a very good opening day, netting ₹15.12 crore (US$1.8 million).[1] It showed good growth in its second day, collecting approximately ₹20.7 crore (US$2.5 million) nett and ₹15.55 crore (US$1.9 million) on third day.[1] Race 2 did well on its first weekend by collecting around ₹51.35 crore (US$6.2 million) nett.[1]
The film managed to do well and netted around ₹76.1 crore (US$9.1 million) in its first week.[1] Race 2 went on to collect a total gross of ₹139.51 crore (US$17 million) in India with a worldwide gross business of ₹173.36 crore (US$21 million).[1]
Overseas
[edit]Race 2 had a good opening in overseas with approximately ₹75.0 million (US$900,000) the opening weekend.[43] Race 2 grossed approximately $5.5 million overseas in ten days.[44] After grossing $6 million in 17 days overseas, the film was declared a hit by Box Office India.[45] Race 2 recorded similar figures in overseas markets like its prequel.[46] Moreover, it recorded the highest ever collection in Pakistan for any Bollywood film with an amount of $775,000 beating Don 2 which netted $675,000. Its final business in the overseas market is around $6.5 million.[47][48]
Game
[edit]Race 2, a racing mobile video game developed by Gameshastra was released along with the 2013 film.[49]
Future
[edit]After making two successful films, makers planned the third Installment of this series, which is unrelated to the first two films and will feature a whole new star cast, with the exception of Anil Kapoor and Jacqueline Fernandez. Salman Khan, Bobby Deol, and Daisy Shah were some of the new faces in the series and Remo D'Souza replaced Abbas–Mustan as the director of Race 3. But, the film, which was released on 15 June 2018, received highly negative reviews from critics and audiences and is considered one of Bollywood's worst films.
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g "Race 2 Box Office". Bollywood Hungama. 22 March 2013.
- ^ "Race 2 – Movie – Box Office India". Boxofficeindia.com.
- ^ Tuteja, Joginder (26 March 2008). ""Race 2 is not ruled out" – Abbas Mustan". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
- ^ Adarsh, Taran (24 November 2009). "Saral Mondal & Anil Kapoor in 'Race 2'". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Adarsh, Taran (29 June 2010). "The principal star cast of 'Race 2' is finalized". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Ramsubramaniam, Nikhil (4 September 2010). "Priyanka Chopra to star in Race 2". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Bollywood Hungama News Network (27 October 2010). "kareena replaces Priyanka Chopra in Race 2". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ "Race 2: Asin second choice after Chitrangda". The Times of India. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
- ^ Bollywood Hungama News Network (7 December 2010). "Sonakshi Sinha signed for Race 2". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Shah, Kunal M (18 May 2011). "Chitrangda spices up Race 2". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Joshi, Tushar (11 August 2011). "Ameesha Patel in Race 2". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Pradhan, Bharathi (31 August 2011). "Ameesha Patel gets Mallika Sherawat's role in Race 2". The Film Street Journal. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Adarsh, Taran (22 February 2011). "'Race 2' ready to take-off". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ^ Bollywood Hungama News Network (18 October 2011). "Race 2 delayed; the film was not released in May 2012 as planned earlier". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ KBR, Upala (24 October 2011). "Jacqueline to replace Sonakshi in Race 2?". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 7 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
- ^ Sharma, Amrapali (31 October 2011). "All for the camera". Mumbai Mirror. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "John won't work with Bipasha in Race 2". The Times of India. 14 November 2011. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
- ^ Baksi, Dibyojyoti. "Won't be seen with Bipasha in Race 2: John Abraham". Archived from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
- ^ "Race 2: Muslim group protests against the posters". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 7 October 2013.
- ^ Shewakramani, Jay (31 October 2011). "Race 2 starts 5th November". Twitter. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ Lalwani, Vickey (10 January 2012). "Race 2 gets eight stars". Mumbai Mirror. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
- ^ "Sanjay Dutt not in Б─≤Race 2Б─≥". Supergoodmovies.com. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ Shah, Kunal M (4 February 2012). "Kareena not running this Race anymore". Mumbai Mirror. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
- ^ Shah, Kunal M (9 February 2012). "Dippy has no remorse". Mumbai Mirror. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
- ^ DC (20 February 2012). "Nargis Fakhri dragged into Race 2 controversy". Deccan Chronicle. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ "Deepika Padukone's back in Race 2?". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ "Visit John Abraham's home in Race 2: Turkey's superbly luxurious Mardan Palace". 8 February 2013.
- ^ "Be Intehaan (Full Song & Lyrics) – Atif Aslam – Download or Listen Free – JioSaavn". 25 January 2012.
- ^ Poddar, Shresht. "Music Review of Race 2". Archived from the original on 7 January 2013.
- ^ "Archived copy". www.boxofficeindia.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b "Solid Opening For Race 2 at Multiplexes And Single Screens". Box Office India. 25 January 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
- ^ "'Race 2' To Release in Over 50 Countries". Koimoi. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ^ Laghate, Gaurav (16 January 2013). "UTV to release Race 2 in 50 countries on Jan 25". Business Standard India – via Business Standard.
- ^ "Race 2 to release in over 50 countries". Indiatoday. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ^ "Race 2 to be released in more than 50 countries". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ^ Mukherjee, Madhureeta. "Madhureeta Mukherjee review". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
- ^ Khan, Rubina A (25 January 2013). "Rubina A Khan review". Firstpost. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
- ^ "IndiaWeekly's Movie Ratings". IndiaWeekly. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
- ^ Adarsh, Taran. "Taran Adarsh review". Bollywood Hungama. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
- ^ Masand, Rajeev. "Rajeev Masand review". Ibnlive. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
- ^ Chopra, Anupama. "Anupama Chopra's review". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
- ^ Chatterjee, Saibal. "Saibal Chatterjee review". Ndtv. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
- ^ "RACE 2 Finishes Huge Weekend One". Box Office Capsule. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
- ^ "Race 2 Is HIT Overseas: Heads For $6 Million Plus". Box Office India. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
- ^ "Special 26 – $1.25 Million ABCD – $425k". Box Office India. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ "OVERSEAS: Race 2 v Race Comparison". Box Office India. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ "Race 2 Emerges Highest Grosser Ever in Pakistan". Box Office India. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
- ^ "Archived copy". www.boxofficeindia.com. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Race 2". Sensor Tower. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
External links
[edit]- Race 2 at Bollywood Hungama
- Race 2 at IMDb
- Race 2 at Box Office Mojo
- Race 2 at Rotten Tomatoes
- 2013 films
- 2010s Hindi-language films
- Films directed by Abbas–Mustan
- 2013 action thriller films
- Indian auto racing films
- Indian horse racing films
- Indian crime thriller films
- Indian sequel films
- Films featuring songs by Pritam
- Films scored by Salim–Sulaiman
- Indian detective films
- UTV Motion Pictures films
- Films shot in Istanbul
- Films shot in Turkey
- Indian action thriller films
- Films adapted for other media