Race and ethnicity in the NHL

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The National Hockey League (NHL) evolved from a mono-ethnic and primarily Canadian professional athletic league to span North America.[1][2][3][4][5] The distribution of ethnic groups has been gradually changing since the inception of the NHL.[6] The league consists of a variety of players from varying nationalities and diverse backgrounds. Once known as a league riddled with racism and exclusiveness, the NHL has made some positive steps toward a more diverse and inclusive institution.[7]

The NHL began its expansion of player nationalities in the 1970s when players hailed from the United States, Sweden, and Finland.[8] The share of Canadians in the league dropped to 75% by the 1980s and is now slightly less than 50%.[8] In 2011, the NHL was composed of 93% of players who identified as white, with the remaining 7% identifying as varying ethnicities.[9][needs update]

History of Representation[edit]

Main article: Black players in ice hockey
See also: List of black NHL players

A number of ice hockey leagues for players of African descent formed in Canada as early as the late-19th century. The Coloured Hockey League was an all-black ice hockey league established in 1895. Operating across the Maritime provinces of Canada, the league operated for several decades until 1930.

Although other minor ice hockey leagues saw integration in the early 20th century (including the Quebec Senior Hockey League), the major league NHL did not see its first non-white player until November 16, 1926, with Indigenous Native American Taffy Abel broke the NHL colour barrier that day with the New York Rangers.[10]

On March 13, 1948 Larry Kwong was an Asian playing with the New York Rangers.[11] Born in Vernon, British Columbia, Kwong was a Chinese Canadian of Cantonese descent.[12] In 1953, Fred Sasakamoose was the first Cree NHL player, and the first Canadian indigenous player in the NHL, debuting with the Chicago Black Hawks. On January 18, 1958, Willie O'Ree became the first Black Canadian to play in the NHL. Playing with the Boston Bruins, he was also the first NHL player of African descent.[13] Val James was the first African American player to play in the NHL, called up by the Buffalo Sabres in 1982.[14] His stints with the Buffalo Sabres and Toronto Maple Leafs were short-lived and he eventually retired in 1987 due to injury.[14] The number of black NHL players was 26 by the end of the 20th century and sat at 32 in 2016.[9]

Racism and Discrimination[edit]

In the 1970's there were zero African-American players in the NHL. That number rose to 26 in the 1980s and rose slightly to 32 in the 1990s. Though seemingly minute, it was a significant change in the racial demographic of the NHL at the time.

Herb Carnegie was the first black player to play one ice in a professional hockey game. Val (Valmore) James, the first U.S.-born African American hockey player called up by the Buffalo Sabres in 1982, refrained from openly discussing his experiences with racism in the league until three decades after retiring from the sport.

The depth of his ordeal was so profound that he reported being unable to watch hockey for a full decade without being haunted by memories of discrimination in the league.[14] James's tumultuous journey serves as a poignant illustration of how societal racism can infiltrate sports cultures.

"When I started skating, I set out to be a hockey player, not a black hockey player,” he wrote. “However, the two concepts quickly became intertwined. And not by choice. From early on, there were some people who were determined to prove that being black and being a hockey player were mutually exclusive."[15]

Further insights into James's life and experiences can be found in the autobiography Black Ice: The Val James Story, authored by Valmore James and John Gallagher.[16][15]

Non-black minorities[edit]

In addition to black and white players, other races and ethnicities represented in the NHL include players of Asian, Latino, and Middle Eastern descent.

 = NHL All-Star[17] ·  = NHL All-Star[17] and NHL All-Star team ·  = Hall of Famers
  • Bold = Currently playing in NHL
  • Italics = Stanley Cup champions
  • * = Yet to have played an NHL game for their respective team

Asian descent[edit]

See also: List of Indian NHL players
Nat. Name Birthplace Pos Seasons Teams Played Ethnicity Ref
Canada Arshdeep Bains Surrey, BC LW 2023–present VAN Punjabi
Canada Victor Bartley Ottawa, ON D 1998–2015 NSH, MTL Biracial, Taiwanese [18]
Canada Robin Bawa Duncan, BC RW 1987–1999 WSH, VAN, SJS, ANA Punjabi [19]
Canada Chris Beckford-Tseu Toronto, ON G 2007–2008 STL Jamaican-Chinese[20] [21]
Canada Jacob Bryson London, ON D 2021–present BUF Biracial, Korean
Canada Matt Dumba Regina, SK D 2013–present MIN, ARI, TBL Romanian-German-Filipino [citation needed]
Canada/China Spencer Foo Edmonton, AB RW 2017–present CGY, VGK* Chinese
Japan Yutaka Fukufuji Kushiro, Japan G 2006–2007 LAK Japanese
Canada Akito Hirose Calgary, AB D 2022–present VAN Japanese
Canada Taro Hirose Winnipeg, MB LW 2018–present DET Japanese
Canada Josh Ho-Sang Toronto, ON RW 2016–2019 NYI Jamaican-Jewish-Chinese [22]
Canada Peter Ing Toronto, ON G 1989–1994 TOR, EDM, DET Biracial, Chinese [23]
Canada Paul Kariya North Vancouver, BC LW 1994–2010 ANA, COL, NSH, STL Japanese-Scottish [24]
Canada Steve Kariya North Vancouver, BC RW 1999–2000 VAN Japanese-Scottish
Canada Jujhar Khaira Surrey, BC LW 2014–present EDM, CHI, MIN Punjabi [25]
Canada Larry Kwong Vernon, BC C 1947–1948 NYR Chinese [26]
Canada Manny Malhotra Mississauga, ON C 1998–2016 NYR, DAL, CBJ, SJS, VAN, CAR, MTL Punjabi-French [27]
Norway Andreas Martinsen Bærum, Norway LW 2015–2019 COL, MTL, CHI Ugandan Indian-Norwegian [28]
Canada Jon Matsumoto Ottawa, ON C 2010–2012 CAR, FLA Japanese-German
Canada Jim Paek Seoul, South Korea D 1987–2003 PIT, LAK, OTT Korean [29]
United States Richard Park Seoul, South Korea RW 1996–2010 PIT, NYI, MIN, VAN Korean [30]
United States Jason Robertson Arcadia, CA LW 2019–present DAL Scottish-Filipino [31]
United States Nicholas Robertson Arcadia, CA LW 2020–present TOR Scottish-Filipino
United States Bobby Robins Peshtigo, WI RW 2014–2015 BOS Biracial, Filipino
Canada Raymond Sawada Richmond, BC RW 2008–2011 DAL Japanese-Italian
Canada Devin Setoguchi Taber, AB RW 2007–2018 SJS, MIN, WPG, CGY, LAK Biracial, Japanese [32][better source needed]
United States Kiefer Sherwood Columbus, OH RW 2018–present ANA, COL, NSH Biracial, Japanese
United States Kole Sherwood New Albany, OH RW 2018–present CBJ, NSH Biracial, Japanese
Canada Devin Shore Ajax, ON C 2015–present DAL, ANA, CBJ, EDM, SEA Biracial, Filipino
Switzerland Jonas Siegenthaler Zürich, Switzerland D 2018–present WSH, NJD Swiss-Thai
Canada Dylan Sikura Aurora, ON C 2018–present CHI, VGK, COL, ANA* Slovak-Japanese [33]
Canada Jordan Spence Sydney, Australia D 2021–present LAK Biracial, Japanese
United States Tim Stapleton La Grange, IL C 2008–2012 TOR, ATL, WIN Irish-Filipino [34]
Canada Jamie Storr Brampton, ON G 1994–2004 LAK, CAR Biracial, Japanese
Canada Nick Suzuki London, ON C 2019–present MTL Japanese-Scottish [35]
United States David Tanabe White Bear Lake, MN D 1999–2008 BOS, CAR Japanese [36]
United States Mike Wong Minneapolis, MN C 1975–1976 DET Chinese-Native [citation needed]
United States Kailer Yamamoto Spokane, WA RW 2017–present EDM, SEA Biracial, his father is half-Japanese and his mother is half-Hawaiian [37]
Canada/China Brandon Yip Vancouver, BC RW 2009–2014 COL, NSH, PHX Biracial, Three quarter-Chinese and one quarter-Irish [38]

NHL career[edit]

These are the top-ten players of Asian descent by career points, goals, and assists. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season.

Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; G/G = Goals per game; A/G = Assists per game

Franchise career[edit]

These are the top-ten players of Asian descent, by career points, goals, and assists, when counting only their production with a specific franchise. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season.

Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; G/G = Goals per game; A/G = Assists per game

First Nation/Native American descent[edit]

Nat. Name Birthplace Pos Seasons Teams Played Ethnicity Ref
Canada George Armstrong Skead, Ontario RW 1949–1971 TOR Biracial Ojibwe-Canadian [39]
Canada Bryan Trottier Val Marie, Saskatchewan C 1975–1994 NYI, PIT Biracial Cree-Canadian [40]
Canada Ted Nolan Garden River, Ontario LW 1981–1986 DET, PIT Ojibwe-Canadian [41]
Canada Grant Fuhr Spruce Grove, Alberta G 1981–2000 EDM, TOR, BUF, LAK, STL, CGY Biracial Cree and Afro-Canadian [42]
Canada Everett Sanipass Elsipogtog First Nation, New Brunswick LW 1986–1991 CHI, QUE Mi'kmaq [43]
Canada Craig Berube Calahoo, Alberta LW 1986–2003 PHI, TOR, CGY, WSH, NYI Biracial Cree-Canadian [44]
Canada Theoren Fleury Oxbow, Saskatchewan RW 1988–2003 CAL, NYR Métis Canadian [45]
Canada Gino Odjick Maniwaki, Québec LW 1990–2002 MTL, NYI, VAN, PHI Biracial Algonquian-Canadian [46]
Canada Blair Atcheynum Estevan, Saskatchewan RW 1992–2001 OTT, NSH, STL, CHI Cree descent [39]
Canada Arron Asham Portage la Prairie, Manitoba RW 1998–2014 MTL, NYI, NJD, PHI, PIT, NYR Métis Canadian [39]
Canada Jordin Tootoo Churchill, Manitoba RW 2003–2017 NSH, NJD, DET, CHI Inuit [47]
Canada René Bourque Lac La Biche, Alberta LW 2005–2017 MTL, CAL, CLB, CHI Métis Canadian [48]
Canada Carey Price Vancouver, British Columbia G 2007–present MTL Biracial Dakelh-Canadian [citation needed]
United States T. J. Oshie Mount Vernon, Washington RW 2008–present STL, WSH Biracial Ojibwe-American [citation needed]
Canada Michael Ferland Swan River, Manitoba LW 2014–2020 CAR, CAL, VAN Cree descent [49]
Canada Brandon Montour Ohsweken, Ontario D 2016–present ANA, BUF, FLO Mohawk descent [citation needed]
Canada Henry Maracle Ayr, Ontario LW 1930-31 NYR Mohawk descent [50]
Canada Ethan Bear Regina, Saskatchewan D 2018–present EDM, CAR, VAN Cree descent [51]
Canada Zach Whitecloud Brandon, Manitoba D 2018–present VGK Dakota-Canadian [citation needed]
United States Garrett Pilon Mineola, New York C 2021–present WSH Métis American [citation needed]
Canada Rich Pilon Saskatoon, Saskatchewan D 1989-2002 NYI, NYR, STL Métis descent [citation needed]
Canada Fred Sasakamoose Debden, Saskatchewan C 1954 CHI Cree [citation needed]
Canada Reggie Leach Riverton, Manitoba RW 1971-1983 BOS, CGS, PHI, DET Ojibwe [citation needed]
Canada Jamie Leach Winnipeg, Manitoba RW 1990-1994 PIT, HAR, FLO Ojibwe descent [citation needed]
Canada Stan Jonathan Ohsweken, Ontario LW 1976-1983 BOS, PIT Tuscarora [citation needed]
Canada Jonathan Cheechoo Moose Factory, Ontario RW 2003-2010 SJS, OTT Cree [citation needed]
Canada Dwight King Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan LW 2011-2017 LAK, MTL Métis descent [citation needed]
Canada Connor Dewar The Pas, Manitoba C 2022-Present MIN, TOR Métis descent [citation needed]
Canada D.J. King Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan C 2007-2012 STL, WSH Métis descent [citation needed]
Canada Calen Addison Brandon, Manitoba D 2021-Present MIN Métis descent [citation needed]
Canada Travis Hamonic St. Malo, Manitoba D 2011-Present NYI, CGY, VAN, OTT Métis descent [citation needed]
Canada Brady Keeper Cross Lake, Manitoba D 2019-Present FLO Cree [citation needed]
Canada Michael McNiven Winnipeg, Manitoba G 2022 MTL Métis descent [citation needed]
Canada Jim Neilson Big River, Saskatchewan D 1963-1979 NYR, CGS, CLE Cree [citation needed]
Canada Ted Hodgson Hobbema, Alberta RW 1967 BOS Cree [citation needed]
Canada Harry York Ponoka, Alberta C 1997-2000 STL, NYR, PIT, VAN Cree [citation needed]
Canada Scott Daniels Prince Albert, Saskatchewan LW 1993-1999 HFD, PHI, NJD Cree [citation needed]
Canada Dale McCourt Falconbridge, Ontario C 1978-1984 DET, BUF, TOR Cree [citation needed]

Latino descent[edit]

Nat. Name Birthplace Pos Seasons Teams Played Ethnicity Ref
United States Scott Gomez Anchorage, Alaska C 1999–2016 NJ, NYR, MTL Colombian Mexican American [52]
United States Bill Guerin Worcester, Massachusetts RW 1991–2010 NJD, EDM, BOS, DAL, STL SJ, NYI, PIT Nicaraguan American [53]
United States Auston Matthews San Ramon, California C 2016–present TOR Half Mexican American [54]
United States Al Montoya Chicago, Illinois G 2006–2018 NYI, MTL, FLA, WIN Cuban American [55]
United States Matt Nieto Long Beach, California LW 2013–present COL, SJ Mexican American [56]
United States Max Pacioretty New Canaan, Connecticut LW 2008–present MTL, VGK, CAR Half Mexican American [57]
Canada Bryce Salvador Brandon, Manitoba D 2001–2015 STL, NJD Half Afro-Brazilian Half Ukrainian
Canada Raffi Torres Toronto, Ontario LW 2001–2016 EDM, SJ, PHO Half Mexican Canadian Half Peruvian (of Italian, Greek, and Serbian ancestry) [58]

Middle Eastern descent[edit]

Nat. Name Birthplace Pos Seasons Teams Played Ethnicity Ref
United States Justin Abdelkader Muskegon, Michigan LW 2008–2021 DET Jordanian-American [59]
Canada Ramzi Abid Montreal, Québec LW 2000–2014 PHO, PIT, ATL Lebanese-Canadian [60]
Canada/Turkey Nick Cicek Winnipeg, Manitoba D 2022–present SJS Turkish-Canadian
Canada John Hanna Sydney, Nova Scotia D 1958–1968 NYR, MTL Lebanese-Canadian [61]
Canada Ed Hatoum Beirut, Lebanon RW 1968–1971 DET, VAN Lebanese [62]
Canada Nazem Kadri London, Ontario C 2010–present TOR, COL, CGY Lebanese-Canadian [63]
Canada Alain Nasreddine Montreal, Québec D 1995–2010 NYI, MTL, PIT Biracial Lebanese-Canadian [64]
United States Brandon Saad Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania LW 2011–present CHI, CBJ, COL, STL Syrian American [65]
Sweden Mika Zibanejad Huddinge, Sweden C 2010–present OTT, NYR Biracial Iranian-Finnish [66]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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