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Rahbar (newspaper)

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Rahbar
TypeDaily newspaper
PublisherTudeh Party of Iran
Editor-in-chiefIraj Eskandari
FoundedFebruary 1943
Political alignmentCommunism
LanguagePersian
Ceased publication1946
HeadquartersTehran
Sister newspapersZafar, Razm, Mardom, several local publications

Rahbar (Persian: رهبر, lit. 'Guide') was an Iranian Persian language daily newspaper, published from Tehran.[1][2] It was the central organ of the communist Tudeh Party of Iran.[3] The decision to launch Rahbar was taken at the First Party Conference held in October 1942, after that Abbas Iskandari, the editor of the erstwhile central organ of the party Siasat, had been expelled from the party.[4][5]

The paper was first published in February 1943.[6] In the initial phase of Rahbar the Tudeh Party was not officially a communist party, and the editorial line of the newspaper was non-communist constitutionalism.[7] During the years of the Second World War, Rahbar (and other Tudeh organs) focused on anti-fascist and pro-peace agitation.[8] During this period it was financed by the Soviet Union.[9]

Iraj Eskandari served as the editor-in-chief of Rahbar.[10] As with the other two key publications of the party (Mardom and Razm) it was edited by a member of the Tudeh parliamentary faction in the Majles.[11]

In June 1943 the trade union organization led by the Tudeh Party, the Central Council of Unions of Iran, decided to adopt Rahbar as their main organ, substituting the union publication Giti until the re-launching of a separate trade unionist newspaper. From June 21, 1943, onwards Rahbar carried a section titled "the party and the workers".[12]

When Rahbar celebrated its anniversary it sold 60,000 copies, almost reaching the levels of the main newspaper of the country, Ettela'at.[13]

In the oil-rich areas in southern Iran, the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and local authorities enforced a ban on reading and distributing Rahbar.[14] Workers caught reading or selling the paper were usually dismissed from their employments.[14]

On 23 August 1945 Rahbar was shut down by the orders of a military commandant in Tehran.[15]

The publication of Rahbar (as well as the labour newspaper Zafar) was again suspended by the government on 8 December 1946, citing the attacks of the paper against the pro-American policies of the Iranian government. The ban was however lifted by the end of the month.[16][17]

References

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  1. ^ Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran between Two Revolutions. [S.l.]: Princeton University Press, 1982. p. 299
  2. ^ Atabaki, Touraj, and Solmaz Rustamova-Towhidi. Baku Documents: Union Catalogue of Persian, Azerbaijani, Ottoman Turkish and Arabic Serials and Newspapers in the Libraries of the Republic of Azerbaijan. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 1995. p. 241
  3. ^ Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran between Two Revolutions. [S.l.]: Princeton University Press, 1982. p. 299
  4. ^ Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran between Two Revolutions. [S.l.]: Princeton University Press, 1982. p. 285
  5. ^ History of the Tudeh Party of Iran
  6. ^ George Lenczowski (January 1947). "The Communist Movement in Iran". Middle East Journal. 1 (1): 30–31. JSTOR 4321826.
  7. ^ Atabaki, Touraj. Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. London: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 2000. p. 72
  8. ^ Gheissari, Ali. Iranian Intellectuals in the 20th Century. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press, 1998. p. 65
  9. ^ Darius Wainwright (2022). American and British Soft Power in Iran, 1953-1960. A 'Special Relationship'?. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 43. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88414-7. ISBN 978-3-030-88414-7. S2CID 245008871.
  10. ^ Encyclopaedia Iranica[permanent dead link‍]
  11. ^ Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran between Two Revolutions. [S.l.]: Princeton University Press, 1982. p. 202
  12. ^ Habib Ladjevardi. (1985). Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. p. 34
  13. ^ Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran between Two Revolutions. [S.l.]: Princeton University Press, 1982. p. 292
  14. ^ a b Habib Ladjevardi. (1985). Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. p. 123
  15. ^ Atabaki, Touraj. Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. London: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 2000. p. 84
  16. ^ Ladjevardi, Habib. Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1985. p. 78
  17. ^ William M. Steen (April 1947). "Developments of the Quarter: Comment and Chronology December 1, 1946-February 28, 1947". Middle East Journal. 1 (2): 191–206. JSTOR 4321861.
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