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Red River campaign order of battle: Union

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Nathaniel P. Banks

The following is the organization of the Union forces engaged in the Red River campaign, during the American Civil War in 1864. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign.[1][2] The Confederate order of battle is listed separately.

Abbreviations used

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Military rank

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Other

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Union forces, March 31

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Army of the Gulf (Department of the Gulf)

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MG Nathaniel P. Banks, Commanding[3]
Manpower and guns are from Official Records. All manpower strengths are "Aggregate Present".[4]
Regiments and other units in parentheses were not present and were not included in unit strengths.[1]

Engineer Brigade[5]
Brigade Regiments and Others
Engineer Brigade


    Col George D. Robinson
    (872 men)

  • Headquarters troops (Companies A and B): Cpt Richard W. Francis
  • Escort (Company C): Cpt Frank Sayles

XIII Corps

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Main article: XIII Corps (Union Army)

BG Thomas E. G. Ransom (w)[3]
BG Robert A. Cameron

XIII Corps (Detachment)[5]
Division Brigade Regiments and Others

1st and 2nd Divisions

All Brigades
  • Detached in Texas

3rd Division


      BG Robert A. Cameron
      (2,275 men)

1st Brigade


   Ltc Aaron M. Flory

2nd Brigade


    Col William H. Raynor

Artillery (8 guns)

4th Division


      Col William J. Landram
      (2,990 men)

1st Brigade


   Col Frank Emerson (w&c)[3]

2nd Brigade


   Col Joseph W. Vance (k)[3]
   Ltc Albert H. Brown[6]

Artillery (10 guns)


   Cpt Patrick H. White
   XIII Chief of artillery

XIX Corps

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Main article: XIX Corps (Union Army)

MG William B. Franklin (w)[3]

XIX Corps[7]
Division Brigade Regiments and Others

1st Division


     BG William H. Emory
     (7,134 men)

1st Brigade


   BG William Dwight

2nd Brigade


   BG James W. McMillan

3rd Brigade


   Col Lewis Benedict (k)[3]
   Col Francis Fessenden (w)[3]
   Ltc Justus W. Blanchard[8]

Artillery (14 guns)


   Cpt George T. Hebard

  • New York Light, 25th Battery: Lt Irving D. Southworth
  • 1st United States, Battery L: Lt Franck E. Taylor
  • Vermont Light, 1st Battery: Cpt George T. Hebard

2nd Division


     BG Cuvier Grover
     (4,477 men)

1st Brigade
  • Detached at Carrollton
2nd Brigade


   BG Henry Warner Birge[3][10]
   Col Edward L. Molineux

3rd Brigade


   Col Jacob Sharpe
  

Artillery (18 guns)


   Cpt George W. Fox

Cavalry
Corps Artillery Reserve


     Cpt Henry W. Closson
     XIX chief of artillery

Artillery (280 men, 14 guns)
  • Delaware Light, 1st Battery: Cpt Benjamin Nields
  • 1st Indiana Heavy (two companies): Cpt William S. Hinkle
Corps d'Afrique (United States Colored Troops) 1st Brigade, 1st Division


   Col William H. Dickey
   (1,745 men)

Cavalry Division


     BG Albert L. Lee
     (5,333 men)

1st Brigade


   Col Thomas J. Lucas

2nd Brigade
  • Detached at Port Hudson
3rd Brigade


   Col Harai Robinson

4th Brigade


   Col Nathan Dudley

5th Brigade


   Col Oliver P. Gooding

Artillery Brigade (12 guns)


  

Army of the Tennessee (detachment)

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BG Andrew J. Smith

XVI Corps

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Main article: XVI Corps (Union Army)
XVI Corps: Army of the Tennessee (Detachment)[11]
Division Brigade Regiments and Others

1st Division


    BG Joseph A. Mower
     (2,431 men)

1st Brigade
  • Detached at Memphis
2nd Brigade


   Col Lucius F. Hubbard

3rd Brigade


   Col Sylvester G. Hill

Artillery
  • Detached at Memphis and Vicksburg
3rd Division


    BG Joseph A. Mower
     (6,151 men)

1st Brigade


   Col William F. Lynch

2nd Brigade


   Col William T. Shaw

3rd Brigade


   Col Risdon M. Moore

Artillery (10 guns)


   Cpt James M. Cockefair

2nd and 4th Divisions 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Brigades

XVII Corps

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Main article: XVII Corps (Union Army)
XVII Corps: Army of the Tennessee (Detachment)[14]
Division Brigade Regiments and Others
Provisional Division


     BG T. Kilby Smith
     (2,039 men)

1st Brigade


   Col Jonathan B. Moore

2nd Brigade


   Col Lyman M. Ward

Artillery (4 guns)


Union forces, April 30

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Army of the Gulf (Department of the Gulf)

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MG Nathaniel P. Banks, Commanding

Engineer Brigade[14]
Brigade Regiments and Others
Engineer Brigade


    Col George D. Robinson
    (811 men)

  • Headquarters troops (Companies A and B): Cpt Richard W. Francis
  • Escort (Company C): Cpt Frank Sayles

XIII Corps (detachment)

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Main article: XIII Corps (Union Army)

MG John A. McClernand
Corps headquarters and 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, reached Alexandria, April 26.
Warren brought additional troops from Texas but they only reached Fort De Russy and are not listed.[15]

XIII Corps (Detachment)[16]
Division Brigade Regiments and Others
1st Division


      BG Fitz Henry Warren[17]
      (2,383 men)

2nd Brigade


    BG Michael K. Lawler
   

2nd Division

All brigades
  • Detached in Texas

3rd Division


      BG Robert A. Cameron
      (2,333 men)

1st Brigade


   Col Thomas H. Bringhurst

2nd Brigade


    Col James R. Slack

4th Division


      Col William J. Landram
      (1,784 men)

1st Brigade


   Col Frederick W. Moore

2nd Brigade


   Col John R. Parker
  

Artillery


      Maj Adolph Schwartz
      (396 men, 18 guns)

Unbrigaded
Unattached

XIX Corps

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Main article: XIX Corps (Union Army)

MG William B. Franklin (until May 2)
BG William H. Emory

XIX Corps[18]
Division Brigade Regiments and Others

1st Division


     BG William H. Emory
     BG James W. McMillan
     (6,392 men)

1st Brigade


   Col George L. Beal

2nd Brigade


   BG James W. McMillan

3rd Brigade


   Ltc Justus W. Blanchard

Artillery (14 guns)


   Cpt Benjamin Nields

  • New York Light, 25th Battery: Lt Irving D. Southworth
  • 1st United States, Battery L: Lt Franck E. Taylor
  • Delaware Light, 1st Battery: Lieutenant Thomas A. Porter
2nd Division


     BG Cuvier Grover
     (4,907 men)

1st Brigade (Reached Alexandria, La., April 18.)


   BG Frank S. Nickerson

2nd Brigade


   BG Henry W. Birge

3rd Brigade


   Col Jacob Sharpe
  

Artillery (14 guns)


   Cpt George W. Fox

  • 7th Massachusetts Battery: Cpt Newman W. Storer
  • New York Light, 26th Battery: Cpt George W. Fox
  • 2nd United States, Battery C: Lt John I. Rodgers
3rd Division
Detached in New Orleans


    

Artillery Reserve
(295 men, 14 guns)


     Cpt Henry W. Closson
     XIX Corps Chief of artillery

Corps d'Afrique (United States Colored Troops) 1st Brigade, 1st Division


   Col William H. Dickey
   (1,745 men)

Cavalry Division


     BG Richard Arnold
     (6,210 men)
     Arnold relieved Lee, April 18

1st Brigade


   Col Thomas J. Lucas

2nd Brigade
  • Detached at Port Hudson
3rd Brigade


   Ltc John M. Crebs

4th Brigade


   Col Edmund J. Davis

5th Brigade


   Col Oliver P. Gooding

Artillery Brigade (6 guns)


  

Unattached

Army of the Tennessee (detachment)

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BG Andrew J. Smith

XVI Corps

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Main article: XVI Corps (Union Army)


XVI Corps received approximately 1,000 replacements on April 26.[15]

XVI Corps: Army of the Tennessee (Detachment)[19]
Division Brigade Regiments and Others

1st Division


     BG Joseph A. Mower
     (4,101 men)

1st Brigade
  • On expedition from Memphis against N. B. Forrest
2nd Brigade


   Col Lucius F. Hubbard

3rd Brigade


   Col Sylvester G. Hill

3rd Division


     BG Joseph A. Mower
     (5,464 men)

1st Brigade


   Col William F. Lynch

2nd Brigade


   Col William T. Shaw

3rd Brigade


   Col Risdon M. Moore

Artillery (10 guns)


   Cpt James M. Cockefair

XVII Corps

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Main article: XVII Corps (Union Army)
XVII Corps: Army of the Tennessee (Detachment)[19]
Division Brigade Regiments and Others
Provisional Division


     BG T. Kilby Smith
     (2,052 men)

1st Brigade


   Col Jonathan B. Moore

2nd Brigade


   Col Lyman M. Ward

Artillery (4 guns)


Union naval forces

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Mississippi Flotilla

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RA David Dixon Porter

U.S. Navy Mississippi Flotilla in the Red River Expedition[20]
Warship Type Master Armament[21]
USS Benton Ironclad Lcdr James A. Greer 2 × 100-pdr PR, 8 × 9-inch, 2 × 50-pdr DR, 4 × 32-pdr
USS Carondelet Ironclad Lcdr J. G. Mitchell 2 × 100-pdr PR, 3 × 9-inch, 4 × 8-inch, 1 × 50-pdr DR,
1 × 30-pdr PR
USS Chillicothe Ironclad Ltn Joseph P. Couthouy 2 × 11-inch, 1 × 12-pdr how
USS Choctaw Ironclad Lcdr Francis M. Ramsay 1 × 100-pdr PR, 3 × 9-inch, 2 × 30-pdr PR, 2 × 12-pdr how
USS Eastport Ironclad Lcdr Seth L. Phelps 2 × 100-pdr PR, 4 × 9-inch, 2 × 50-pdr DR
USS Essex Ironclad Cmdr Robert Townsend 2 × 100-pdr PR, 6 × 9-inch, 4 × 12-pdr how
USS Lafayette Ironclad Lcdr J. P. Foster 2 × 11-inch, 2 × 9-inch, 2 × 100-pdr PR, 2 × 24-pdr how,
2 × 12-pdr how
USS Louisville Ironclad Lcdr Elias K. Owen 1 × 100-pdr PR, 4 × 9-inch, 2 × 30-pdr PR, 4 × 32-pdr
USS Mound City Ironclad Ltn A. R. Langthorne 1 × 100-pdr PR, 4 × 9-inch, 3 × 8-inch, 1 × 50-pdr DR,
1 × 30-pdr PR, 2 × 32-pdr
USS Pittsburgh Ironclad Ltn William R. Hoel 4 × 9-inch, 1 × 100-pdr PR, 2 × 30-pdr PR
USS Neosho Monitor Ltn Samuel Howard 2 × 11-inch, 2 × 12-pdr how
USS Osage Monitor Lcdr Thomas O. Selfridge Jr. 2 × 11-inch, 2 × 12-pdr how
USS Ozark Monitor Ltn George W. Brown 2 × 11-inch, 1 × 12-pdr how
USS Cricket Tinclad Mstr H. H. Gorringe 2 × 20-pdr PR, 4 × 24-pdr how, 1 × 12-pdr how
USS Gazelle Tinclad Mstr Charles Thatcher 6 × 24-pdr how
USS Juliet Tinclad Mstr J. S. Watson 6 × 24-pdr how
USS Signal Tinclad Ltn Edward Morgan 4 × 24-pdr how, 2 × 12-pdr how
USS Black Hawk Gunboat Lcdr Kidder Breese 2 × 30-pdr PR, 8 × 24-pdr how, 3 × 12-pdr how,
2 × repeating guns, 1 × Parmenter gun
USS Covington Gunboat Ltn George P. Lord 2 × 50-pdr DR, 2 × 30-pdr PR, 4 × 24-pdr how,
1 × 12-pdr how
USS Lexington Gunboat Ltn George M. Bache 4 × 8-inch, 1 × 32-pdr, 2 × 30-pdr PR
USS Fort Hindman Gunboat Ltn John Pearce 6 × 8-inch, 1 × 12-pdr how
USS Ouachita Gunboat Lcdr Byron Wilson 5 × 30-pdr PR, 18 × 24-pdr how, 16 × 12-pdr how
USS Benefit Transport Lcdr S. W. Terry none

Notes

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  1. ^ a b Official Records 1891, pp. 167–176.
  2. ^ Multiple commander names indicate succession of command.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Battles & Leaders 1987, p. 367.
  4. ^ Official Records 1891, pp. 167–168.
  5. ^ a b Official Records 1891, p. 169.
  6. ^ a b c Kiper 1976, p. 183.
  7. ^ Official Records 1891, pp. 170–171.
  8. ^ Brooksher 1998, p. 179.
  9. ^ a b Kiper 1976, p. 185.
  10. ^ Birge commanded a temporary division consisting of 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division and 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, at Monett's Ferry.
  11. ^ Official Records 1891, pp. 171–172.
  12. ^ Kiper 1976, p. 184.
  13. ^ Battles & Leaders 1987, pp. 287–288.
  14. ^ a b Official Records 1891, p. 172.
  15. ^ a b Brooksher 1998, p. 198.
  16. ^ Official Records 1891, p. 173.
  17. ^ Dyer 1908, p. 559. Warren commanded the 1st Division according to Dyer.
  18. ^ Official Records 1891, pp. 174–175.
  19. ^ a b Official Records 1891, p. 176.
  20. ^ Battles & Leaders 1987, p. 366.
  21. ^ Ripley 1970, pp. 291, 367–369. The 100-pounder rifle and 32-pounder smoothbore were 6.4-inch caliber, 24-pounder howitzer was 5.82-inch, 50-pounder rifle was 5.1-inch, 12-pounder howitzer was 4.62-inch, 30-pounder rifle was 4.2-inch, and 20-pounder rifle was 3.67-inch. The calibers of the 8-, 9-, and 11-inch smoothbores are self-explanatory.

References

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  • Battles & Leaders (1987) [1883]. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Vol. 4. Secaucus, N.J.: Castle. ISBN 0-89009-572-8.
  • Brooksher, William Riley (1998). War Along the Bayous: The 1864 Red River Campaign in Louisiana. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's. ISBN 1-57488-139-6.
  • Dyer, Frederick H. (1908). A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion: Western Departments and Armies. Des Moines, Iowa: Dyer Publishing Co. p. 559. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
  • Kiper, Richard Leslie (1976). "Dead-end at the crossroads: the battles of Mansfield (Sabine Crossroads) and Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, 8 and 9 April 1864: Master's Thesis" (PDF). Houston, Tex.: Rice University. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  • Official Records (1891). "A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies: Volume XXXIV Part I". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 167. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  • Ripley, Warren (1970). Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War. New York, N.Y.: Promontory Press. ISBN 0-88394-003-5.
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