1959 collection of memoirs of North Korean guerrillas
Reminiscences of the Anti-Japanese Guerillas (Korean : 항일 빨찌산 참가자들의 회상기 ; Hanja : 抗日 빨찌산 參加者들의 回想記 ; RR : Hangil ppaljjisan chamgajadeurui hoesanggi ; MR : Hangil ppaltchisan ch'amgajadŭrŭi hoesanggi ) is a collection of memoirs of North Korean guerillas fighting during the 1930s and 1940s in Manchuria against the Japanese . It was used as a textbook for indoctrination until it was effectively replaced by another piece of guerilla literature , Kim Il Sung 's autobiography With the Century , in the 1990s. The memoirs were written in order to portray Kim Il Sung as a national liberator, and to strengthen his cult of personality . However, the memoirs are still used as a textbook in ideological workplace study sessions, as well as in other forms of indoctrination. Many of the memoirs have been adapted as movies by the North Korean film industry .
Role of the memoirs and state propaganda [ edit ]
The Party History Institute (당력사연구소) was founded in 1958, and its collection of memoirs, Reminiscences of the Anti-Japanese Guerillas , was published in 1959, when Kim Il-sung's cult of personality was being strengthened after the August Faction Incident . These initiatives were part of the efforts to create and promote Kim Il Sung 's activities during World War II as an anti-Japanese myth.[ 3] High-ranking defector Hwang Jang-yop dated the beginning of the personality cult at the end of the 1960s, when various guerillas disappeared from North Korean partisan literature. Until the 1960s, guerillas like Eulji Mundeok , Kang Gam-chan and Lee Sun-shin were common in North Korean partisan literature. Others like Ahn Chang-ho and Shin Chae-ho were discredited.[ 4]
In the late 1960s, Kim Jong Il called back all the unofficial guerilla memoirs, and publishing them independently through news media or publishing houses was banned .[ 3] After the Kapsan Faction Incident in 1967, similar to the August Faction Incident in nature, Kim Jong Il ordered the chapters in Reminiscences of the Anti-Japanese Guerillas written by the conspirators to be deleted.[ 5] Since then, the Party History Institute would review and edit all memoirs. Hwang accused Kim Jong Il of trying to monopolize the independence struggle for the Kim family .[ 4] Jae-Cheon Lim argues that in the 1990s, the role of the memoirs as a tool for indoctrination was largely replaced by With the Century .[ 3]
The memoirs are still commonly used in daily ideological study sessions at workplaces, as they are seen as classic literature of the Workers' Party of Korea . They are also used as ideological study material in universities and in the Korean People's Army .[ 6] The memoirs are also used in annual mandatory party members' political examinations handled by the party Propaganda and Agitation Department . Repeated failures in the examinations have resulted in local officials being fired.[ 7]
In May 1959, the first volume of the memoirs was published for the first time by the Workers' Party of Korea Publishing House .[ 3] [ 8] Since then, they have been republished in numerous volumes and editions.[ 9]
In November 2003, it was announced that the Workers' Party of Korea Publishing House planned to publish 20 volumes of reminiscences by combining earlier published series Reminiscences of the Anti-Japanese Guerillas , Combat Reminiscences of Anti-Japanese Guerillas and For the Freedom and Liberation of the People . The first volume carried 27 chapters of memoirs.[ 10]
In 2012, the memoirs won the People's Prize in North Korea. Many of the memoirs have since the 1959 release been made into movies , including Comrades! Please Take This Pistol , Fighter on Mt. Chonbo and Story of An Sun Hwa .[ 11]
The memoirs have been reprinted by the University Press of the Pacific in English.[ 12] Translations exist in Finnish[ 13] and Swahili.[ 14]
Select contributors [ edit ]
The following guerillas who entered politics after the war have contributed to the series.
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An Chong-suk
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An Yong (안영)
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Chang Sang-yong
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Chi Kyong-su
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Chi Pyong-hak (지병학)
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Cho Myong-son 조명선
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Cho Tong-uk
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Choe Hyon (최현)
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Choe In-dok (최인덕)
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Choe Ki-chol
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Choe Kwang (최광)
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Choe Min-chol (최민철)
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Chon Chang-chol
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Chon Mun-sop (전문섭)
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Chon Mun-uk
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Chong Pyong-gap
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Chu To-il
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Han Ik-su
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Ho Chang-suk
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Ho Pong-hak
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Hwang Sun-hui (황순희)
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Kim Cha-rin (김자린)
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Kim Chang-bong
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Kim Chol-man
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Kim Chwa-hyok (김좌혁)
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Kim Ik-hyon
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Kim Kyong-sok
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Kim Myung-jun (김명중)
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Kim Myong-suk (김명숙)
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Kim Ok-sun
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Kim Pyong-sik
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Kim Song-guk
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Kim Tae-hong
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Kim Tong-gyu (김동규)
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Kim Yang-chun
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Kim Yo-jung
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Kim Yong-yon
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O Chae-won
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O Chin-u
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O Peak-yong (오백룡)
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Paek Hak-nim (백학림)
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Pak Kwang-son (박광선)
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Pak Kyong-suk
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Pak Song-chol
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Pak U-sop
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Pak Yong-sun (박영순)
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So Chol (서철)
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Sok San (석산)
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Son Chong-jun (손종준)
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Tae Pyong-yol
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Wang Ok-hwan
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Yi Kuk-chin
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Yi Pong-su
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Yi Tu-chan (리두찬)
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Yi Ul-sol (리을설)
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Yi Yong-gu
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Yi Yong-suk
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Yim Chol (임철)
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Yim Chun-chu
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Yu Chang-gwon
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Yun Tae-hong (윤태홍)
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^ a b c d e "Reminiscences of the anti-Japanese guerillas" . trove.nla.gov.au . National Library of Australia. Retrieved May 27, 2015 .
^ OpenLibrary.org. "Reminiscences of the anti-Japanese guerillas. (Open Library)" . openlibrary.org . Retrieved May 26, 2015 .
^ a b c d Jae-Cheon Lim (March 24, 2015). Leader Symbols and Personality Cult in North Korea: The Leader State . Routledge. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-317-56741-7 . Retrieved May 26, 2015 .
^ a b Hwang Jang Yop (2002). "The Problems of Human Rights in North Korea" . www.law.columbia.edu . Archived from the original on July 2, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2015 .
^ Jae-Cheon Lim (November 24, 2008). Kim Jong-il's Leadership of North Korea . Routledge. pp. 37–38, 44. ISBN 978-1-134-01712-6 . Retrieved July 21, 2015 .
^ "Reminiscences of Anti-Japanese Guerrillas, True Textbook of Life" . KCNA . February 2, 2006. Retrieved May 26, 2015 .
^ Robert A. Scalapino; Chong-Sik Lee (1972). Communism in Korea: The society . University of California Press. pp. 1286 –1287. ISBN 978-0-520-02274-4 .
^ "Hangil ppalch'isan ch'amgaja tûl ûi hoesanggi항일 빨치산 참가자들의 회상기" . Katalog der Bibliothek des Instituts für Sinologie (LMU) . Retrieved May 27, 2015 .
^ Robert A. Scalapino; Chong-Sik Lee (1972). Communism in Korea: The society . University of California Press. p. 771 . ISBN 978-0-520-02274-4 .
^ "Reminiscences of Anti-Japanese Guerrillas Vol. 1 Reprinted" . KCNA . November 13, 2003. Retrieved May 26, 2015 .
^ "Study of Reminiscences Brisk in DPRK" . KCNA . April 3, 2012. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2015 .
^ "ISBN 9781410220615 - Reminiscences of the Anti-Japanese Guerillas" . upcitemdb.com . Retrieved May 26, 2015 .
^ "Japanilaisvastaisten sissien muistelmia (Book, 1973) [WorldCat.org]" . worldcat.org . Retrieved May 26, 2015 .
^ "Kumbukumbu za wapiganaji wa msituni dhidi ya waJapani (Book, 1969) [WorldCat.org]" . worldcat.org . Retrieved May 26, 2015 .