Researches on Manchu Origins
| Researches on Manchu Origins | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 滿洲源流考 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 满洲源流考 | ||||||
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| Mongolian name | |||||||
| Mongolian script | ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠦᠰᠯᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠠᠷᠺᠬᠢ ᠰᠦᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠠ | ||||||
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| Manchu name | |||||||
| Manchu script | ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠᠰᠠᡳ ᡩᠠ ᠰᡝᡴᡳᠶᡝᠨ ᡳ ᡴᡳᠮᠴᡳᠨ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ | ||||||
| Abkai | Manjusai da sekiyen-i kimqin bithe | ||||||
| Möllendorff | Manjusai da sekiyen-i kimcin bithe | ||||||
Researches on Manchu Origins, also known as Manzhou Yuanliu Kao, is an important history book published by the Qing dynasty government in 1777. The Qianlong Emperor sponsored its compilation with the goal of legitimizing Qing rule, as well as identifying the Qing as a successor to the Jin dynasty (1115–1234).[1] The Manzhou Yuanliu Kao also bolstered Qianlong's conception of the Manchu people as a wu, or martial race.[2]
It consists of 4 parts: Manchu tribes, territory, topography (mountains and rivers), and culture. Pamela Kyle Crossley analyses it as the apex of the Qing dynasty's attempt at "documentary institutionalisation" of Manchu heritage and from it, Manchu ethnic identity.[3] Researches on Manchu Origins contained a list of corrections of transcribed Jurchen language words found in the History of Jin in Chapter 135, using the Manchu language to correct them, in Chapter 18.[4]
Contents
[edit]Manzhou Yuanliu Kao was compiled from the perspective of the Manchu ruling class, breaking away from the historical record of librarians by the Han-centric view. It is a document that shows the ethnicity that they have had since ancient times, from the Jurchen tribes to the Manchu tribes. The lineages of Jurchens and Manchus are continued in Buyeo, Samhan, Baekje, Silla, Sushen, Balhae,[5][6] and Jurchen by era.
House of Aisin-Gioro
[edit]The Aisin-Gioro traced its ancestry to Bukūri Yongšon, a legendary warrior of the thirteenth century. Emperor Hongtaiji claimed that Bukūri Yongšon was conceived from a virgin birth. According to the legend, three heavenly maidens, Enggulen, Jenggulen, and Fekulen, were bathing at a lake called Bulhūri Omo near the Paektu Mountain. A magpie dropped a piece of red fruit near Fekulen, who ate it. She then became pregnant with Bukūri Yongšon. However, this legend belongs to another Manchu clan, the Hurha (Hurka).[7][8]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Smith, Richard (2015). The Qing Dynasty and Traditional Chinese Culture. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 80.
- ^ Roy, Kaushik; Lorge, Peter (2014). Chinese and Indian Warfare – From the Classical Age to 1870. Routledge. p. 231.
- ^ Crossley, Pamela Kyle (November 1987). "Manzhou yuanliu kao and the Formalization of the Manchu Heritage". Journal of Asian Studies. 46 (4): 761–790. doi:10.2307/2057101. JSTOR 2057101. S2CID 162618002.
- ^ 金史/卷135 滿洲源流考/卷18 Archived 2016-10-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 孟森. 淸史講義. p. 8.
- ^ Huang, P. New Light on the origins of the Manchu. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. p. 239~282.
- ^ Pamela Kyle Crossley (15 February 2000). A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology. University of California Press. pp. 198–. ISBN 978-0-520-92884-8.
- ^ Huang, Pei (1990). "New Light on The Origins of The Manchus". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 50 (1): 239–282. doi:10.2307/2719229. JSTOR 2719229.
- Huang, Pei (1990). "New Light on The Origins of The Manchus". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 50 (1): 239–282. doi:10.2307/2719229. JSTOR 2719229.