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Saat Bhai Champa

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For the Indian television series, see Saat Bhai Champa (TV series).

Saat Bhai Champa (Bengali: সাত ভাই চম্পা,[1] Sāt Bhāi Champā)[2] or Sat Bhai Chompa is a popular folk tale in the Bengal region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent.[3] The story was first officially published by Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumder in the book Thakurmar Jhuli in 1907. The introduction to Thakurmar Jhuli was written by Nobel-Laureate, Rabindranath Tagore. A more detailed version of the story was published by Bishnu Dey under the name "Sat Bhai Champa" in 1944.[4]

Plot

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Once upon a time, there lived a king. The king was not able to produce any heir to the throne through his three wives. The king was depressed and spent large amount of time by himself in the forest. A priest in the forest saw the king's misery and gave him mangoes of bearing. The priest instructed the king to feed the fruits to his wives and then they would conceive children. The king gave his three wives the fruits as instructed by the priest. Two elder queens did not produce any children, as they ate it with disbelief. However, the younger queen gave birth to octuplets: seven boys and one girl, when the king was on a voyage. The elder queens became jealous and buried the babies in the garden before the younger queen gained consciousness from pregnancy. The babies magically blossom into seven champak flowers and a trumpet flower. The last baby, the girl, was born some time after first seven babies in a time when the elder queens left the room with seven babies and this enabled the maid to hide the baby from the elder queens and named the child Parul. Elder queens, then, placed seven puppies on the younger queen's bedside and claimed the queen gave birth to seven puppies. Parul grew up in the forest. After learning her origin from her maid, she helped to revive her brothers into princes.

Variants

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In a Bengali variant of the story, published by author Geeta Majumdar with the title The Story of The Seven Brothers and a Sister, a nameless rajah has seven wives, the oldest named Premlata and the youngest Sulata. After a long time of praying to God for a child, the youngest queen, Sulata, becomes pregnant. The other six queens become jealous and enraged at the youngest's luck and conspire against her. When the time of labor is upon Sulata, her eight children - seven boys and a girl - are taken from her and thrown in a hole in the garden, and animals are put in their place. The king sees the animals in the cradle and banish Sulata. Some time later, the king's gardener finds a champa tree in the garden with beautiful flowers. He tries to pluck some to give the king, but the flowers move about the branch. The gardener summons the king to witness the strange occurrence. When the king himself tries to get one of the eight flowers on the branch, the flowers move out of reach and a voice tells him to summon the eldest queen. She comes and notices the champa tree sprouted where she and the other queens buried the children. She fails to get any flower. This happens to the other five queens, until the voice tells them to summon Sulata. The disgraced queen, now wearing tatters and looking emaciated, is brought to the champa tree. When she tries to get the flowers, her seven sons come out of the champa buds and her daughter from the parul bud. The king learns of the truth and condemns Premlata and the other queens to be buried alive in a pit filled with thorns and brambles.[5]

In a West Bengali tale published by author Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury with the title Seven Champa Brothers and Sister Parul, a king has seven queens, the first six arrogant, but the youngest demure and loved best by the king. One day, the seventh queen is pregnant, which fuels the bitter jealousy of the co-queens. The king gives her a bell at the end of a cord to ring if she needs something, but the seventh queen rings it too many times, which annoys the king. Finally, the she gives birth to eight children, seven boys and a girl, who are taken by the co-queens and buried under a dung heap, and replaced by puppies and a kitten. The king, seeing the little animals, banishes the seventh queen to the menial position of cleaning the cowshed. Back to the children, eight trees sprout: seven Champak or Champa flower trees, and one Parul flower. Some time later, the king's gardener tries to pluck the flowers, but the trees begin to speak and call for the co-queens to come. They also cannot get the flowers. The king himself comes and also cannot takes the flowers. Lastly, the disgraced queen comes and plucks the flowers; her children come back to life.[6]

Another variant of the story has it that seven babies turned into seven puppies.

Translations

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The tale was translated by Francis Bradley Bradley-Birt into English as The Seven Brothers who were turned into Champa Trees and published in 1920 in the book Bengal Fairy Tales.[7] Author Sayantani DasGupta published the tale as The Seven Brothers Champak.[8]

The tale was also translated into French as Les Sept Fleurs de Champaka et la Fleur de Paroul ("The Seven Champaka Flowers and the Parul Flower"), and published in 1923.[9]

Indologist Heinz Mode [de] and Arun Ray translated the tale into German as Die sieben Champakabrüder ("The Seven Champaka Brothers").[10]

Analysis

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Tale type

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According to Types of Indic Oral Tales, established by folklorists Stith Thompson and Warren Roberts to classify South Asian tales, the story belongs to tale type 707, The Three Golden Sons, wherein the a queen gives birth to children, who are taken from her by jealous co-wives and buried in the garden; the siblings then transform into trees whose flowers only their mother can pluck.[11][12] The Indic tale corresponds to tale type ATU 707, "The Three Golden Children", of the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index. In their joint work, researcher Noriko Mayeda and Indologist W. Norman Brown listed Bradley-Birt's translation as belonging to the same type, under a form that appears locally in India: the children of a slandered queen are stolen and killed, but reincarnate into flowers.[13] Heinz Mode and Arun Ray also classified the tale they translated as type ATU 707.[14]

Arts

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Sat-Bhai Champa by Gaganendranath Tagore; c. 20th-century, watercolour, 34 × 25 cm, Victoria Memorial, Kolkata.

Sat-Bhai Champa painting by Gaganendranath Tagore is considered a masterpiece in contemporary Indian arts.[15] The painting is currently located at Academy of Fine Arts of Calcutta.

Adaptations

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Several Bengali film have been made based on the Saat Bhai Champa story, including:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Āśrāpha, Siddikī (1977). Śubha nabarsha (in Bengali). Bāṃlādeśā Baighara. p. 56.
  2. ^ Mode, Heinz [in German]; Ray, Arun (1992). Bengalische Märchen [Bengali Fairy Tales] (in German). Frankfurt: Insel Verlag. p. 470. ISBN 3458163395.
  3. ^ Mitra, Bansari. The Renovation of Folktales by Five Modern Bengali Writers. Anthropological Survey of India, 2002. p. 69.
  4. ^ Guha, Bimal (2012). "De, Bishnu". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  5. ^ Majumdar, Geeta. Folk Tales of Bengal. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1960. pp. 17-23.
  6. ^ Roy Choudhury, Pranab Chandra. Best Loved Folk Tales of India. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 1999. pp. 285-287.
  7. ^ Bradley-Birt, Francis Bradley; and Abanindranath Tagore. Bengal Fairy Tales. London: John Lane, 1920. pp. 150–152.
  8. ^ DasGupta, Sayantani (1995). The Demon Slayers and Other Stories: Bengali Folk Tales. Interlink Books. pp. 75–78. ISBN 978-1-56656-156-3.
  9. ^ Chatterji, Tapanmohan. Sous Les Manguiers: Légendes du Bengale. Andrée Karpelès (Traduction). Paris: Editions Bossard, 1923. pp. 51-59.
  10. ^ Mode, Heinz [in German]; Ray, Arun (1992). Bengalische Märchen [Bengali Fairy Tales] (in German). Frankfurt: Insel Verlag. pp. 345–349. ISBN 3458163395.
  11. ^ Thompson, Stith; Roberts, Warren Everett (1960). Types of Indic Oral Tales: India, Pakistan, And Ceylon. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia. pp. 95-96 (section III).
  12. ^ Āśrāpha, Siddikī (1977). Śubha nabarsha (in Bengali). Bāṃlādeśā Baighara. p. 56. ষ্টি থম্পসন কৃত টাইপ ইনডেক্স গ্রন্থে গল্পটির টাইপ নং হ'ল १०१ (707) ... [The story [Saat Bhai Champa] is type 707 in the Stith Thompson Index...]
  13. ^ Mayeda, Noriko; Brown, W. Norman. Tawi Tales; Folk Tales From Jammu. American Oriental Society New Haven, Connecticut, 1974. pp. 543-544.
  14. ^ Mode, Heinz [in German]; Ray, Arun (1992). Bengalische Märchen [Bengali Fairy Tales] (in German). Frankfurt: Insel Verlag. p. 470. ISBN 3458163395.
  15. ^ "Academy of Fine Arts". indfy.com. Retrieved 2010-03-17.
  16. ^ "Top 10 Bangladeshi Films". British Film Institute. 2007-07-17. Archived from the original on 2009-05-27. Retrieved 2015-10-17.
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