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Sara Gwendolen Foulke

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Sara Gwendolen Foulke
Born(1863-06-26)26 June 1863
Bala Farm, Chester County, Pennsylvania
Died13 December 1936(1936-12-13) (aged 73)
NationalityAmerican
Other namesGwendolen Foulke Andrews; Richard De Veaux
Occupation(s)zoologist, marine biologist and poet
Known forresearch into protoplasm
Notable workThe Living Substance as such: and as Organism; The poems of Richard De Veaux.

Sara Gwendolen Foulke (26 June 1863 – 13 December 1936) was an American zoologist, marine biologist and poet. She worked on microscopic water inhabiting animals and her obituary described her work as "genius."

Biography

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Foulke was born at Bala Farm, Chester County, Pennsylvania, to Julia DeVeaux Powel (daughter of John Hare Powel) and her husband, William Parker Foulke.[1][2] She was initially educated at private schools and subsequently attended Bryn Mawr College and the University of Pennsylvania.[1][2] Further into her career she studied and undertook research at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and at the Station biologique de Roscoff.[1]

During the 1880s, Foulke focused her research on infusoria and rotifers, microscopic water inhabiting animals.[2] She published a number of scientific articles on the subject.[1][3] She also assisted Edward Potts by providing scientific illustrations for his publication Fresh water sponges; a monograph.[4] Later she became interested in investigating the behaviour and form of protoplasm.[1] In 1897, Foulke published an article titled The Living Substance as such, and as Organism in the Journal of Morphology.[5][1] This article was initially criticised.[5][6] Later in life Foulke developed an interest in child and animal psychology.[2] However, by the time of her death, this work was regarded by her obituary writer Henry Van Peters Wilson, as a work of "genius".[1]

Death and publication of her book of poetry

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Foulke died on 13 December 1936 at the age of 73 due to a heart attack at her home in Baltimore.[1] After her death, her husband published her poems in a two volume set under her pseudonym Richard De Veaux.[7][2]

Family

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In 1894 Foulke was married to biologist Ethan Allen Andrews.[1] The couple had three children.[8]

Selected publications

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wilson, H. V. (26 February 1937). "Sara Gwendolen Andrews". Science. 85 (2200): 213. doi:10.1126/science.85.2200.213.a. ISSN 0036-8075.
  2. ^ a b c d e Mary R. S. Creese (2000). Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research. Scarecrow Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-585276-84-7. OL 656059M. Wikidata Q99481460.
  3. ^ Gill, Theodore (1884). "Zoology". Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 1884: 590–592 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  4. ^ Potts, Edward.; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Vejdovský, Frantisek, 1849-1939 (1887), Fresh water sponges; a monograph, Illustrator: Sara Gwendolen Foulke, Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences, doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.12143, OCLC 3734026, OL 23300581M, Wikidata Q51397896{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b F. A. D. (February 1898). "The Living Substance as such, and as Organism". Nature. 57 (1477): 362–363. Bibcode:1898Natur..57..362F. doi:10.1038/057362a0. hdl:2027/hvd.hc4wns. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 36953109.
  6. ^ "A Living Substance as Such, and as Organism". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. XXX (7): 390. 12 February 1898. doi:10.1001/jama.1898.02440590050022. ISSN 0098-7484.
  7. ^ "The poems of Richard De Veaux". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 14 (2): 270–271. June 1939 – via Internet Archive.
  8. ^ "Sara Gwendolen Foulke". www.familysearch.org. 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.