Sikhism by country
Most of the 25-30 million followers of Sikhism, the world's fifth-largest religion live in the northern Indian state of Punjab, the only Sikh-majority administrative division on Earth,[1][2][3][4][5][6] but Sikh communities exist on every inhabited continent. Sizeable Sikh populations in countries across the world exist in India (20,833,116),[7] Canada (771,790),[8] England (520,092),[9] the United States (~280,000),[30] Italy (~220,000), and Australia (210,400), while countries with the largest proportions of Sikhs include Canada (2.12%),[8] India (1.56%), Cyprus (1.1%)[31][32] England (0.92%),[9][33] New Zealand (0.87%), and Australia (0.83%).
Administrative divisions with significant proportions of Sikhs include Punjab, India (Sikhs account for 58 percent of the population), Chandigarh, India (13.1 percent), British Columbia, Canada (5.9 percent),[8] Haryana, India (4.9 percent), Delhi, India (3.4 percent), West Midlands, England (2.9 percent), Manitoba, Canada (2.7 percent),[8] Alberta, Canada (2.5 percent),[8] Uttarakhand, India (2.3 percent), and Ontario, Canada (2.1 percent).[8] Meanwhile, cities outside India with the largest Sikh populations are Brampton, Ontario, Canada (163,260),[34] Surrey, British Columbia, Canada (154,415),[35] and London, England (144,543).[36]
At 93.33% Sikh, Tarn Taran is the world's most Sikh district or county.[37] Located in the heart of the Majha region of Punjab founded by Guru Arjan Dev - the 5th Sikh guru, [38] Tarn Taran also hosts the world's largest sarovar (sacred pool)[39] even surpassing the great Darbar Sahib - Golden Temple in the neighbouring Amritsar district.
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Countries
[edit]The figures on the table below are either based on each of the country's respective censuses or are calculated by specific organizations. Some of these figures are rounded off. In case of conflicting estimates, both the lowest and highest estimates are included.
Region | Country | No. of Sikhs | Sikh % | % of all Sikhs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Central Asia | ![]() |
140 (2022 est.)[40] | 0% | 0% |
South America | ![]() |
300 families (2012 est.)[41] | 0% | 0% |
Central Europe | ![]() |
9,000 (2020 est.)[42] | 0.04% | 0.04% |
Oceania | ![]() |
210,400 (2021 census)[43] | 0.83% | 0.9% |
South Asia | ![]() |
20 families (2012 est.)[44] | 0% | 0% |
Western Europe | ![]() |
10,000 (2020 est.)[45] | 0.09% | 0.04% |
South America | ![]() |
300 (2018 est.)[46] | 0% | 0% |
North America | ![]() |
771,790 (2021 census)[8] | 2.12% | 3.31% |
Southern Europe | ![]() |
13,280 (2020 est.)[31][32] | 1.07% | 0.06% |
Northern Europe | ![]() |
4,000 (2019 est.)[47] | 0.07% | 0.02% |
Oceania | ![]() |
2,577 (2007 census)[48] | 0.31% | 0.01% |
Western Europe | ![]() |
30,000 (2017 est.)[49] | 0.04% | 0.13% |
Western Asia | ![]() |
200 (2018 est.)[50] | 0.01% | 0% |
Central Europe | ![]() |
18,000 (2017 est.)[51] | 0.02% | 0.08% |
Southern Europe | ![]() |
20,000 (2015 est.)[52] | 0.19% | 0.09% |
East Asia | ![]() |
12,000 (2021 est.)[53] | 0.16% | 0.05% |
Northern Europe | ![]() |
100 (2013 est.)[54] | 0.03% | 0% |
South Asia | ![]() |
20,833,116 (2011 census) | 1.72% | 89.27% |
Southeast Asia | ![]() |
15,000 (2009 est.)[55] | 0.01% | 0.06% |
Western Europe | ![]() |
2,183 (2022 census)[56] | 0.04% | 0.01% |
Southern Europe | ![]() |
220,000 (2022 est.)[70] | 0.37% | 0.94% |
East Africa | ![]() |
6,000 (2013 est.)[71] | 0.01% | 0.03% |
Middle East | ![]() |
15,000 (2021 est.)[72] | 0.35% | 0.06% |
Southeast Asia | ![]() |
100,000 (2016 est.)[73] | 0.3% | 0.43% |
South Asia | ![]() |
609 (2011 census)[74] | 0% | 0% |
Western Europe | ![]() |
15,000 (2022 est.)[75] | 0.08% | 0.06% |
Oceania | ![]() |
40,908 (2018 census)[76] | 0.87% | 0.18% |
Northern Europe | ![]() |
4,080 (2020 est.)[77] | 0.08% | 0.02% |
Middle East | ![]() |
33,704 (2020 est.)[78] | 0.75% | 0.14% |
South Asia | ![]() |
15,998 (2023 Census)[64] | 0.01% | 0.07% |
Central America | ![]() |
302 (2020 est.)[32] | 0.01% | 0% |
Southeast Asia | ![]() |
28,436 (2020 est.)[32] | 0.03% | 0.12% |
Southern Europe | ![]() |
35,000 (2020 est.)[79] | 0.34% | 0.15% |
Middle East | ![]() |
6,700 (2021 est.)[80] | 0.02% | 0.03% |
Southeast Asia | ![]() |
12,051 (2020 census)[81] | 0.35% | 0.05% |
Southern Africa | ![]() |
13,000 (2020 est.)[82] | 0.02% | 0.04% |
Southern Europe | ![]() |
26,000 (2020 est.)[83] | 0.05% | 0.11% |
Northern Europe | ![]() |
4,000 (2020 est.)[83] | 0.04% | 0.02% |
Southeast Asia | ![]() |
70,000 (2005 est.)[84] | 0.1% | 0.3% |
Central America | ![]() |
150 (2022 est.)[85] | 0.01% | 0% |
East Africa | ![]() |
2,400 (2021 est.)[86] | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Middle East | ![]() |
52,000 (2022 est.)[87] | 0.56% | 0.22% |
Western Europe | ![]() |
524,529 (2021 census)[9][88][89] | 0.85% | 2.25% |
North America | ![]() |
280,000 (2021 est.)[110] | 0.08% | 1.2% |
Total | 23,336,631[a] | 0.3% | 100% |
Census Data
[edit]As a religious minority, Sikhs have fought long and hard to get official status and to be counted in many countries across the world. Through the efforts of Sikh organisations and communities in their respective countries, there is now readily available population data on Sikhs as part of the census in the following territories:
Country | Sikh Religion | Sikh Ethnicity (single response) |
Sikh Ethnicity (multiple response) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Pop. | % | Year | Pop. | % | Year | Pop. | % | Year | |
![]() |
4th | 20,833,116 | 1.72% | 2011[111] | ||||||
![]() |
4th | 771,790 | 2.12% | 2021[8] | 194,640 | 0.54% | 2021[112] | |||
![]() |
4th | 520,092 | 0.92% | 2021[9] | 98,666 | 0.17% | 2021[113] | |||
![]() |
48,321 | 0.01% | 2020[114][115][116] | 70,697 | 0.02% | 2020[117][118][119] | ||||
![]() |
5th | 210,400 | 0.83% | 2021[120] | 60,501 | 0.24% | 2021[121] | |||
![]() |
5th | 40,908 | 0.87% | 2018[76] | 105 | 0% | 2018[122] | 192 | 0% | 2018[123] |
![]() |
15,998 | 0.01% | 2023[64] | |||||||
![]() |
6th | 12,051 | 0.35% | 2020[81] | ||||||
![]() |
6th | 11,124 | 0.02% | 2010[124] | ||||||
![]() |
5th | 10,988 | 0.20% | 2022[125] | 873 | 0.02% | 2011[126] | |||
![]() |
5th | 4,048 | 0.13% | 2021[9] | 683 | 0.02% | 2021[127] | |||
![]() |
4th | 2,577 | 0.31% | 2007[128] | ||||||
![]() |
6th | 2,183 | 0.04% | 2022[129] | ||||||
![]() |
7th | 1,496 | 0.01% | 2021[130] | ||||||
![]() |
6th | 389 | 0.02% | 2021[131] | 43 | 0% | 2021[132] | |||
![]() |
182 | 0.01% | 2022 [133] | |||||||
![]() |
7th | 3 | 0.01% | 2011[134] |
Note: Official statistics do not count unregistered arrivals or those who have not completed the census or surveys. However, they do provide for a much more accurate depiction of Sikh communities as opposed to estimates from various Sikh organisations whose estimates can vary vastly with no statistically valuable source. Thus, official statistics and census data is highly important and Sikh communities continue to push for census inclusion in many countries where they are still not counted.
Country | Native Born[135] | % | Foreign Born[136] | % | Data |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
296,673 | 57.0% | 223,419 | 43.0% | 2021 |
![]() |
236,400 | 30.6% | 535,390 | 69.4% | 2021 |
![]() |
51,939 | 24.9% | 157,940 | 75.1% | 2021 |
![]() |
8,369 | 69.5% | 3,682 | 30.5% | 2020 |
![]() |
2,431 | 60.1% | 1,617 | 39.9% | 2021 |
Canada has the largest Sikh population outside India, though this is largely due to the foreign born that were born outside Canada numbering 500,000+. Looking at the native born population, England ranks number 1 as having the largest number born in the diaspora.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%25_Sikh_by_National_Subdivision.png/220px-%25_Sikh_by_National_Subdivision.png)
Largest proportions
[edit]Canada 2.12%[8][137]
India 1.72%[142]
Cyprus 1.1%[31][143]
United Kingdom 0.88%[144]
New Zealand 0.88%[145]
Australia 0.83%[146][147]
Oman 0.75%[78]
UAE 0.56%[148]
Italy 0.37%[156]
Singapore 0.35% [62]
Depiction of early Sikh immigration to Canada (Whitehorse, Yukon). Circa 1906.
Largest populations
[edit]India 23,786,000[160]
Canada 771,790[8][137]
United Kingdom 524,000[161]
United States ~280,000[182]
Australia 210,400[146][147]
Italy 210,000 [190]
Malaysia 100,000[191][192][193]
Thailand 70,000[194]
United Arab Emirates 52,000[195]
Philippines 50,000[196][197]
New Zealand 40,908[198]
Oman 35,540[78]
Portugal 35,000[199]
France 30,000[200]
Spain 26,000[201]
Germany 25,000[202]
Greece 20,000[203]
Pakistan 15,998[64]
Netherlands 15,000 [204]
Kuwait 15,000[205][206]
Hong Kong 15,000[207]
Cyprus 13,280[31][208]
Singapore 12,051[209]
Indonesia 10,000[210]
Belgium 10,000[211]
Austria 10,000[212]
Subnational divisions
[edit]Administrative division | 2021[8][36][64][213][214][215][c] | |
---|---|---|
Pop. | % | |
![]() |
16,004,754 | 57.69% |
![]() |
1,243,752 | 4.91% |
![]() |
872,930 | 1.27% |
![]() |
643,500 | 0.32% |
![]() |
570,581 | 3.4% |
![]() ![]() |
300,435 | 2.14% |
![]() ![]() |
290,870 | 5.92% |
![]() |
236,340 | 2.34% |
![]() |
232,585 | 1.9% |
![]() |
223,247 | 0.2% |
![]() ![]() |
172,398 | 2.9% |
![]() |
151,412 | 0.21% |
![]() ![]() |
146,614 | 0.37% |
![]() ![]() |
144,543 | 1.64% |
![]() |
138,329 | 13.11% |
![]() ![]() |
103,600 | 2.48% |
![]() ![]() |
91,745 | 1.41% |
![]() |
79,896 | 1.16% |
![]() ![]() |
74,348 | 0.8% |
![]() |
71,422 | 0.22% |
![]() |
70,036 | 0.27% |
![]() |
63,523 | 0.07% |
![]() |
58,246 | 0.1% |
![]() ![]() |
53,950 | 1.11% |
![]() ![]() |
47,165 | 0.58% |
![]() ![]() |
35,470 | 2.71% |
![]() ![]() |
31,496 | 0.16% |
![]() |
30,340 | 0.09% |
![]() |
28,773 | 0.05% |
![]() ![]() |
27,713 | 0.54% |
![]() ![]() |
24,284 | 0.38% |
![]() ![]() |
24,034 | 0.44% |
![]() |
23,832 | 1.52% |
![]() ![]() |
23,345 | 0.28% |
![]() |
21,991 | 0.05% |
![]() |
20,672 | 0.07% |
![]() ![]() |
18,583 | 0.7% |
![]() ![]() |
17,316 | 0.22% |
![]() ![]() |
17,259 | 0.97% |
![]() ![]() |
15,417 | 0.17% |
![]() |
14,753 | 0.01% |
![]() |
14,601 | 0.02% |
![]() ![]() |
11,862 | 0.16% |
![]() ![]() |
10,777 | 0.04% |
![]() |
9,904 | 0.02% |
![]() ![]() |
9,055 | 0.17% |
![]() ![]() |
9,035 | 0.82% |
![]() ![]() |
7,465 | 0.13% |
![]() ![]() |
7,206 | 0.27% |
![]() ![]() |
6,812 | 0.1% |
![]() ![]() |
6,792 | 0.08% |
![]() ![]() |
5,809 | 0.06% |
![]() ![]() |
5,649 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
5,182 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
5,087 | 0.04% |
![]() |
4,842 | 1.57% |
![]() ![]() |
4,730 | 0.49% |
![]() ![]() |
4,354 | 0.03% |
![]() ![]() |
4,323 | 0.95% |
![]() |
4,074 | 0.89% |
![]() ![]() |
4,050 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
4,048 | 0.13% |
![]() ![]() |
4,013 | 0.06% |
![]() |
3,814 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
3,517 | 0.03% |
![]() |
3,287 | 0.24% |
![]() |
3,045 | 0.1% |
![]() |
2,973 | 0.5% |
![]() ![]() |
2,379 | 0.03% |
![]() ![]() |
2,359 | 0.01% |
![]() |
2,263 | 0.83% |
![]() ![]() |
2,208 | 0.4% |
![]() ![]() |
2,177 | 0.03% |
![]() ![]() |
2,173 | 0.02% |
![]() |
1,890 | 0.1% |
![]() |
1,868 | 0.31% |
![]() ![]() |
1,780 | 0.23% |
![]() |
1,647 | 0.32% |
![]() |
1,527 | 0.05% |
![]() |
1,473 | 0.1% |
![]() ![]() |
1,431 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
1,424 | 0.04% |
![]() ![]() |
1,412 | 0.02% |
![]() ![]() |
1,401 | 0.6% |
![]() |
1,347 | 0.81% |
![]() ![]() |
1,324 | 0.02% |
![]() |
1,286 | 0.34% |
![]() ![]() |
1,165 | 0.77% |
![]() ![]() |
1,130 | 0.03% |
![]() ![]() |
1,118 | 0.04% |
![]() |
1,070 | 0.03% |
![]() ![]() |
1,057 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
850 | 0.17% |
![]() ![]() |
690 | 0.02% |
![]() ![]() |
519 | 0.01% |
![]() |
510 | 0.23% |
![]() ![]() |
460 | 0.02% |
![]() ![]() |
456 | 0.01% |
![]() |
447 | 0.19% |
![]() |
389 | 0.07% |
![]() ![]() |
389 | 0.02% |
![]() ![]() |
385 | 0.97% |
![]() ![]() |
385 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
365 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
349 | 0.04% |
![]() ![]() |
341 | 0.01% |
![]() |
315 | 0.18% |
![]() |
297 | 0.02% |
![]() ![]() |
289 | 0% |
![]() |
286 | 0.03% |
![]() ![]() |
242 | 0.01% |
![]() |
234 | 0.2% |
![]() |
210 | 0.22% |
![]() ![]() |
190 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
182 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
182 | 0% |
![]() |
171 | 0.36% |
![]() ![]() |
163 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
147 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
143 | 0.01% |
![]() |
123 | 0.26% |
![]() ![]() |
110 | 0.27% |
![]() |
102 | 0.2% |
![]() ![]() |
91 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
75 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
60 | 0% |
![]() |
51 | 0.1% |
![]() ![]() |
44 | 0% |
![]() |
33 | 0.1% |
![]() ![]() |
28 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
28 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
16 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
16 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
12 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
12 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
12 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
10 | 0.03% |
![]() |
8 | 0.01% |
![]() ![]() |
4 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
0 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
0 | 0% |
![]() ![]() |
0 | 0% |
Sub-districts
[edit]A sub-district is a local administrative division known as different names in respective countries: called tehsils in India, electoral districts in Canada and wards in England. These are smaller than counties or districts and consist of neighbourhoods and suburbs. Newton, Surrey is the only Sikh majority sub-district outside India with Sikhs representing 51.5% of the population in 2021.[226] There are however, a number of other neighbourhoods outside India where Sikhs form the largest group (plurality).
Sub-District (Neighbourhood) | Division | Nation | % Sikh |
---|---|---|---|
Newton - Surrey | British Columbia | ![]() |
51.5% |
Blakenhall - Wolverhampton | West Midlands | ![]() |
40.7% |
Brampton East - Peel | Ontario | ![]() |
40.4% |
Southall Green - Ealing | London | ![]() |
36.8% |
Heston West - Hounslow | London | ![]() |
31.8% |
Lady Margaret - Ealing | London | ![]() |
28.2% |
Pinkwell - Hillingdon | London | ![]() |
26.5% |
Norwood Green - Ealing | London | ![]() |
26.2% |
Municipalities
[edit]-
Gurudwara Bangla Sahib is located in Delhi. India's capital and second-largest city with nearly 20 million inhabitants, Delhi was home to 570,581 Sikhs at the 2011 census, the largest municipal Sikh population in the world.
Municipality | Sikh population | Total population | Sikh proportion % | Largest religious group |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
570,581 | 16,787,941 | 3.4% | Hindu (81.68%) |
![]() |
556,431 | 1,159,227 | 48% | Hindu (49.36%) |
![]() |
465,393 | 1,618,879 | 28.75% | Hindu (65.96%) |
![]() |
185,869 | 868,929 | 21.39% | Hindu (74.9%) |
![]() |
178,336 | 446,246 | 39.96% | Hindu (57.22%) |
![]() |
163,260 | 650,165 | 25.11% | Christian (35.72%) |
![]() |
154,415 | 562,565 | 27.45% | Christian (30.24%) |
![]() |
144,543 | 8,799,728 | 1.64% | Christian (40.66%) |
![]() |
138,329 | 1,055,450 | 13.11% | Hindu (80.78%) |
![]() |
100,139 | 446,246 | 35.04% | Hindu (62.61%) |
![]() |
85,983 | 166,864 | 51.53% | Sikh (51.53%) |
![]() |
85,286 | 4,917,750 | 1.73% | Christian (40.14%) |
![]() |
82,456 | 163,397 | 50.46% | Sikh (50.46%) |
Historical Demographics
[edit]The Afghan Sikh population declined from between 200,000 and 500,000 (1.8% to 4.6% of the Afghan population) in the 1970s[241][242][243][244][245] to 45 in 2022 following decades of conflict.
Country | 2021 | 2011 | 2001 | Change (2011-2021) | Change (2001-2011) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ± | +% | ± | +% | |
![]() |
20,833,116 | 1.72% | 19,237,391 | 1.87% | 1,595,725 | 8.29% | ||||
![]() |
771,790 | 2.12% | 454,965 | 1.38% | 278,410 | 0.94% | 316,825 | 69.64% | 176,555 | 63.42% |
![]() |
520,092 | 0.92% | 420,196 | 0.79% | 327,343 | 0.63% | 99,896 | 23.77% | 92,853 | 28.37% |
![]() |
269,986 | 0.08% | 189,242 | 0.06% | 119,740 | 0.04% | 80,744 | 42.67% | 69,502 | 58.04% |
![]() |
210,397 | 0.83% | 72,296 | 0.34% | 17,437 | 0.09% | 138,101 | 191.02% | 54,859 | 314.61% |
![]() |
40,908[d] | 0.87% | 19,191[e] | 0.45% | 5,199 | 0.14% | 21,717 | 113.16% | 13,992 | 269.13% |
![]() |
4,208 | 0.08% | 2,975 | 0.06% | ||||||
![]() |
4,048 | 0.13% | 2,962 | 0.10% | 2,015 | 0.07% | 1,086 | 947 | ||
![]() |
1,496 | 0.01% | 609 | 0.00% | 887 | |||||
![]() |
<500? | <0.1% | 2,540[f] | 0.3% | 3,067[g] | 0.4% | -527 | -17.18% | ||
![]() |
389 | 0.02% | 216 | 0.01% | 219 | 0.01% | 173 | -3 | ||
![]() |
3 | 0.01% |
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
[288][289][140][290][291][250][251][8][252][253][278][215][217][292][h][i][j][k][l][m][n][295][296]
See also
[edit]General:
Notes
[edit]- ^ Total of countries listed above. List last totaled on 11 June 2023.
- ^ Sikhs comprise 1.7% (23,786,052) of India's total population of 1,399,179,585 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.[157]
- ^ 2011 census data for India,[158] 2011 census data for Scotland,[216] 2018 census data for New Zealand,[217] 2020 census data for United States,[221] and 2022 census data for Bihar.[222][223][224]
- ^ 2018 census
- ^ 2013 census
- ^ 2007 census
- ^ 1996 census
- ^ According to Singh, there were at least 2 lakh Sikhs and Hindus (in a 60:40 ratio) in Afghanistan until the 1970s.[241]
- ^ “If you go through the evidence and data from the 1970s to date, you will be able to see how drastically their population has fallen,” says Ehsan Shayegan, an Afghan researcher with Porsesh Research and Studies Organization studying the minority religions of Kabul. “In the 70s, there were around 700,000 Hindus and Sikhs, and now they are estimated to be less than 7,000,” Shayegan says... “In 1992, they were a 220,000-strong community, just before the start of the civil war in Kabul. It was also around the same time that our problems started,” he says.[242]
- ^ An investigation by TOLOnews reveals that the Sikh and Hindu population number was 220,000 in the 1980's. That number dropped sharply to 15,000 when the mujahideen was in power during the 1990's and remained at that level during the Taliban regime. It is now estimated that only 1,350 Hindus and Sikhs remain in the country.[244]
- ^ In the late 1980s, there were about 500,000 Sikhs scattered across Afghanistan, many here for generations[245]
- ^ “There were over two lakh (200,000) Sikhs just in Kabul in the 1980s,” Mr Singh says. Today, there are about 7,000 Sikhs and Hindus throughout the whole of Afghanistan.[243]
- ^ Singh explained 800 of his community families still lived in Kabul, Kandahar, Ghazni, Helmand, Nangarhar, Kunduz and Balkh provinces.[293]
- ^ Over the years, Afghan Sikhs and the Hindu population have dwindled from nearly 700,000 in the 1970s to less than a few hundred, today. “We are about 70 to 80 families who are left in all over Afghanistan. It used to be many more, but as of today, we are maybe 400 to 450 adults and about 100 to 200 children. So we are not more than a total of 700,” Sutaka said, trying hard to keep a steady tone.[294]
References
[edit]- ^ "Sikhs in America".
- ^ "'Big moment': Indian Sikhs on historic pilgrimage to Pakistan".
- ^ "1984 Marks 'One of the Darkest Years' in Modern Indian History: US Senator".
- ^ "FAKE ALERT: Sidhu wrongly quotes Sikh population as 14 crores". The Times of India. 11 November 2019.
- ^ "Sikhism".
- ^ "Nearly 10 million Sikhs have lost their religion because of this organisation". 12 May 2016.
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
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- ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "About Sikhs". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "H. RES. 275 - 118th Congress (2023-2024)". United States Congress. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "Sikhism Reporter's Guide". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
- ^ "The Sikh Community Today". Harvard University. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
- ^ "American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance". Religion News Service. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.
- ^ "Sikhs in America:A History of Hate". ProPublica. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.
- ^ "April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month". State of Michigan Office of the Governor. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;
- ^ "Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
- ^ "A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.
- ^ [20][21][22][23][24][25]
- ^ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". Pew Research Center. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "2020 National Sikh American Survey: Key Findings". Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "DP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[10] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[11] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[12] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[13] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[14][15] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[16][17][18] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[19][26] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[27][28][29]
- ^ a b c d "Religious Freedom in the World. Report 2021" (PDF). acninternational.org. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
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- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Surrey, City (CY) British Columbia [Census subdivision] Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ^ a b "TS030 - Religion Edit query". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
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- ^ https://www.sikhnet.com/news/bliss-tarn-taran SikhNet. Retrieved: 30 July 2023
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- ^ "Afghanistan's last Sikhs in a dilemma: To stay or leave". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- ^ Duttagupta, Ishani. "How Simmarpal Singh helped Olam become one of the top players in peanuts in Argentina". The Economic Times.
- ^ "Why Sikhism as registered religion in Austria matters". Times of India. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
- ^ "Australian Bureau of Statistics : 2021 Census of Population and Housing : General Community Profile" (XLSX). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ "Of Kara, kirpan and kesh: The 500-year-old Sikh community of Bangladesh". The Business Standard. 25 March 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
- ^ Montes, Enrico Castro; Goddeeris, Idesbald (7 July 2020). "Hinduism in Belgium". Handbook of Hinduism in Europe (2 vols). Brill. pp. 849–863. doi:10.1163/9789004432284_031. ISBN 9789004432284. S2CID 236835206 – via brill.com.
- ^ "Brazilian Sikhs visit Golden Temple, plead for gender equality". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
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Sikhs, 25,000 (2020)....The "German Information Center for Sikh Religion, Sikh History, Culture and Science (DISR)" estimates the number of Sikhs in Germany at 18,000 for 2017
- ^ Lavin, Talia (26 April 2015). "Vibrant Vaisakhi Celebrates Sikh Life In Greece". Huffington Post.
The Sikh community in Greece, numbered at around 20,000 according to a 2012 report, joined together to mark the holy day
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- ^ "Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News.
it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia.
- ^ "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan.
That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
- ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022.
About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
- ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation.
About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
- ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News.
Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
- ^ a b c d "The Continuing Struggle for Religious Freedom by Italy's Sikh Community". The Wire.
It is estimated that there are around 220,000 Sikh migrants in Italy. The community, however, has been largely invisible to native Italians. The majority of Sikhs are dairy workers, living far from the cities, and settled mainly in the farms of north and central Italy.
- ^ a b c d "How the recent Punjabi migration to Spain & Italy is a departure for the diaspora". The Economic Times. 29 July 2018.
The total number of Indians in Italy has now crossed 200,000, making it the largest Indian diaspora in continental Europe and far greater than the 30,000 estimated in Spain. This Indian contingent is mainly made up of Punjabi Jat Sikhs.
- ^ a b c d e f g "How Sikhs saved the Italian cheese industry". Global Indian.
Today, Italy has the largest Sikh population in Europe, only second to the United Kingdom, with an estimated number of 220,000
Cite error: The named reference ":2" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756.
According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
- ^ a b c "Why the Indian government must help Italian Sikhs". Hindustan Times.
Up to 150,000 Sikhs now live there, making it the largest Sikh Community in Europe after the one in Britain
- ^ "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown.
Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air
- ^ a b c "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today.
About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
- ^ a b c Tebano, Elena. "Prayer at dawn, zero crime: this is how Sikhs live in Italy, after the sentence of the Cassation". Corriere Della Sera.
The vegan diet, the cult, the traditions. Customs and symbols of the 150,000 faithful of the religion born in India who now live in the Bel Paese
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Religion(s): There are ten religious categories reported in the census 2011. Hindu is followed by 81.3 percent (21,551,492) of the population followed by Buddhism (9%; 2,396,099), Islam (4.4%; 1,162,370), Kirat (3.1%; 807,169), Christianity (1.4%; 375,699), Prakriti (0.5%; 121,982), Bon (13,006), Jainism (3,214), Bahai (1,283) and Sikhism (609).
- ^ Lawrence, Mary (22 May 2022). "Het licht van God zien in de ander, daar gaat het om bij de sikhs" [Seeing the light of God in the other, that's what the Sikhs are all about]. Trouw. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
In Nederland wonen zo'n 15.000 sikhs, die hier sinds de jaren zestig vanuit Afghanistan, Pakistan en India kwamen, op zoek naar werk of op de vlucht voor de Sovjets, de Taliban of de geradicaliseerde aanhangers van Indira Gandhi, nadat zij in 1984 door haar sikhlijfwacht was vermoord. Ons land telt inmiddels negen gurdwara's. [Some 15,000 Sikhs live in the Netherlands, who have come here from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India since the 1960s, looking for work or fleeing the Soviets, the Taliban or the radicalized followers of Indira Gandhi, after they were killed in 1984. her Sikh bodyguard had been killed. Our country now has nine gurdwaras.]
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Sikhs (35,000), In recent years, the number of Indians (especially from Punjab/Haryana) has increased significantly owing to the easing of immigration norms by Portugal. However, since many of them do not have valid residency documents, official figures are not available.
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- ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "About Sikhs". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "H. RES. 275 - 118th Congress (2023-2024)". United States Congress. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "Sikhism Reporter's Guide". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
- ^ "The Sikh Community Today". Harvard University. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
- ^ "American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance". Religion News Service. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.
- ^ "Sikhs in America:A History of Hate". ProPublica. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.
- ^ "April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month". State of Michigan Office of the Governor. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;
- ^ "Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
- ^ "A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.
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- ^ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". Pew Research Center. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
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- ^ "DP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[90] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[91] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[92] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[93] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[94][95] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[96][97][98] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[99][106] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[107][108][109]
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Sikh Population: 3 Persons
- ^ Those born in England, Canada, Australia, Singapore.
- ^ Those born outside England, Canada, Australia, Singapore.
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- ^ Barwiński, Marek; Musiaka, Łukasz (2019). "The Sikhs – religion and nation. Chosen political and social determinants of functioning". Studia Z Geografii Politycznej I Historycznej. 8: 167–182. doi:10.18778/2300-0562.08.09. hdl:11089/38783. S2CID 226730777 – via ResearchGate.
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- ^ a b c Puri, Harish K. (June–July 2003). "Scheduled Castes in Sikh Community: A Historical Perspective". Economic and Political Weekly. 38 (26). Economic and Political Weekly: 2693–2701. JSTOR 4413731.
- ^ "Total fertility rate down across all communities | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 8 May 2022.
- ^ The Indian Sikh population grew from 16,420,685 to 19,237,391 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 2,816,706 or 17.15%. It further rose from 19,237,391 to 20,833,116 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 1,595,725 or 8.29%.[138][139][140] Assuming the Indian Sikh population growth rate continues to decline at the same rate, which is likely since Sikhs have the lowest birth rate across all Indian religious groups, the Indian Sikh population would grow by 4.01% between 2011 and 2021, or from 20,833,116 to 21,668,524.[141]
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- ^ "Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News.
it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia.
- ^ "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan.
That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
- ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022.
About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
- ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation.
About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
- ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News.
Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
- ^ Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756.
According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
- ^ "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown.
Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air
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- ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "About Sikhs". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "H. RES. 275 - 118th Congress (2023-2024)". United States Congress. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "Sikhism Reporter's Guide". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
- ^ "The Sikh Community Today". Harvard University. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
- ^ "American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance". Religion News Service. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.
- ^ "Sikhs in America:A History of Hate". ProPublica. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.
- ^ "April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month". State of Michigan Office of the Governor. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;
- ^ "Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
- ^ "A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.
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- ^ "2020 National Sikh American Survey: Key Findings". Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "DP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[162] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[163] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[164] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[165] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[166][167] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[168][169][170] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[171][178] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[179][180][181]
- ^ "Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News.
it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia.
- ^ "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan.
That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
- ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022.
About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
- ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation.
About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
- ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News.
Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
- ^ Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756.
According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
- ^ "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown.
Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air
- ^ [183][184][185][186][187][62][63][64][188][66][189][68][69]
- ^ "Gobind Singh Deo is Malaysia's first Sikh minister". The Economic Times.
Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population.
- ^ "Malaysia gets first Sikh minister". WION.
Miri Indian Association president, Councillor Karambir Singh was quoted as saying by the Borneo Post. Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population
- ^ "On the Gurdwara Trail in Malaysia: A Spiritual Experience". SikhNet. 20 January 2023.
The Malaysian Sikh community is the fourth largest ethnic group of Malaysian Indians. It is estimated that over 100,000 Sikhs reside in Malaysia. The Sikh population is the largest here among Southeast and East Asia.
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- ^ Gokulan, Dhanusha. "Sikhs in UAE hail country's year of 'respect, inclusion'". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ "Punjabi community involved in money lending in Philippines braces for 'crackdown' by new President". The Indian Express. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
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Sikhs (35,000), In recent years, the number of Indians (especially from Punjab/Haryana) has increased significantly owing to the easing of immigration norms by Portugal. However, since many of them do not have valid residency documents, official figures are not available.
- ^ "France's Sikh Minority Looks Set to Vote Against Marine Le Pen". The Wire. 6 May 2017.
- ^ Garha, Nachatter Singh (6 February 2020). "Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges". Religions. 11 (2): 76. doi:10.3390/rel11020076.
- ^ "Mitgliederzahlen: Sonstige - REMID - Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e.V." remid.de (in German). Retrieved 16 August 2017.
Sikhs, 25,000 (2020)....The "German Information Center for Sikh Religion, Sikh History, Culture and Science (DISR)" estimates the number of Sikhs in Germany at 18,000 for 2017
- ^ Lavin, Talia (26 April 2015). "Vibrant Vaisakhi Celebrates Sikh Life In Greece". Huffington Post.
The Sikh community in Greece, numbered at around 20,000 according to a 2012 report, joined together to mark the holy day
- ^ Lawrence, Mary (22 May 2022). "Het licht van God zien in de ander, daar gaat het om bij de sikhs" [Seeing the light of God in the other, that's what the Sikhs are all about]. Trouw. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
In Nederland wonen zo'n 15.000 sikhs, die hier sinds de jaren zestig vanuit Afghanistan, Pakistan en India kwamen, op zoek naar werk of op de vlucht voor de Sovjets, de Taliban of de geradicaliseerde aanhangers van Indira Gandhi, nadat zij in 1984 door haar sikhlijfwacht was vermoord. Ons land telt inmiddels negen gurdwara's. [Some 15,000 Sikhs live in the Netherlands, who have come here from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India since the 1960s, looking for work or fleeing the Soviets, the Taliban or the radicalized followers of Indira Gandhi, after they were killed in 1984. her Sikh bodyguard had been killed. Our country now has nine gurdwaras.]
- ^ "Kuwait To Seek Closure of "Illegal" Sikh Temple". Outlook India. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Pinto, Christina (14 August 2019). "Sikh Gurdwara discovered by 'intrepid' local reporter". TimesKuwait. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ "Hong Kong stories: Getting to know the city's Sikh community". Young Post. 31 July 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ "National Profiles". thearda.com. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ Kaur, Arunajeet (2008). The Evolution of the Sikh Identity in Singapore. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. pp. 275–297. ISBN 978-981-230-755-2. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ "Orang-orang Sikh di Indonesia". kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 January 2023.
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- ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[218] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[219] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion,[220] indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population. Similarly, the Sikh American populations can be estimated using census data.
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- ^ Note: As of 2021, Canadian electoral districts are the smallest sub-districts available, they are large neighbourhoods in comparison to English wards that are smaller in population. There is no smaller neighbourhood statistics in Canada which explains the lack of Canadian sub-districts in table - as smaller neighbourhoods are more likely to have larger presence of minorities. For data clarity, all available neighbourhood sub-district data (large or small) have been merged. English ward details: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/articles/buildacustomareaprofile/2023-01-17 Canadian electoral district details: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E
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- ^ a b Ruchi Kumar (19 October 2017). "Afghan Hindus and Sikhs celebrate Diwali without 'pomp and splendour' amid fear". Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ a b "Nearly 99% Of Hindus, Sikhs Left Afghanistan in Last Three decades". 21 June 2016. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ a b Friel, Terry (20 January 2007). "Afghanistan's hated Sikhs yearn for India". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
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- ^ Barwiński, Marek; Musiaka, Łukasz (2019). "The Sikhs – religion and nation. Chosen political and social determinants of functioning". Studia Z Geografii Politycznej I Historycznej. 8: 167–182. doi:10.18778/2300-0562.08.09. hdl:11089/38783. S2CID 226730777.
- ^ "sikh-population-as-per-census". Retrieved 29 December 2022.
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- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (23 December 2013). "Religion (13) and Age Groups (8) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (23 January 2019). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Religion (108), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
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- ^ a b The United States Census does not ask about religious affiliation.[254] Sikh organizations estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 750,000.[255][256] Before the United Kingdom Census started asking about religion in 2001, Sikh organizations estimated the British Sikh population to be as high as 750,000, but the 2001 census found the British Sikh population to be only 336,149.[257][258][253][259][260][261] Thus, population figures by Sikh organizations are likely overestimates. A comprehensive 2012 survey by the Pew Research Center estimated that 1% of Asian Americans and 5% of Indian Americans are Sikhs,[262] which would yield a Sikh population of approximately 200,000 in 2012 and 290,000 in 2021.[263][264] The most comprehensive way to estimate the Sikh American population is by comparing to the Punjabi American population.[265] Out of the 4,060,554 Americans who spoke a South Asian language at home in 2021, 318,588, or 7.85%, spoke Punjabi at home. This indicates that Punjabi Americans make up 7.85% of the South Asian American population of 5,492,692, and thus number 430,952.[266][267][268][269][270] This matches with a comprehensive 2020 survey of Indian Americans by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, which found that 8% of Indian Americans were Punjabi.[271] Using this same method, the populations of Punjabi Canadians, English Punjabis, and Punjabi Australians can be estimated at 1,146,900, 931,671, and 319,377 respectively, using language data from censuses conducted in 2021 in those nations.[272][273][274] Those nations also ask about religion in their censuses, with there being 771,790 Sikh Canadians, 520,092 English Sikhs, and 210,400 Sikh Australians in 2021.[275][276][277]Thus, the Sikh population was about 62.65% of the Punjabi population in those three countries combined. Using this ratio, the American Sikh population can be estimated at 269,986 in 2021. This ratio can also be used to estimate Sikh populations of American states, counties, and communities using population data of Punjabi speakers.
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