Stabat Mater (Pergolesi)
| Stabat Mater | |
|---|---|
| by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi | |
 Autograph from the third movement | |
| Catalogue | P. 77 |
| Text | Stabat Mater |
| Language | Latin |
| Composed | 1736 |
| Movements | 12 |
| Vocal | soprano and alto soloists |
| Instrumental | |
Stabat Mater (P.77)[1] is a musical setting of the Stabat Mater sequence, composed by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi in 1736.[2] Composed in the final weeks of Pergolesi's life,[3] it is scored for soprano and alto soloists, violin I and II, viola and basso continuo.
The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Benedictine Abbey of Monte Cassino.
Background[edit]
Many pieces which were said to have been composed by Pergolesi have been misattributed; the Stabat Mater is definitely by Pergolesi, as a manuscript in his handwriting has been preserved.[4] The work was composed for a Neapolitan confraternity, the Cavalieri della Vergine dei Dolori di San Luigi al Palazzo,[5] which had also commissioned a Stabat Mater from Alessandro Scarlatti.[6] Pergolesi composed it during his final illness from tuberculosis in a Franciscan monastery in Pozzuoli, along with a Salve Regina setting,[2][3] and finished it shortly before he died.
Reception[edit]
The Stabat Mater is one of Pergolesi's most celebrated sacred works, achieving great popularity after the composer's death.[7][8] Jean-Jacques Rousseau showed appreciation for the work, praising the opening movement as "the most perfect and touching duet to come from the pen of any composer".[9] Many composers adapted the work, including Giovanni Paisiello, who extended the orchestral accompaniment,[10] and Joseph Eybler, who added a choir to replace some of the duets. Bach's Tilge, Höchster, meine Sünden is a parody cantata based on Pergolesi's composition.
The work was not without its detractors. Padre Martini criticised its light, operatic style in 1774, and believed it was too similar to Pergolesi's comic opera La serva padrona to adequately deliver the pathos of the text.[11]
Structure[edit]
The work is divided into twelve movements, each named after the incipit of the text. Much of the music is based on Pergolesi's earlier setting of the Dies irae sequence.[4]
- "Stabat Mater Dolorosa", Grave, F minor, common time; duet
- "Cujus animam gementem", Andante amoroso, C minor, 3/8; soprano aria
- "O quam tristis et afflicta", Larghetto, G minor, common time; duet
- "Quae moerebat et dolebat", Allegro, E-flat major, 2/4; alto aria
- "Quis est homo", Largo, C minor, common time; duet
- —"Pro peccatis suae gentis", Allegro, C minor, 6/8
- "Vidit suum dulcem natum", Tempo giusto, F minor, common time; soprano aria
- "Eja mater fons amoris", Andantino, C minor, 3/8; alto aria
- "Fac ut ardeat cor meum", Allegro, G minor, cut common time; duet
- "Sancta mater, istud agas", Tempo giusto, E-flat major, common time; duet
- "Fac ut portem Christi mortem", Largo, G minor, common time; alto aria
- "Inflammatus et accensus", Allegro ma non troppo, B-flat major, common time; duet
- "Quando corpus morietur", Largo assai, F minor, common time; duet
- —"Amen..." Presto assai, F minor, cut common time
Recordings[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, 1710-1736 : a thematic catalogue of the Opera Omnia, with an appendix listing omitted compositions. Marvin E. Paymer (New York : Pendragon Press, 1977).
- ^ a b Sadie, Julie Ann (1998). Companion to Baroque Music. University of California Press. p. 75. ISBN 9780520214149.
- ^ a b Randel, Don M. (1996). The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Harvard University Press. p. 681. ISBN 9780674372993.
- ^ a b Andriessen, Louis; Schönberger, E. (2006). The Apollonian Clockwork: On Stravinsky. Amsterdam University Press. p. 66. ISBN 9789053568569.
- ^ Van Boer, Bertil H. (2012). Historical Dictionary of Music of the Classical Period. Scarecrow Press. p. 435. ISBN 9780810873865.
- ^ "Giovanni Battista Pergolesi". Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ Will, Richard (2004). "Pergolesi's Stabat Mater and the Politics of Feminine Virtue" (PDF). The Musical Quarterly. 87 (3): 570–614. doi:10.1093/musqtl/gdh021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
- ^ Steinberg, Michael (2006). Choral Masterworks: A Listener's Guide. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 115. ISBN 9780198029212.
- ^ Brook, Barry S. (1983). Pergolesi: research, publication and performance. The present state of studies on Pergolesi and his times. November 18–19, 1983, Jesi, Italy. ISBN 9780918728791.
- ^ "Giovanni Paisiello". Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ Heighes, Simon. "Giovanni Battista Pergolesi". BBC Music Magazine. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
Further reading[edit]
- Grave, Floyd K. (Spring 1977). "Abbé Vogler's Revision of Pergolesi's Stabat Mater". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 30 (1): 43–71. doi:10.2307/831129. JSTOR 831129.
- Richard Wagner's revue critique of Pergolesi's Stabat Mater: Wagner, Richard (January 1994). "Pergolesi's Stabat Mater". Pilgrimage to Beethoven and Other Essays. U of Nebraska Press. p. 102. ISBN 0803297637.
- An IMSLP-hosted scan of Pergolesi's manuscript, viewed here 15.6MB
External links[edit]
- Stabat Mater (Pergolesi): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Free scores of Stabat Mater (Pergolesi) in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- Pergolesi Stabat Mater Video of a historical performance of the Stabat Mater on original instruments by the ensemble Voices of Music using original baroque instruments.
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