Stichting Oud Politieke Delinquenten
The Stichting Oud Politieke Delinquenten ("Foundation of Former Political Delinquents"; abbreviated SOPD) was a Dutch right-wing organization founded by and for formerly jailed and convicted war criminals, who had collaborated with the German occupiers during World War II. The SOPD was the first and the largest of the collaborationist organizations in the country, "numbering perhaps a hundred former internees."[1][2]
Foundation and dissolution[edit]
The SOPD was founded in 1951 by Jan Hartman, formerly of the NSB,[3] the fascist party that allied itself with the German Nazi movement after the occupation of the Netherlands in 1940. Hartman became the organization's secretary. A co-founder was the lawyer Jan Wolthuis, another former NSB member who had been a justice of the peace in Arnhem during the German occupation,[3] essentially an NSB appointment to a political office meant to render Anton Mussert immune from prosecution and to handle infractions committed by NSB matters.[4][5][6]
The organization was "tolerated" by the Dutch government, but a political party, founded by SOPD member Paul van Tienen, was not. Van Tienen, an associate of Swedish fascist Per Engdahl, had founded a Dutch chapter of Engdahl's European Social Movement, the Werkgemeenschap Europa in de Lage Landen ("Working Community Europe in the Low Countries"), in 1951. He merged this group with the SOPD to form "the first post-war extreme-right party in the Netherlands", the Nationaal Europese Sociale Beweging ("National European Social Movement").[7] The party had numbered between 100 and 400 members, all "old comrades", and was banned in 1954 by a Dutch court on the basis of a 1944 decree signed by Queen Wilhelmina, the "Resolution concerning the Dissolution of Treasonable Organisations",[1][7] a decision confirmed by the Supreme Court of the Netherlands in 1955.[2]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Schans, Wil van der (2011-07-12). Monitor Racisme and Extremisme: Extreemrechts in Amsterdam. Amsterdam UP. p. 17. ISBN 9789085550495. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ a b Art, David (2011-02-21). Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge UP. p. 78. ISBN 9780521720328. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ a b Roos, Jan de; Roos-Van Rooden, Thea (2010). Moed en overmoed: een biografie van burgemeester Dirk Frans Pont. Uitgeverij Verloren. pp. 193 n.14. ISBN 9789087041847. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ Geus, Machteld de (1995). "Vrederechtspraak in Nederland". In G. Aalders (ed.). Oorlogsdocumentatie '40-'45: zesde jaarboek van het Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie. Zutphen: Walburg. pp. 48–86. ISBN 9789056120078.
- ^ Venema, Derk (2007). Rechters in oorlogstijd: De confrontatie van de Nederlandse rechterlijke macht met nationaal-socialisme en bezetting (PDF). Nijmegen: Radboud University. p. 259.
- ^ Venema, Derk (2003-03-20). "De bewaking van het recht tijdens de Duitse bezetting". In P. P. T. Bovend'Eert; L. E. de Groot-van Leeuwen; Thomas Johannes Marie Mertens (eds.). De Rechter bewaakt: over toezicht en rechters. Kluwer. pp. 207–30. ISBN 9789026840883. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ a b Mudde, Cas (2003-02-22). The Ideology of the Extreme Right. Manchester UP. pp. 117–18. ISBN 9780719064463. Retrieved 1 May 2012.