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Sunan Yugur Autonomous County

Coordinates: 38°50′19″N 99°37′07″E / 38.83861°N 99.61861°E / 38.83861; 99.61861
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Sunan County
肃南县
肃南裕固族自治县
Sunan Yugur Autonomous County
Sunan gate, on the Chinese Yugur Scenic Corridor
Sunan gate, on the Chinese Yugur Scenic Corridor
Sunan in Zhangye
Sunan in Zhangye
Zhangye in Gansu
Zhangye in Gansu
Sunan is located in Gansu
Sunan
Sunan
Location of the seat in Gansu
Sunan is located in China
Sunan
Sunan
Sunan (China)
Coordinates: 38°50′19″N 99°37′07″E / 38.83861°N 99.61861°E / 38.83861; 99.61861
CountryChina
ProvinceGansu
Prefecture-level cityZhangye
County seatHongwansi [zh]
Area
 • Total20,176.7 km2 (7,790.3 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total27,762
 • Density1.4/km2 (3.6/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
734400
Websitewww.gssn.gov.cn
Sunan Yugur Autonomous County
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese肅南裕固族自治縣
Simplified Chinese肃南裕固族自治县
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinSùnán Yùgùzú Zìzhìxiàn
other Mandarin
Xiao'erjingسُ‌نًا یُوِقُ‌زُو زِجِ‌ثِیًا
Tibetan name
Tibetanསུའུ་ནན་ཡུས་ཀུའུ་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་རྫོང་།
Transcriptions
Wyliesuʼu nan yus kuʼu rigs rang skyong rdzong
Tibetan PinyinSunain Yügurig Ranggyongzong
Mongolian name
Mongolian CyrillicСүнань ёгорын үндэстний өөртөө засах шянь
Mongolian scriptᠰᠦᠨᠠᠨᠢ ᠶᠣᠭᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ
Transcriptions
SASM/GNCsüneni yogor ündüsüten-ü öbertegen ǰasaꭓu siyan

Sunan Yugur Autonomous County (Chinese: 肃南裕固族自治县) is an autonomous county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhangye, Gansu Province, China, bordering Qinghai province to the south. It is home to the majority of the Yugur ethnic group. The seat of government is in the town of Hongwansi [zh] (红湾寺镇).

The autonomous county spans an area of 20,176.7 square kilometres (7,790.3 sq mi), and is home to a total population of 39,283 as of 2021.[2] The autonomous county is ethnically diverse, with large populations of Han Chinese, Yugurs, and Tibetans, with none comprising a majority.[2]

Sunan Yugur Autonomous County consists of three separate areas: Mínghua District, situated in the plains in the northwest, and Huángcheng District, situated in the mountains in the southeast, are separated from the main part of the county.[citation needed]

Toponymy

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The autonomous county's name refers to its location to the south (Chinese: ; pinyin: nán) of Suzhou (Chinese: 肃州; pinyin: Sùzhōu), the former name of Jiuquan.[2]

History

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Sunan Yugur Autonomous County was established in 1954.[2]

Geography

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Sunan Yugur Autonomous County is located in the middle portion of the Hexi Corridor, along the northern foot of Qilian Mountains.[2] The autonomous county is particularly long and narrow, extending just 120 kilometres (75 mi) to 200 kilometres (120 mi) from north to south, but spans over 650 kilometres (400 mi) from east to west.[2]

The autonomous county is bordered by Bairi Tibetan Autonomous County to the east and Subei Mongol Autonomous County to the west.[2] The autonomous county's northern border is formed by Liangzhou District, Suzhou District, Jiayuguan, and Yumen from east to west.[2] Sunan Yugur Autonomous County is bordered by Menyuan Hui Autonomous County of Qinghai to the south.

The physical geography of the region includes many mountains, canyons, and alluvial plains.[2] The southern portion of the autonomous county is more mountainous, while the northern portion includes more plains.[2] Elevation within Sunan Yugur Autonomous County ranges from 1,327 metres (4,354 ft) to 5,564 metres (18,255 ft) above sea level, with an average elevation of about 3,200 metres (10,500 ft) above sea level.[2] Prominent mountains within the autonomous county include Suzhu Lian (Chinese: 素珠链; pinyin: Sùzhū Liàn) and the July 1 Glacier.[2] Major rivers that flow through Sunan Yugur Autonomous County include the Ruo Shui, the Shiyang River, and the Shule River.[2]

Climate

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Sunan Yugur Autonomous County has an semi-arid alpine climate, with cold winters and cool summers.[2] The average temperature in the autonomous county is 4.2 °C (39.6 °F), with cooler regions in the northwest averaging −3.0 °C (26.6 °F), and warmer regions in the southeast averaging 8.0 °C (46.4 °F).[2] There is more precipitation in summer months than winter months.[2] The average annual precipitation in the autonomous county is 267.1 millimetres (10.52 in), with drier regions in the northwest averaging about 100 millimetres (3.9 in), and wetter regions in the southeast averaging about 500 millimetres (20 in).[2] The autonomous county has short frost-free periods, and a high amount of sunshine.[2]

Climate data for Sunan, elevation 2,312 m (7,585 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.7
(58.5)
20.3
(68.5)
21.4
(70.5)
28.3
(82.9)
28.5
(83.3)
30.2
(86.4)
33.4
(92.1)
30.9
(87.6)
30.0
(86.0)
24.7
(76.5)
20.1
(68.2)
16.5
(61.7)
33.4
(92.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.9
(30.4)
2.1
(35.8)
7.0
(44.6)
13.3
(55.9)
17.9
(64.2)
21.6
(70.9)
23.5
(74.3)
22.5
(72.5)
18.2
(64.8)
12.2
(54.0)
5.8
(42.4)
0.8
(33.4)
12.0
(53.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.6
(14.7)
−6.4
(20.5)
−0.8
(30.6)
6.0
(42.8)
11.0
(51.8)
15.3
(59.5)
17.2
(63.0)
15.8
(60.4)
11.2
(52.2)
4.3
(39.7)
−2.4
(27.7)
−8.0
(17.6)
4.5
(40.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −15.9
(3.4)
−12.7
(9.1)
−6.8
(19.8)
0.0
(32.0)
4.7
(40.5)
9.5
(49.1)
11.7
(53.1)
10.3
(50.5)
5.8
(42.4)
−1.3
(29.7)
−8.1
(17.4)
−14.2
(6.4)
−1.4
(29.4)
Record low °C (°F) −25.8
(−14.4)
−23.5
(−10.3)
−21.1
(−6.0)
−14.9
(5.2)
−8.5
(16.7)
−0.2
(31.6)
4.1
(39.4)
2.1
(35.8)
−4.9
(23.2)
−13.8
(7.2)
−21.5
(−6.7)
−27.2
(−17.0)
−27.2
(−17.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.0
(0.08)
2.2
(0.09)
5.8
(0.23)
12.2
(0.48)
33.1
(1.30)
44.9
(1.77)
68.3
(2.69)
52.5
(2.07)
35.1
(1.38)
10.5
(0.41)
3.4
(0.13)
2.1
(0.08)
272.1
(10.71)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.9 3.7 4.9 6.2 9.4 11.4 14.7 14.3 9.6 5.2 3.5 3.5 90.3
Average snowy days 5.4 5.7 7.2 6.1 2.3 0.1 0 0 0.2 3.9 4.8 5.1 40.8
Average relative humidity (%) 44 41 41 40 44 50 57 59 57 50 47 45 48
Mean monthly sunshine hours 227.0 217.4 242.4 250.6 260.4 240.3 234.7 228.0 220.6 248.7 233.9 223.9 2,827.9
Percent possible sunshine 74 71 65 63 59 54 52 55 60 73 79 77 65
Source: China Meteorological Administration[3][4]

Administrative divisions

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Sunan Yugur Autonomous County is divided into 3 towns, 2 townships, 3 ethnic townships and 2 other township-level divisions.[5] These township-level divisions then, in turn, administer 102 village-level divisions.[2]The town of Hongwansi [zh] serves as the seat of government.[2]

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Administrative division code Notes
Towns
Hongwansi [zh] 红湾寺镇 Hóngwānsì Zhèn 620721100
Huangcheng [zh] 皇城镇 Huángchéng Zhèn 620721101
Kangle [zh] 康乐镇 Kānglè Zhèn 620721102
Townships
Dahe Township 大河乡 Dàhé Xiāng 620721203
Minghua Township [zh] 明花乡 Mínghuā Xiāng 620721204
Ethnic townships
Mati Tibetan Ethnic Township [zh] 马蹄藏族乡 Mǎtí Zàngzú Xiāng 620721200 (Tibetan)
མཱ་ཐིས་བོད་རིགས་ཞང་།
mā this bod rigs zhang
Mati Poirig Xang[6][better source needed]
Qifeng Tibetan Ethnic Township [zh] 祁丰藏族乡 Qífēng Zàngzú Xiāng 620721205 (Tibetan)
ཆུའུ་ཧྥིན་བོད་རིགས་ཞང་།
chuʼu hphin bod rigs zhang
Qufin Poirig Xang[6][better source needed]
Baiyin Mongol Ethnic Township [zh] 白银蒙古族乡 Báiyín Ménggǔzú Xiāng 620721202 (Mongolian)
ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ
bayan moŋɣol ündüsüten-ü sumu[6][better source needed]
Township-level divisions
Gansu Provincial Sheep Breeding Farm [zh] 甘肃省绵羊育种场 Gānsù Miányáng Yùzhǒngchǎng 620721500
Zhangye Baopinghe Ranch [zh] 张掖宝瓶河牧场 Zhāngyè Bǎopínghé Mùchǎng 620721501

Demographics

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As of 2021, Sunan Yugur Autonomous County has a population of 39,283, an increase of 25 people from 2020.[2] This figure is up from 35,869 in 1999,[7] and 35,500 in 1993.[8] The autonomous county recorded 14,932 households that year, down 56 from 2020, giving it an average household size of 2.63 people.[2]

Ethnic groups

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Sunan Yugur Autonomous County is an ethnically diverse area. No single ethnic group comprises a majority of its population as of 2021.[2] The largest ethnic groups in the autonomous county are the Han Chinese, Yugurs, and Tibetans.[2] Other groups with sizable populations within the autonomous county include the Hui, the Monguor, and the Mongols.[8] A large amount of ethnic Tibetans lived in the now-defunct Xishui Tibetan Ethnic Township.[9]

Ethnic composition
1993[8] 2021[2]
Ethnic group Population Percentage Population Percentage
Han Chinese 16,976 47.82% 16,693 42.49%
Yugur 8,825 24.86% 10,684 27.20%
Tibetan 8,393 23.64% 10,323 26.28%
Hui 614 1.73% N/A N/A
Monguor 356 1.00% N/A N/A
Mongol 316 0.89% N/A N/A
Others 20 0.06% 1,583 4.03%

Historic ethnic composition

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Ethnic composition by administrative division (1993)[8]
Towns and Townships Total Yugur Han Tibetan Hui Monguor Mongol
Total 35500 8825 16976 8393 614 356 316
Hongwansì Town 5637 1193 3568 754 48 38 24
Huangcheng Town 7408 1486 3530 2037 193 145 12
Beitan Township 1504 456 818 168 49 2 11
Dongtan Township 2052 578 1333 36 100 4 0
Huajian Township 1509 29 928 477 33 38 0
Mayíng Township 650 419 215 16 0 0 0
Yangxiang Township 1693 4 236 1340 11 101 1
Mati Town 5265 43 2801 2343 28 35 15
Daquangou Township 1974 8 1442 524 0 0 0
Dadouma Township 2034 21 1142 815 8 35 13
Xishui Township 1257 14 217 1004 20 0 2
Kangle Town 4466 1831 2057 196 170 63 257
Baiyin Township 831 28 556 29 9 0 218
Hongshiwo Township 1655 1156 404 45 4 8 38
Qinglong Township 1456 267 889 98 146 55 0
Yangge Township 524 380 108 24 11 0 1
Dahe Town 5802 2131 3174 260 162 72 4
Jiucaigou Township 1729 1103 561 28 32 1 4
Lamawan Township 1149 74 1038 0 29 8 0
Shuiguan Township 618 336 170 111 1 0 0
Xuequan Township 2306 618 1404 121 100 63 0
Minghua Town 2418 2088 307 19 0 1 2
Minghai Township 1052 1002 47 1 0 0 1
Lianhua Township 890 779 93 17 0 0 1
Qiantan Township 476 307 167 1 0 1 0
Qifeng District 3408 50 558 2787 8 2 2
Qílian Township 1088 3 77 1007 0 1 0
Qílin Township 654 7 67 580 0 0 0
Qíwen Township 1181 40 374 760 4 1 2
Qiqing Township 485 0 40 440 4 0 0
Nomads 1096 3 1082 6 5 0 0

Economy

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Sunan Yugur Autonomous County had a total gross domestic product (GDP) of 3.306 billion renminbi (RMB) as of 2021, an increase of 5.8% from 2020.[2] Of this, the primary sector constituted 829 million RMB (25.08% of total GDP), an increase of 7.2% from 2020; the secondary sector totaled 1.244 billion RMB (37.63% of total GDP), an increase of 5.2% from 2020; the tertiary sector totaled 1.232 billion RMB (37.27% of total GDP), an increase of 5.3% from 2020.[2] Total retail sales totaled 617 million RMB in 2021, a 12.3% increase from 2020.[2] In 2021, the per capita disposable income of the autonomous county's urban residents totaled 33,531 RMB, a 7.5% increase from 2020; the disposable income of rural residents totaled 21,783 RMB, a 10.0% increase from 2020.[2]

Tourism accounts for a significant portion of Sunan Yugur Autonomous County's economy. In 2021, the autonomous county received a total of 3.15 million tourists, a 23.7% increase from 2020.[2] Total revenue from tourism totaled 1.572 billion RMB, a 29.2% increase from 2020.[2]

Sunan Yugur Autonomous county is home to a sizable mining industry, and rich in deposits of coal, copper, iron, tungsten, chromium, manganese, and other mineral resources.[2]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "张掖市第七次全国人口普查公报" (in Chinese). Government of Zhangye. 2021-06-01.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af 肃南概况 [Sunan Overview]. gssn.gov.cn (in Chinese). Sunan Yugur Autonomous County People's Government. 2022-05-11. Archived from the original on 2022-09-10. Retrieved 2022-09-10.
  3. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  4. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  5. ^ 2021年统计用区划代码(肃南裕固族自治县) [2021 Statistical Division Codes (Sunan Yugur Autonomous County)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2021. Archived from the original on 2022-07-12. Retrieved 2022-09-10.
  6. ^ a b c "Administrative Divisions of China in minority languages (Gansu)". ttpedersen.github.io. Archived from the original on 2024-01-23. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  7. ^ National Population Statistics Materials by County and City - 1999 Period, in China County & City Population 1999, Harvard China Historical GIS
  8. ^ a b c d "Table of the Administrative Divisions of Sùnán Yugur Autonomous County". members.home.nl. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2022-09-10.
  9. ^ "Ethnic Minorities Development Plan for Xishui Tibetan Autonomous Township" (PDF). worldbank.org. Xiaogushan Hydro Power Company Ltd. 2004-08-12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-09-10. Retrieved 2022-09-10.