Symphaedra

Baronet
	upper side
	underside
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Symphaedra; Hübner, 1819
Species:	S. nais
Binomial name
	Symphaedra nais; Forster, 1771
Synonyms
	Symphaedra alcandra

Symphaedra nais, also known as the baronet,^[3] is a species of Nymphalid butterfly found in South Asia.^[1]^[3] It was formerly included in the genus Euthalia but it is a sister to members of the genus Bassarona.^[4]

Description[edit]

The male and the female both have tawny-yellow uppersides. The forewing has a traverse black line below apex cell and an oval spot beyond encircling a small yellow spot, a broad short oblique discal bar and an angulated postdiscal lunular band the costa narrowly and the termen shaded with black. Hindwing: a comparatively large triangular patch below the middle of the costa, a postdiscal evenly curved series of spots and a broad band along the termen black. Underside dark ochraceous red. Forewing: the base shaded with fuscous black, two spots at base of cell and a transverse line beyond crimson pink, edged with black: a very broad oblique discal band, angulated downwards below vein 4, bordered posteriorly by a large black spot on the inner side and outwardly and anteriorly by an oblique broad black band, followed by four anterior obliquely placed ochraceous-white spots, and beyond by a very narrow lunular black band bent downwards below vein 6. Hindwing: a crimson short line at extreme base, two crimson black-bordered spots in cell: a comparatively broad transverse discal white band often broken up into a large spot below middle of costa, with two or three spots in line below it; finally, a postdiscal series of small black spots. Antennae are black, bright ochraceous at apex; head, thorax and abdomen tawny red above, brown shaded with crimson-pink below.^[5]^[6]

Distribution[edit]

It is widely found in India and Sri Lanka. In India its distribution ranges from lower Himalayas to southern India^[5]

Life cycle[edit]

Larva[edit]

The larva is light green with the purple spots on the dorsal. The sides of the larva contain row of ten horizontal spines covered with fine green hair.^[5]

Pupa[edit]

The pupa is short broad and triangular. It is green and has gold spots and lines.^[5]

Larval host plants[edit]

The larvae are known to breed on Shorea robusta and Diospyros melanoxylon.^[7]

Mating pair
Egg
Caterpillar

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b "Euthalia Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
^ International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1945). "Opinion 167 Suspension of the rules for Euthalia H?bner, [1819] (class Insecta, order Lepidoptera)". Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2 (37): 399–410.
^ ^a ^b R.K., Varshney; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 205. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.
^ Toussaint, Emmanuel F A; Müller, Chris J; Morinière, Jérôme; Tänzler, Rene; Balke, Michael (2020-03-28). "A glide over the Indo-Australian geological maze: repeated transgressions of Lydekker's and Wallace's Lines in archdukes, barons and dukes (Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae: Adoliadini)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 129 (4): 810–821. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blaa008. ISSN 0024-4066.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Bingham, Charles Thomas (1905). Fauna of British India. Butterflies Vol. 1. p. 287.
^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Moore, Frederic (1896–1899). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. III. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 56–59.
^ kehimkar, isaac (2008). The book of indian butterflies. BNHS. p. 384.

[funet-1] "Euthalia Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

[2] International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1945). "Opinion 167 Suspension of the rules for Euthalia H?bner, [1819] (class Insecta, order Lepidoptera)". Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2 (37): 399–410.

[Smetacek-3] R.K., Varshney; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 205. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.

[4] Toussaint, Emmanuel F A; Müller, Chris J; Morinière, Jérôme; Tänzler, Rene; Balke, Michael (2020-03-28). "A glide over the Indo-Australian geological maze: repeated transgressions of Lydekker's and Wallace's Lines in archdukes, barons and dukes (Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae: Adoliadini)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 129 (4): 810–821. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blaa008. ISSN 0024-4066.

[fobi-5] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Bingham, Charles Thomas (1905). Fauna of British India. Butterflies Vol. 1. p. 287.

[MooreIndica-6] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Moore, Frederic (1896–1899). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. III. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 56–59.

[tboib-7] r, isaac (2008). The book of indian butterflies. BNHS. p. 384.

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