Talk:Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus/Archive 1

Amount of cases

How many cases globally to date? --128.120.160.45 (talk) 02:15, 13 June 2006 (UTC)[reply]

35 until now: 13 US --> http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/settings/lab/vrsa_lab_search_containment.html (also: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24371243), 16 India --> http://journals.lww.com/infectdis/Abstract/2013/03000/VanA_Positive_Vancomycin_Resistant_Staphylococcus.5.aspx, 3 Iran (same reference as previous), 1 Pakistan (Same as previous), 1 Portugal --> http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673613612192.pdf?id=aaasj9kHuRIIA41vvCJru, 1 Brazil -> http://www.promedmail.org/direct.php?id=20130630.1800166 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Surajdpant (talk • contribs) 10:17, 11 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Incomplete sentence

THIRD PARAGRAPH, THIRD LINE DOWN: "deplete the vancomycin available to kill the..." end of sentence. Can someone complete please. --Tomkeene (talk) 09:31, 15 June 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Gylcopeptide/beta-lactam resistance can co-exis in S. aureus

I deleted the paragraph about gylcopeptide resistance and beta-lactam resistance not co-existing in S. aureus because it is untrue. In Michigan, PA, and NY strains have been found that carry both the vanA resistance to glycopeptides as well as mecA resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. In general this article is confusing and does not accurately explain the two distinic mechanisms of resistance to vancomycin that exist in S.aureus. --67.62.202.93 (talk) 23:43, 17 August 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Highly relevant recent research

I'm not quite sure how to describe this in the wikipedia article; this is a big step in understanding the mechanism and particularly the evolution of vancomycin resistance, but it doesn't reach any final conclusions:

"The spread of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in the clinical environment has begun to pose serious limits to treatment options. Yet virtually nothing is known about how resistance traits are acquired in vivo. Here, we apply the power of whole-genome sequencing to identify steps in the evolution of multidrug resistance in isogenic S. aureus isolates recovered periodically from the bloodstream of a patient undergoing chemotherapy with vancomycin and other antibiotics. After extensive therapy, the bacterium developed resistance, and treatment failed. Sequencing the first vancomycin susceptible isolate and the last vancomycin nonsusceptible isolate identified genome wide only 35 point mutations in 31 loci. These mutations appeared in a sequential order in isolates that were recovered at intermittent times during chemotherapy in parallel with increasing levels of resistance. The vancomycin nonsusceptible isolates also showed a 100-fold decrease in susceptibility to daptomycin, although this antibiotic was not used in the therapy. One of the mutated loci associated with decreasing vancomycin susceptibility (the vraR operon) was found to also carry mutations in six additional vancomycin nonsusceptible S. aureus isolates belonging to different genetic backgrounds and recovered from different geographic sites. As costs drop, whole-genome sequencing will become a useful tool in elucidating complex pathways of in vivo evolution in bacterial pathogens."

- Michael M. Mwangi; et al. (2007-05-21). "Tracking the in vivo evolution of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by whole-genome sequencing" (fee required). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0609839104. ISSN 1091-6490. PMID 17517606. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |laydate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysource= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)

--71.41.210.146 16:23, 26 May 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Picture

The picture shows a SE micrograph of VISA, not VRSA. Do no pictures exist? --121.44.244.105 (talk) 07:07, 15 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Maybe, they're going to be visually identical though. I'll look. — raeky ^{(talk | edits)} 14:37, 15 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Theres only VISA pictures on the CDC's website... No VRSA, there is also MRSA but we have several pictures of that already. — raeky ^{(talk | edits)}

Needs attention

References are missing, and the article is confusing as written. There is a lot of scary language about the demise of vancomycin therapy but no source material to back it up. I'm working on some edits to improve. --AnnaJune (talk) 22:43, 16 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

I've tagged this article as requiring more references, as certain claims are left unreferenced. --Samuel Tarling (talk) 18:43, 19 October 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Mechanism

doi:10.1172/JCI68834 - JCI review. JFW | T@lk 22:42, 2 July 2014 (UTC)[reply]

VISA vs. VRSA

This separation is a bit confusing as it is right now. The book "Microbiology" from Brock mentions VISA strains, which was the reason I tried to search for this word. But the article here redirects primarily to VRSA strains, which the book does not mention. And now I am slightly confused. Could the separation between VISA and VRSA be made out in more details, including the historic use of these two words, e. g. when they first appeared? That would help a little, I think. 84.113.183.242 (talk) 18:12, 30 June 2014 (UTC)[reply]

There's a discussion of definitions at PMC 201119. It looks here and here as if the original work may go back to Geraci's paper in Antibiotic Annual 1955-1956 Medical Encyclopedia 1956:90 PMID 13425363, if we can track that down. LeadSongDog come howl! 00:09, 11 June 2015 (UTC)[reply]

So 1996 Japan -first report of "reduced vancomycin susceptibility" in SA PMC 924921 , cited in PMC 201119. by the later term "Staphylococcus aureus with intermediate-level resistance to vancomycin (VISA)".

1998 Dusseldorf PMID 10404328 hVISA emergence

VRSA first reported 2002 Michigan (PMID 12139181) was the VanA strain,

LeadSongDog come howl! 14:29, 11 June 2015 (UTC)[reply]