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Human bones
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bones of the
human skeleton
v
t
e
Bones
in the
human skeleton
Axial skeleton
Skull
Neurocranium
occipital
parietal
frontal
temporal
sphenoid
ethmoid
Face
nasal
maxilla
lacrimal
zygomatic
palatine
inferior nasal conchae
vomer
mandible
hyoid
Ear
ossicles
malleus
incus
stapes
Thorax
sternum
rib cage
rib
Vertebral column
vertebrae
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
Appendicular
Shoulder
clavicle
scapula
Arm
humerus
ulna
radius
Hand
carpals
(
scaphoid
,
lunate bone
,
triquetral
,
pisiform
,
trapezium
,
trapezoid
,
capitate
,
hamate
)
metacarpals
phalanges
(
prox
,
int
,
dist
)
Pelvis
ilium
ischium
pubis
Leg
femur
patella
fibula
tibia
sesamoid bones
Foot
tarsals
heelbone
anklebone
navicular
cuneiform
cuboid
metatarsals
phalanges
proximal
intermediate
distal
accessory
accessory navicular
v
t
e
The
facial skeleton
of the
skull
Maxilla
Surfaces
Anterior
:
fossae
(
Incisive fossa
,
Canine fossa
)
Infraorbital foramen
Orbital bones
Anterior nasal spine
Infratemporal
:
Alveolar canals
Maxillary tuberosity
Orbital
:
Infraorbital groove
Infraorbital canal
Nasal
:
Greater palatine canal
Processes
Zygomatic process
Frontal process
(
Agger nasi
,
Anterior lacrimal crest
)
Alveolar process
Palatine process
(
Incisive foramen
,
Incisive canals
,
Foramina of Scarpa
,
Incisive bone
,
Anterior nasal spine
)
Other
Body of maxilla
Maxillary sinus
Zygomatic
Orbital process
(
Zygomatico-orbital
)
Temporal process
(
Zygomaticotemporal
)
Lateral process
(
Zygomaticofacial
)
Palatine
Fossae
Pterygopalatine fossa
Pterygoid fossa
Plates
Horizontal plate
(
Posterior nasal spine
)
Perpendicular plate
(
Greater palatine canal
,
Sphenopalatine foramen
)
Hard palate
Processes
Pyramidal
Orbital
Sphenoidal
Mandible
Body
external surface
(
Chin
,
Jaw
,
Mandibular prominence
,
Mandibular symphysis
,
Lingual foramen
,
Mental protuberance
,
Mental foramen
,
Mandibular incisive canal
)
internal surface
(
Mental spine
,
Mylohyoid line
,
Sublingual fovea
,
Submandibular fovea
)
Alveolar part
Ramus
Mylohyoid groove
Mandibular canal
Lingula
Mandibular foramen
Angle
Coronoid process
Mandibular notch
Condyloid process
Pterygoid fovea
Nose
Nasal bone
Internasal suture
Nasal foramina
Inferior nasal concha
Ethmoidal process
Maxillary process
Vomer
Wing
Other
Lacrimal
Posterior lacrimal crest
Lacrimal groove
Lacrimal hamulus
Prognathism
Retromolar space
v
t
e
Neurocranium
of the
skull
Occipital
Squamous part
external
Inion
/
External occipital protuberance
Occipital bun
External occipital crest
Nuchal lines
Suprainiac fossa
planes
Occipital
Nuchal
internal
Cruciform eminence
Internal occipital protuberance
Internal occipital crest
Groove for transverse sinus
Lateral parts
Condyle
Condyloid fossa
Condylar canal
Hypoglossal canal
jugular
Jugular process
Jugular tubercle
Basilar part
Pharyngeal tubercle
Clivus
Other
Foramen magnum
Basion
Opisthion
Parietal
Parietal eminence
Temporal line
Parietal foramen
Sagittal sulcus
Sagittal keel
Sagittal crest
Frontal
Squamous part
Frontal suture
Frontal eminence
external
Superciliary arches
Glabella
foramina
Supraorbital foramen
Brow ridge
Foramen cecum
Zygomatic process
internal
Sagittal sulcus
Frontal crest
Orbital part
Ethmoidal notch
Fossa for lacrimal gland
Trochlear fovea
Frontal sinus
Frontonasal duct
Temporal
Squamous part
Articular tubercle
Suprameatal triangle
Mandibular fossa
Petrotympanic fissure
Zygomatic process
Mastoid part
Mastoid foramen
Mastoid process
(
Mastoid cells
)
Mastoid notch
Occipital groove
Sigmoid sulcus
Mastoid antrum
(
Aditus
)
Petrous part
Carotid canal
Facial canal
Hiatus
Internal auditory meatus
Cochlear aqueduct
Stylomastoid foramen
fossae
Subarcuate fossa
Jugular fossa
canaliculi
Inferior tympanic
Mastoid
Styloid process
Petrosquamous suture
(note:
ossicles
in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
Tympanic part
Suprameatal spine
Sphenoid
Surfaces
Superior surface:
Sella turcica
Dorsum sellae
Tuberculum sellae
Hypophysial fossa
Posterior clinoid processes
Ethmoidal spine
Chiasmatic groove
Middle clinoid process
Petrosal process
Clivus
Lateral surface:
Carotid groove
Sphenoidal lingula
Anterior surface:
Sphenoidal sinuses
Great wings
foramina
Rotundum
Ovale
Vesalii
Spinosum
Spine
Infratemporal crest
Sulcus of auditory tube
Small wings
Superior orbital fissure
Anterior clinoid process
Optic canal
Pterygoid
processes
fossae
Pterygoid
Scaphoid
pterygoid plates
Lateral
Medial
Pterygoid canal
Hamulus
Other
Body
Sphenoidal conchae
Ethmoid
Plates
Cribriform plate
Crista galli
Olfactory foramina
Perpendicular plate
Surfaces
Lateral surface
Orbital lamina
Uncinate process
Medial surface
Supreme nasal concha
Superior nasal concha
Superior meatus
Middle nasal concha
Middle meatus
Labyrinth
Ethmoid sinus
ethmoidal foramina
Posterior
Anterior
v
t
e
Compound structures of skull
Neurocranium
Calvaria
Diploë
Asterion
Pterion
Stephanion
Inion
Bregma
Lambda
Fossae
anterior
middle
posterior
cranial cavity
Base of skull
Fontanelle
anterior
posterior
sphenoidal
mastoid
Facial skeleton
Nasion
Gonion
Both
dacryon
zygomatic arch
temporal fossa
infratemporal fossa
pterygomaxillary fissure
pterygopalatine fossa
v
t
e
Bones
of the
arm
Shoulder girdle
,
clavicle
conoid tubercle
trapezoid line
costal tuberosity
subclavian groove
Scapula
fossae
(
subscapular
,
supraspinatous
,
infraspinatous
)
notches
(
suprascapular
,
great scapular
)
glenoid fossa
tubercles
(
infraglenoid
,
supraglenoid
)
spine of scapula
acromion
coracoid process
angles
(
superior
,
inferior
,
lateral
)
Humerus
upper extremity
:
necks
(
anatomical
,
surgical
)
tubercles
(
greater
,
lesser
)
bicipital groove
body
:
radial sulcus
deltoid tuberosity
lower extremity
:
capitulum
trochlea
epicondyles
(
lateral
,
medial
)
supracondylar ridges
(
lateral
,
medial
)
fossae
(
radial
,
coronoid
,
olecranon
)
Forearm
Radius
near elbow (
head
,
tuberosity
)
near wrist (
ulnar notch
,
styloid process
,
Lister's tubercle
)
Ulna
near elbow (
tuberosity
,
olecranon
,
coronoid process
,
radial notch
,
trochlear notch
)
near wrist (
styloid process
)
Hand
Carpal bones
scaphoid
lunate
triquetral
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
hamulus
Metacarpal bones
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Phalanges
proximal
intermediate
distal
v
t
e
Bones
of the
torso
Vertebrae
General structure
Body
Arch
pedicle
lamina
notch
Vertebral foramen
Intervertebral foramen
Processes
transverse
articular
spinous
Spinal canal
Cervical vertebrae
Uncinate process of vertebra
Transverse foramen
Anterior tubercle
Carotid tubercle
Posterior tubercle
Atlas
lateral mass
anterior arch
posterior arch
Axis
dens
Vertebra prominens
Thoracic vertebrae
Costal facets
superior
inferior
transverse
Uncinate process of vertebra
Lumbar vertebrae
Processes
accessory
mammillary
Sacrum
Base
sacral promontory
Ala of sacrum
Lateral surface
sacral tuberosity
Pelvic surface
anterior sacral foramina
Dorsal surface
posterior sacral foramina
Median sacral crest
Medial sacral crest
Lateral sacral crest
Sacral canal
sacral hiatus
Coccyx
none
Thorax
Rib cage
Ribs
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs
Parts
angle
tubercle
costal groove
neck
head
Sternum
Suprasternal notch
Manubrium
Sternal angle
Body of sternum
Xiphisternal joint
Xiphoid process
Thoracic cage
Superior thoracic aperture
Intercostal space
Costal margin
Infrasternal angle
v
t
e
Bones
of the
human leg
Femur
upper extremity
head
fovea
neck
greater trochanter
fossa
lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric line
intertrochanteric crest
quadrate tubercle
shaft
linea aspera
upper medial
: merges with
intertrochanteric line
upper intermediate
:
pectineal line
upper lateral
:
gluteal tuberosity
/
third trochanter
lower extremity
adductor tubercle
patellar surface
epicondyles
lateral
medial
condyles
lateral
medial
intercondylar fossa
Tibia
upper extremity
Gerdy's tubercle
condyles
lateral
medial
intercondylar area
shaft
tuberosity
soleal line
lower extremity
medial malleolus
Anterior colliculus
Posterior colliculus
fibular notch
Fibula
lateral malleolus
Other
patella
apex
Foot
Tarsus
calcaneus
sustentaculum tali
calcaneal tubercle
talus
navicular
cuboid
cuneiform
medial
intermediate
lateral
Metatarsals
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Other
Phalanges
v
t
e
Bones
of the
pelvis
General
sacrum
coccyx
hip bone
Ilium
body
arcuate line
wing
gluteal lines
posterior
anterior
inferior
iliac spines
anterior superior
anterior inferior
posterior superior
posterior inferior
other:
crest
tuberosity
tubercle
fossa
Ischium
body
ischial spine
lesser sciatic notch
superior ramus
tuberosity of the ischium
inferior ramus
no substructures
Pubis
body
pubic crest
superior ramus
pubic tubercle
obturator crest
inferior ramus
pectineal line
Compound
acetabulum
acetabular notch
iliopubic eminence
/
iliopectineal line
linea terminalis
ischiopubic ramus
/
pubic arch
Foramina
obturator foramen
greater sciatic foramen
/
greater sciatic notch
lesser sciatic foramen
Landmarks
pelvic inlet
pelvic brim
pelvic outlet
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