Template:Infobox planet/testcases

baricentric (Jul 2022)

See Template_talk:Infobox_planet#edittemplateprotected, 20:10, 4 July 2022 (UTC)

New |barycentric=; (relates to |orbit_ref=)

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both Orbital characteristics (barycentric) Eccentricity 0.123	both Orbital characteristics (barycentric) Eccentricity 0.123

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bc only Orbital characteristics (barycentric) Eccentricity 0.123	bc only Orbital characteristics (barycentric) Eccentricity 0.123

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orbitref Orbital characteristics Eccentricity 0.123	orbitref Orbital characteristics Eccentricity 0.123

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New parameters proposed by Bellezzasolo

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99942 Apophis Animation of Apophis imaged at the Sormano Astronomical Observatory Discovery Discovered by Roy A. Tucker David J. Tholen Fabrizio Bernardi Discovery site Kitt Peak Discovery date 19 June 2004 Designations MPC designation (99942) Apophis Named after Apep Alternative designations 2004 MN4 Minor planet category Aten NEO, PHA Orbital characteristics Epoch 7 December 2007 (JD 2454441.5) Uncertainty parameter 0 Observation arc 3635 days (9.95 yr) Aphelion 1.09851 AU (164.335 Gm) Perihelion 0.74605 AU (111.607 Gm) Semi-major axis 0.92228 AU (137.971 Gm) Eccentricity 0.19108 Orbital period (sidereal) 0.89 yr (323.5 d) Average orbital speed 30.728 km/s Mean anomaly 215.53998° Mean motion 1.11278°/day Inclination 3.33129° Longitude of ascending node 204.45719° Argument of perihelion 126.39364° Earth MOID 0.000659446 AU (98,651.7 km; 61,299.3 mi) Jupiter MOID 4.12656 AU (617.325 Gm) TJupiter 6.467 Physical characteristics Dimensions 0.370 km (0.230 mi) Mean radius 0.185 km (0.115 mi) Mass 6.1×1010 kg (assumed) Mean density ~3.2 g/cm3 Equatorial surface gravity 0.00027 m/s2 (average) Equatorial escape velocity ~0.52 km/h Synodic rotation period 30.4 h (1.27 d) tumbling: precession period: 27.38±0.07 h rotation period: 263±6 h period of harmonic with strongest lightcurve amplitude: 30.56±0.01 h Geometric albedo 0.23 Temperature 270 K Spectral type Sq Absolute magnitude (H) 19.7 ± 0.4

99942 Apophis Animation of Apophis imaged at the Sormano Astronomical Observatory Discovery Discovered by Roy A. Tucker David J. Tholen Fabrizio Bernardi Discovery site Kitt Peak Discovery date 19 June 2004 Designations MPC designation (99942) Apophis Named after Apep Alternative designations 2004 MN4 Minor planet category Aten NEO, PHA Orbital characteristics Epoch 7 December 2007 (JD 2454441.5) Uncertainty parameter 0 Observation arc 3635 days (9.95 yr) Aphelion 1.09851 AU (164.335 Gm) Perihelion 0.74605 AU (111.607 Gm) Semi-major axis 0.92228 AU (137.971 Gm) Eccentricity 0.19108 Orbital period (sidereal) 0.89 yr (323.5 d) Average orbital speed 30.728 km/s Mean anomaly 215.53998° Mean motion 1.11278°/day Inclination 3.33129° Longitude of ascending node 204.45719° Argument of perihelion 126.39364° Earth MOID 0.000659446 AU (98,651.7 km; 61,299.3 mi) Jupiter MOID 4.12656 AU (617.325 Gm) TJupiter 6.467 Physical characteristics Dimensions 0.370 km (0.230 mi) Mean radius 0.185 km (0.115 mi) Mass 6.1×1010 kg (assumed) Mean density ~3.2 g/cm3 Equatorial surface gravity 0.00027 m/s2 (average) Equatorial escape velocity ~0.52 km/h Synodic rotation period 30.4 h (1.27 d) tumbling: precession period: 27.38±0.07 h rotation period: 263±6 h period of harmonic with strongest lightcurve amplitude: 30.56±0.01 h Geometric albedo 0.23 Temperature 270 K Spectral type Sq Absolute magnitude (H) 19.7 ± 0.4

67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

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67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Greyscale photograph of Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko taken by the Rosetta spacecraft Discovery Discovered by Klim Ivanovych Churyumov Svetlana Ivanovna Gerasimenko Discovery site Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union Discovery date 20 September 1969 Designations Alternative designations 1969 R1, 1969 IV, 1969h, 1975 P1, 1976 VII, 1975i, 1982 VIII, 1982f, 1989 VI, 1988i Orbital characteristics Epoch 10 August 2014 (JD 2456879.5) Aphelion 5.6829 AU (850,150,000 km) Perihelion 1.2432 AU (185,980,000 km) Semi-major axis 3.4630 AU (518,060,000 km) Eccentricity 0.64102 Orbital period (sidereal) 6.44 yr Mean anomaly 303.71° Inclination 7.0405° Longitude of ascending node 50.147° Argument of perihelion 12.780° Physical characteristics Dimensions Large lobe: 4.1×3.3×1.8 km (2.5×2.1×1.1 mi) Small lobe: 2.6×2.3×1.8 km (1.6×1.4×1.1 mi) Volume 21.4 km3 (5.1 cu mi) Mass (1.0±0.1)×1013 kg Mean density 0.533 ± 0.006 g/cm3 (0.01926 ± 0.00022 lb/cu in) Equatorial escape velocity est. 1 m/s (3 ft/s) Synodic rotation period 12.4043±0.0007 h Axial tilt 52° North pole right ascension 69.3° North pole declination 64.1° Geometric albedo 0.06 Surface temp. min mean max Kelvin 180 230 Celsius −93 −43 Fahrenheit −135 −45

67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Greyscale photograph of Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko taken by the Rosetta spacecraft Discovery Discovered by Klim Ivanovych Churyumov Svetlana Ivanovna Gerasimenko Discovery site Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union Discovery date 20 September 1969 Designations Alternative designations 1969 R1, 1969 IV, 1969h, 1975 P1, 1976 VII, 1975i, 1982 VIII, 1982f, 1989 VI, 1988i Orbital characteristics Epoch 10 August 2014 (JD 2456879.5) Aphelion 5.6829 AU (850,150,000 km) Perihelion 1.2432 AU (185,980,000 km) Semi-major axis 3.4630 AU (518,060,000 km) Eccentricity 0.64102 Orbital period (sidereal) 6.44 yr Mean anomaly 303.71° Inclination 7.0405° Longitude of ascending node 50.147° Argument of perihelion 12.780° Physical characteristics Dimensions Large lobe: 4.1×3.3×1.8 km (2.5×2.1×1.1 mi) Small lobe: 2.6×2.3×1.8 km (1.6×1.4×1.1 mi) Volume 21.4 km3 (5.1 cu mi) Mass (1.0±0.1)×1013 kg Mean density 0.533 ± 0.006 g/cm3 (0.01926 ± 0.00022 lb/cu in) Equatorial escape velocity est. 1 m/s (3 ft/s) Synodic rotation period 12.4043±0.0007 h Axial tilt 52° North pole right ascension 69.3° North pole declination 64.1° Geometric albedo 0.06 Surface temp. min mean max Kelvin 180 230 Celsius −93 −43 Fahrenheit −135 −45

(7474) 1992 TC

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(7474) 1992 TC Discovery Discovered by McNaught, R. H. Discovery site Siding Spring Discovery date October 1, 1992 Designations MPC designation 7474 Alternative designations 1992 TC Orbital characteristics Epoch 2457000.0 Uncertainty parameter 0 Aphelion 2.023111642510545 Perihelion 1.107915050542907 Semi-major axis 1.565513346526726 Eccentricity .2922991982144734 Orbital period (sidereal) 715.4570847231395 Mean anomaly 33.48891836193705 Inclination 7.087940650181295 Longitude of ascending node 88.68004129425852 Argument of perihelion 275.4947151224215 Physical characteristics Spectral type X Asteroid family none Absolute magnitude (H) 18

(7474) 1992 TC Discovery Discovered by McNaught, R. H. Discovery site Siding Spring Discovery date October 1, 1992 Designations MPC designation 7474 Alternative designations 1992 TC Orbital characteristics Epoch 2457000.0 Uncertainty parameter 0 Aphelion 2.023111642510545 Perihelion 1.107915050542907 Semi-major axis 1.565513346526726 Eccentricity .2922991982144734 Orbital period (sidereal) 715.4570847231395 Mean anomaly 33.48891836193705 Inclination 7.087940650181295 Longitude of ascending node 88.68004129425852 Argument of perihelion 275.4947151224215 Physical characteristics Spectral type X Asteroid family none Absolute magnitude (H) 18

Adrastea

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Adrastea Image of Adrastea taken by Galileo spacecraft between November 1996 and June 1997 Discovery Discovered by David C. Jewitt G. Edward Danielson Discovery date July 8, 1979 Designations Adjectives Adrastean Orbital characteristics Mean orbit radius 129,000 km Eccentricity 0.0015 Orbital period (sidereal) 0.29826 d (7 h 9.5 min) Average orbital speed 31.378 km/s Inclination 0.03° (to Jupiter's equator) Satellite of Jupiter Physical characteristics Dimensions 20×16×14 km Mean radius 8.2 ± 2.0 km Volume ~2,345 km³ Mass ~2 × 1015 kg Mean density 0.86 g/cm³ (assumed) Surface gravity ~0.002 m/s² (0.0004 g) Escape velocity ~0.008 km/s Synodic rotation period synchronous Axial tilt zero Albedo 0.1 ± 0.045 Temperature ~122 K

Adrastea Image of Adrastea taken by Galileo spacecraft between November 1996 and June 1997 Discovery Discovered by David C. Jewitt G. Edward Danielson Discovery date July 8, 1979 Designations Adjectives Adrastean Orbital characteristics Mean orbit radius 129,000 km Eccentricity 0.0015 Orbital period (sidereal) 0.29826 d (7 h 9.5 min) Average orbital speed 31.378 km/s Inclination 0.03° (to Jupiter's equator) Satellite of Jupiter Physical characteristics Dimensions 20×16×14 km Mean radius 8.2 ± 2.0 km Volume ~2,345 km³ Mass ~2 × 1015 kg Mean density 0.86 g/cm³ (assumed) Surface gravity ~0.002 m/s² (0.0004 g) Escape velocity ~0.008 km/s Synodic rotation period synchronous Axial tilt zero Albedo 0.1 ± 0.045 Temperature ~122 K

Carme

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Carme Discovery Discovered by S. B. Nicholson Discovery date July 30, 1938 Orbital characteristics Mean orbit radius 23.4 million km Eccentricity 0.25 Orbital period (sidereal) 702.28 d (2.045 a) Average orbital speed 2.253 km/s Inclination 164.91° (to the ecliptic) 167.53° (to Jupiter's equator) Satellite of Jupiter Physical characteristics Mean radius ~23 km Surface area ~6600 km² Volume ~51,000 km³ Mass 1.3×1017 kg Mean density 2.6 g/cm³ (assumed) Surface gravity ~0.017 m/s2 (0.0017 g) Escape velocity ~0.028 km/s Albedo 0.04 (assumed) Temperature ~124 K

Carme Discovery Discovered by S. B. Nicholson Discovery date July 30, 1938 Orbital characteristics Mean orbit radius 23.4 million km Eccentricity 0.25 Orbital period (sidereal) 702.28 d (2.045 a) Average orbital speed 2.253 km/s Inclination 164.91° (to the ecliptic) 167.53° (to Jupiter's equator) Satellite of Jupiter Physical characteristics Mean radius ~23 km Surface area ~6600 km² Volume ~51,000 km³ Mass 1.3×1017 kg Mean density 2.6 g/cm³ (assumed) Surface gravity ~0.017 m/s2 (0.0017 g) Escape velocity ~0.028 km/s Albedo 0.04 (assumed) Temperature ~124 K

Earth

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Earth "The Blue Marble" photograph of Earth, taken from Apollo 17 Designations Alternative names Terra, Gaia Symbol Orbital characteristics Epoch J2000.0 Aphelion 152,098,232 km 1.01671388 AU Perihelion 147,098,290 km 0.98329134 AU Semi-major axis 149,598,261 km 1.00000261 AU Eccentricity 0.01671123 Orbital period (sidereal) 365.256363004 d (1.00001742096 aj) Orbital period (synodic) 365.242190402 d (0.99997861849 aj) Average orbital speed 29.78 km/s 107,200 km/h Mean anomaly 357.51716° Inclination 7.155° to Sun's equator 1.57869° to invariable plane Longitude of ascending node 348.73936° Argument of perihelion 114.20783° Known satellites 1 natural (the Moon) 8,300+ artificial (as of 1 March 2001) Physical characteristics Mean radius 6,371.0 km Equatorial radius 6,378.1 km Polar radius 6,356.8 km Flattening 0.0033528 Circumference 40,075.017 km (equatorial) 40,007.86 km (meridional) Surface area 510,072,000 km2 148,940,000 km2 land (29.2 %) 361,132,000 km2 water (70.8 %) Volume 1.08321×1012 km3 Mass 5.9736×1024 kg Mean density 5.515 g/cm3 Surface gravity 9.780327 m/s2 0.99732 g Escape velocity 11.186 km/s Synodic rotation period 1.0 d (24h 00m 00s) average synodic rotation period (solar day) Sidereal rotation period 0.99726968 d (23h 56m 4.100s) Equatorial rotation velocity 1,674.4 km/h (465.1 m/s) Axial tilt 23°26'21".4119 Albedo 0.367 (geometric) 0.306 (Bond) Surface temp. min mean max Kelvin 184 K 287.2 K 331 K Celsius −89.2 °C 14 °C 57.8 °C Surface equivalent dose rate 0.274 μSv/h Atmosphere Surface pressure 101.325 kPa (MSL) Composition by volume 78.08% nitrogen (N2) (dry air) 20.95% oxygen (O2) 0.93% argon 0.038% carbon dioxide About 1% water vapor (varies with climate)

Earth "The Blue Marble" photograph of Earth, taken from Apollo 17 Designations Alternative names Terra, Gaia Symbol Orbital characteristics Epoch J2000.0 Aphelion 152,098,232 km 1.01671388 AU Perihelion 147,098,290 km 0.98329134 AU Semi-major axis 149,598,261 km 1.00000261 AU Eccentricity 0.01671123 Orbital period (sidereal) 365.256363004 d (1.00001742096 aj) Orbital period (synodic) 365.242190402 d (0.99997861849 aj) Average orbital speed 29.78 km/s 107,200 km/h Mean anomaly 357.51716° Inclination 7.155° to Sun's equator 1.57869° to invariable plane Longitude of ascending node 348.73936° Argument of perihelion 114.20783° Known satellites 1 natural (the Moon) 8,300+ artificial (as of 1 March 2001) Physical characteristics Mean radius 6,371.0 km Equatorial radius 6,378.1 km Polar radius 6,356.8 km Flattening 0.0033528 Circumference 40,075.017 km (equatorial) 40,007.86 km (meridional) Surface area 510,072,000 km2 148,940,000 km2 land (29.2 %) 361,132,000 km2 water (70.8 %) Volume 1.08321×1012 km3 Mass 5.9736×1024 kg Mean density 5.515 g/cm3 Surface gravity 9.780327 m/s2 0.99732 g Escape velocity 11.186 km/s Synodic rotation period 1.0 d (24h 00m 00s) average synodic rotation period (solar day) Sidereal rotation period 0.99726968 d (23h 56m 4.100s) Equatorial rotation velocity 1,674.4 km/h (465.1 m/s) Axial tilt 23°26'21".4119 Albedo 0.367 (geometric) 0.306 (Bond) Surface temp. min mean max Kelvin 184 K 287.2 K 331 K Celsius −89.2 °C 14 °C 57.8 °C Surface equivalent dose rate 0.274 μSv/h Atmosphere Surface pressure 101.325 kPa (MSL) Composition by volume 78.08% nitrogen (N2) (dry air) 20.95% oxygen (O2) 0.93% argon 0.038% carbon dioxide About 1% water vapor (varies with climate)

Lysithea

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Lysithea Discovery Discovered by S. B. Nicholson Discovery date July 6, 1938 Designations Adjectives Lysithean Orbital characteristics Mean orbit radius 11,720,000 km Eccentricity 0.11 Orbital period (sidereal) 259.20 d (0.69 a) Average orbital speed 3.29 km/s Inclination 28.30° (to the ecliptic) 25.77° (to Jupiter's equator) Satellite of Jupiter Physical characteristics Mean radius 18 km Surface area ~4100 km² Volume ~24,400 km³ Mass 6.3×1016 kg Mean density 2.6 g/cm³ (assumed) Surface gravity ~0.013 m/s2 (0.001 g) Escape velocity ~0.022 km/s Albedo 0.04 (assumed) Temperature ~124 K

Lysithea Discovery Discovered by S. B. Nicholson Discovery date July 6, 1938 Designations Adjectives Lysithean Orbital characteristics Mean orbit radius 11,720,000 km Eccentricity 0.11 Orbital period (sidereal) 259.20 d (0.69 a) Average orbital speed 3.29 km/s Inclination 28.30° (to the ecliptic) 25.77° (to Jupiter's equator) Satellite of Jupiter Physical characteristics Mean radius 18 km Surface area ~4100 km² Volume ~24,400 km³ Mass 6.3×1016 kg Mean density 2.6 g/cm³ (assumed) Surface gravity ~0.013 m/s2 (0.001 g) Escape velocity ~0.022 km/s Albedo 0.04 (assumed) Temperature ~124 K

The Moon

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The Moon Full moon as seen from Earth's northern hemisphere Designations Adjectives lunar, selenic Symbol Orbital characteristics Perigee 362,570 km (0.0024 AU) (356,400–370,400 km) Apogee 405,410 km (0.0027 AU) (404,000–406,700 km) Semi-major axis 384,399 km (0.00257 AU) Eccentricity 0.0549 Orbital period (sidereal) 27.321582 d (27 d 7 h 43.1 min) Orbital period (synodic) 29.530589 d (29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s) Average orbital speed 1.022 km/s Inclination 5.145° to the ecliptic (between 18.29° and 28.58° to Earth's equator) Longitude of ascending node regressing by one revolution in 18.6 years Argument of perigee progressing by one revolution in 8.85 years Satellite of Earth Physical characteristics Mean radius 1,737.10 km  (0.273 Earths) Equatorial radius 1,738.14 km (0.273 Earths) Polar radius 1,735.97 km  (0.273 Earths) Flattening 0.00125 Circumference 10,921 km (equatorial) Surface area 3.793 × 107 km2  (0.074 Earths) Volume 2.1958 × 1010 km3  (0.020 Earths) Mass 7.3477 × 1022 kg  (0.0123 Earths) Mean density 3.3464 g/cm3 Surface gravity 1.622 m/s2 (0.165 4 g) Escape velocity 2.38 km/s Sidereal rotation period 27.321582 d (synchronous) Equatorial rotation velocity 4.627 m/s Axial tilt 1.5424° (to ecliptic) 6.687° (to orbit plane) Albedo 0.136 Surface temp. min mean max equator 100 K 220 K 390 K 85°N 70 K 130 K 230 K Surface absorbed dose rate 13.2 μGy/h Surface equivalent dose rate 57.0 μSv/h Apparent magnitude −2.5 to −12.9 −12.74 (mean full moon) Angular diameter 29.3 to 34.1 arcminutes Atmosphere Surface pressure 10−7 Pa (day) 10−10 Pa (night) Composition by volume Ar, He, Na, K, H, Rn

The Moon Full moon as seen from Earth's northern hemisphere Designations Adjectives lunar, selenic Symbol Orbital characteristics Perigee 362,570 km (0.0024 AU) (356,400–370,400 km) Apogee 405,410 km (0.0027 AU) (404,000–406,700 km) Semi-major axis 384,399 km (0.00257 AU) Eccentricity 0.0549 Orbital period (sidereal) 27.321582 d (27 d 7 h 43.1 min) Orbital period (synodic) 29.530589 d (29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s) Average orbital speed 1.022 km/s Inclination 5.145° to the ecliptic (between 18.29° and 28.58° to Earth's equator) Longitude of ascending node regressing by one revolution in 18.6 years Argument of perigee progressing by one revolution in 8.85 years Satellite of Earth Physical characteristics Mean radius 1,737.10 km  (0.273 Earths) Equatorial radius 1,738.14 km (0.273 Earths) Polar radius 1,735.97 km  (0.273 Earths) Flattening 0.00125 Circumference 10,921 km (equatorial) Surface area 3.793 × 107 km2  (0.074 Earths) Volume 2.1958 × 1010 km3  (0.020 Earths) Mass 7.3477 × 1022 kg  (0.0123 Earths) Mean density 3.3464 g/cm3 Surface gravity 1.622 m/s2 (0.165 4 g) Escape velocity 2.38 km/s Sidereal rotation period 27.321582 d (synchronous) Equatorial rotation velocity 4.627 m/s Axial tilt 1.5424° (to ecliptic) 6.687° (to orbit plane) Albedo 0.136 Surface temp. min mean max equator 100 K 220 K 390 K 85°N 70 K 130 K 230 K Surface absorbed dose rate 13.2 μGy/h Surface equivalent dose rate 57.0 μSv/h Apparent magnitude −2.5 to −12.9 −12.74 (mean full moon) Angular diameter 29.3 to 34.1 arcminutes Atmosphere Surface pressure 10−7 Pa (day) 10−10 Pa (night) Composition by volume Ar, He, Na, K, H, Rn

Mercury

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Mercury MESSENGER image of Mercury with three visible colors mapped to 1000 nm, 700 nm, and 430 nm wavelengths Designations Pronunciation /ˈmɜːrkjəri/ ⓘ Adjectives Mercurian, Mercurial Symbol ☿ Orbital characteristics Epoch J2000 Aphelion 69,816,900 km 0.466 697 AU Perihelion 46,001,200 km 0.307 499 AU Semi-major axis 57,909,100 km 0.387 098 AU Eccentricity 0.205 630 Orbital period (sidereal) 87.969 1 d (0.240 846 a) 0.5 Mercury solar day Orbital period (synodic) 115.88 d Average orbital speed 47.87 km/s Mean anomaly 174.796° Inclination 7.005° to Ecliptic 3.38° to Sun’s equator 6.34° to Invariable plane Longitude of ascending node 48.331° Argument of perihelion 29.124° Known satellites None Physical characteristics Mean radius 2,439.7 ± 1.0 km 0.3829 Earths Flattening 0 Surface area 7.48×107 km2 0.147 Earths Volume 6.083×1010 km3 0.056 Earths Mass 3.3022×1023 kg 0.055 Earths Mean density 5.427 g/cm3 Surface gravity 3.7 m/s2 0.38 g Escape velocity 4.25 km/s Sidereal rotation period 58.646 day 1407.5 h Equatorial rotation velocity 10.892 km/h (3.026 m/s) Axial tilt 2.11′ ± 0.1′ North pole right ascension 18 h 44 min 2 s 281.01° North pole declination 61.45° Albedo 0.068 (Bond) 0.142 (geom.) Surface temp. min mean max 0°N, 0°W 100 K 340 K 700 K 85°N, 0°W 80 K 200 K 380 K Apparent magnitude −2.6 to 5.7 Angular diameter 4.5" – 13" Atmosphere Surface pressure trace Composition by volume 42% Molecular oxygen 29.0% sodium 22.0% hydrogen 6.0% helium 0.5% potassium Trace amounts of argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, xenon, krypton and neon

Mercury MESSENGER image of Mercury with three visible colors mapped to 1000 nm, 700 nm, and 430 nm wavelengths Designations Pronunciation /ˈmɜːrkjəri/ ⓘ Adjectives Mercurian, Mercurial Symbol ☿ Orbital characteristics Epoch J2000 Aphelion 69,816,900 km 0.466 697 AU Perihelion 46,001,200 km 0.307 499 AU Semi-major axis 57,909,100 km 0.387 098 AU Eccentricity 0.205 630 Orbital period (sidereal) 87.969 1 d (0.240 846 a) 0.5 Mercury solar day Orbital period (synodic) 115.88 d Average orbital speed 47.87 km/s Mean anomaly 174.796° Inclination 7.005° to Ecliptic 3.38° to Sun’s equator 6.34° to Invariable plane Longitude of ascending node 48.331° Argument of perihelion 29.124° Known satellites None Physical characteristics Mean radius 2,439.7 ± 1.0 km 0.3829 Earths Flattening 0 Surface area 7.48×107 km2 0.147 Earths Volume 6.083×1010 km3 0.056 Earths Mass 3.3022×1023 kg 0.055 Earths Mean density 5.427 g/cm3 Surface gravity 3.7 m/s2 0.38 g Escape velocity 4.25 km/s Sidereal rotation period 58.646 day 1407.5 h Equatorial rotation velocity 10.892 km/h (3.026 m/s) Axial tilt 2.11′ ± 0.1′ North pole right ascension 18 h 44 min 2 s 281.01° North pole declination 61.45° Albedo 0.068 (Bond) 0.142 (geom.) Surface temp. min mean max 0°N, 0°W 100 K 340 K 700 K 85°N, 0°W 80 K 200 K 380 K Apparent magnitude −2.6 to 5.7 Angular diameter 4.5" – 13" Atmosphere Surface pressure trace Composition by volume 42% Molecular oxygen 29.0% sodium 22.0% hydrogen 6.0% helium 0.5% potassium Trace amounts of argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, xenon, krypton and neon

Uranus

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Uranus Photograph of Uranus in true colour (by Voyager 2 in 1986) Discovery Discovered by William Herschel Discovery date 27 April 2024 Designations Pronunciation /ˈjʊərənəs/ ⓘ or /jʊˈreɪnəs/ ⓘ Named after the Latin form Ūranus of the Greek god Οὐρανός Ouranos Adjectives Uranian (/jʊˈreɪniən/) Symbol () Orbital characteristics Epoch J2000 Aphelion 20.0965 AU (3006.39 Gm) Perihelion 18.2861 AU (2735.56 Gm) Semi-major axis 19.19126 AU (2870.972 Gm) Eccentricity 0.04717 Orbital period (sidereal) 84.0205 yr 30,688.5 d 42,718 Uranian solar days Orbital period (synodic) 369.66 days Average orbital speed 6.80 km/s Mean anomaly 142.238600° Inclination 0.773° to ecliptic 6.48° to Sun's equator 0.99° to invariable plane Longitude of ascending node 74.006° Time of perihelion 17–19 August 2050 Argument of perihelion 96.998857° Known satellites 27 Physical characteristics Mean radius 25,362±7 km Equatorial radius 25,559±4 km 4.007 Earths Polar radius 24,973±20 km 3.929 Earths Flattening 0.0229±0.0008 Circumference 159,354.1 km Surface area 8.1156×109 km2 15.91 Earths Volume 6.833×1013 km3 63.086 Earths Mass (8.6810±0.0013)×1025 kg 14.536 Earths GM=5,793,939±13 km3/s2 Mean density 1.27 g/cm3 Surface gravity 8.69 m/s2 0.886 g Moment of inertia factor 0.23 (estimate) Escape velocity 21.3 km/s Synodic rotation period −0.71832 d −17 h 14 m 23 s (retrograde) Sidereal rotation period −0.71833 d −17 h 14 min 24 s (retrograde) Equatorial rotation velocity 2.59 km/s 9,320 km/h Axial tilt 97.77° (to orbit) North pole right ascension 17h 9m 15s 257.311° North pole declination −15.175° Albedo 0.300 (Bond) 0.488 (geom.) Surface temp. min mean max 1 bar level 76 K (−197.2 °C) 0.1 bar (tropopause) 47 K 53 K 57 K Apparent magnitude 5.38 to 6.03 Angular diameter 3.3″ to 4.1″ Atmosphere Scale height 27.7 km Composition by volume (Below 1.3 bar) Gases: 83 ± 3% hydrogen (H2) 15 ± 3% helium (He) 2.3% methane (CH4) 0.009% (0.007–0.015%) hydrogen deuteride (HD) hydrogen sulphide (H2S) Ices: ammonia (NH3) water (H2O) ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4SH) methane hydrate

Uranus Photograph of Uranus in true colour (by Voyager 2 in 1986) Discovery Discovered by William Herschel Discovery date 27 April 2024 Designations Pronunciation /ˈjʊərənəs/ ⓘ or /jʊˈreɪnəs/ ⓘ Named after the Latin form Ūranus of the Greek god Οὐρανός Ouranos Adjectives Uranian (/jʊˈreɪniən/) Symbol () Orbital characteristics Epoch J2000 Aphelion 20.0965 AU (3006.39 Gm) Perihelion 18.2861 AU (2735.56 Gm) Semi-major axis 19.19126 AU (2870.972 Gm) Eccentricity 0.04717 Orbital period (sidereal) 84.0205 yr 30,688.5 d 42,718 Uranian solar days Orbital period (synodic) 369.66 days Average orbital speed 6.80 km/s Mean anomaly 142.238600° Inclination 0.773° to ecliptic 6.48° to Sun's equator 0.99° to invariable plane Longitude of ascending node 74.006° Time of perihelion 17–19 August 2050 Argument of perihelion 96.998857° Known satellites 27 Physical characteristics Mean radius 25,362±7 km Equatorial radius 25,559±4 km 4.007 Earths Polar radius 24,973±20 km 3.929 Earths Flattening 0.0229±0.0008 Circumference 159,354.1 km Surface area 8.1156×109 km2 15.91 Earths Volume 6.833×1013 km3 63.086 Earths Mass (8.6810±0.0013)×1025 kg 14.536 Earths GM=5,793,939±13 km3/s2 Mean density 1.27 g/cm3 Surface gravity 8.69 m/s2 0.886 g Moment of inertia factor 0.23 (estimate) Escape velocity 21.3 km/s Synodic rotation period −0.71832 d −17 h 14 m 23 s (retrograde) Sidereal rotation period −0.71833 d −17 h 14 min 24 s (retrograde) Equatorial rotation velocity 2.59 km/s 9,320 km/h Axial tilt 97.77° (to orbit) North pole right ascension 17h 9m 15s 257.311° North pole declination −15.175° Albedo 0.300 (Bond) 0.488 (geom.) Surface temp. min mean max 1 bar level 76 K (−197.2 °C) 0.1 bar (tropopause) 47 K 53 K 57 K Apparent magnitude 5.38 to 6.03 Angular diameter 3.3″ to 4.1″ Atmosphere Scale height 27.7 km Composition by volume (Below 1.3 bar) Gases: 83 ± 3% hydrogen (H2) 15 ± 3% helium (He) 2.3% methane (CH4) 0.009% (0.007–0.015%) hydrogen deuteride (HD) hydrogen sulphide (H2S) Ices: ammonia (NH3) water (H2O) ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4SH) methane hydrate

Miranda

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Miranda Discovery Discovered by Gerard P. Kuiper Discovery date February 16, 1948 Designations Alternative names Uranus V Adjectives Mirandan, Mirandian Orbital characteristics Semi-major axis 129 390 km Eccentricity 0.0013 Orbital period (sidereal) 1.413 479 d Inclination 4.232° (to Uranus's equator) Satellite of Uranus Physical characteristics Dimensions 480×468.4×465.8 km Mean radius 235.8 ± 0.7 km (0.03697 Earths) Surface area 700 000 km2 Volume 54 835 000 km3 Mass 6.59 ± 0.75 × 1019 kg (1.103 × 10–5 Earths) Mean density 1.20 ± 0.15 g/cm3 Surface gravity 0.079 m/s2 Escape velocity 0.193 km/s Synodic rotation period synchronous Axial tilt 0° Albedo 0.32 Surface temp. min mean max solstice ? ~60 K 84 ± 1 K Apparent magnitude 15.8

Miranda Discovery Discovered by Gerard P. Kuiper Discovery date February 16, 1948 Designations Alternative names Uranus V Adjectives Mirandan, Mirandian Orbital characteristics Semi-major axis 129 390 km Eccentricity 0.0013 Orbital period (sidereal) 1.413 479 d Inclination 4.232° (to Uranus's equator) Satellite of Uranus Physical characteristics Dimensions 480×468.4×465.8 km Mean radius 235.8 ± 0.7 km (0.03697 Earths) Surface area 700 000 km2 Volume 54 835 000 km3 Mass 6.59 ± 0.75 × 1019 kg (1.103 × 10–5 Earths) Mean density 1.20 ± 0.15 g/cm3 Surface gravity 0.079 m/s2 Escape velocity 0.193 km/s Synodic rotation period synchronous Axial tilt 0° Albedo 0.32 Surface temp. min mean max solstice ? ~60 K 84 ± 1 K Apparent magnitude 15.8

Nereid

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Nereid Image of Nereid by Voyager 2 Discovery Discovered by Gerard P. Kuiper Discovery date May 1, 1949 Designations Adjectives Nereidian, Nereidean Orbital characteristics Epoch J2000 Periapsis 1,372,000 km (0.00917 AU) Apoapsis 9,655,000 km (0.06454 AU) Semi-major axis 5,513,787 km (0.03685 AU) Eccentricity 0.7507 Orbital period (sidereal) 360.1362 d Average orbital speed 934 m/s Inclination 7.090° to the local Laplace plane 32.55° to Neptune's equator Satellite of Neptune Physical characteristics Mean radius 170 ± 25 km Mass 3.1×1019 kg (assumed) Mean density 1.5 g/cm³ (assumed) Surface gravity ~0.072 m/s² Escape velocity ~0.156 km/s Synodic rotation period 0.48 d (11 h 31 min) Albedo 0.155 Temperature ~50 K mean (estimate)

Nereid Image of Nereid by Voyager 2 Discovery Discovered by Gerard P. Kuiper Discovery date May 1, 1949 Designations Adjectives Nereidian, Nereidean Orbital characteristics Epoch J2000 Periapsis 1,372,000 km (0.00917 AU) Apoapsis 9,655,000 km (0.06454 AU) Semi-major axis 5,513,787 km (0.03685 AU) Eccentricity 0.7507 Orbital period (sidereal) 360.1362 d Average orbital speed 934 m/s Inclination 7.090° to the local Laplace plane 32.55° to Neptune's equator Satellite of Neptune Physical characteristics Mean radius 170 ± 25 km Mass 3.1×1019 kg (assumed) Mean density 1.5 g/cm³ (assumed) Surface gravity ~0.072 m/s² Escape velocity ~0.156 km/s Synodic rotation period 0.48 d (11 h 31 min) Albedo 0.155 Temperature ~50 K mean (estimate)

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7225 Huntress Discovery  Discovered by E. Bowell Discovery site Anderson Mesa Station of the Lowell Observatory Discovery date 22 January 1983 Orbital characteristics  Epoch 27 June 2015 (JD 2457200.5) Uncertainty parameter 0 Observation arc 54.41 yr (19,872 days) Aphelion 2.8176 AU Perihelion 1.8646 AU Semi-major axis 2.3411 AU Eccentricity 0.2035 Orbital period (sidereal) 3.58 yr (1,308.4 days) Mean anomaly 22.044° Inclination 6.8705° Longitude of ascending node 275.75° Argument of perihelion 203.60° Earth MOID 0.8837 AU Physical characteristics Synodic rotation period 2.43995 h Spectral type S (SMASSII) Absolute magnitude (H) 13.1 mag

7225 Huntress Discovery  Discovered by E. Bowell Discovery site Anderson Mesa Station of the Lowell Observatory Discovery date 22 January 1983 Orbital characteristics  Epoch 27 June 2015 (JD 2457200.5) Uncertainty parameter 0 Observation arc 54.41 yr (19,872 days) Aphelion 2.8176 AU Perihelion 1.8646 AU Semi-major axis 2.3411 AU Eccentricity 0.2035 Orbital period (sidereal) 3.58 yr (1,308.4 days) Mean anomaly 22.044° Inclination 6.8705° Longitude of ascending node 275.75° Argument of perihelion 203.60° Earth MOID 0.8837 AU Physical characteristics Synodic rotation period 2.43995 h Spectral type S (SMASSII) Absolute magnitude (H) 13.1 mag

References

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