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Temple of Nakrah

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Temple of Nakrah
LocationBarāqish
RegionAl Jawf Governorate
Coordinates16°01′06″N 44°48′16″E / 16.018333°N 44.804444°E / 16.018333; 44.804444
TypeTemple
Length12 meters
Width11 meters
History
Founded6th century BC
Abandoned18th century
CulturesMinaeans
Site notes
Discovered1990-1992
ArchaeologistsAlessandro de Maigret
ConditionRestored (2003-2004)
Bombarded (2015)

The Minean Temple of Nakrah was a large square temple built by the Minaeans in the city of Barāqish.[1][2]

History

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The temple was built by Minaeans during the 6th century BC.[3] During medieval times, the temple was damaged by an earthquake.[4]

In 1986, the qadi Ismaïl Ali al-Akwa tasked the Italian archaeologist Alessandro de Maigret to excavate the site of Barāqish,[5] who discovered the temple in 1990 and 1992[6] (Italian Archaeological Mission[7] or Istituto Italiano per il Medio de Estremo Oriente. It is one of three temples in that city to have been discovered. 10 years after its discovery, funds were raised by the Yemeni and Italian governments to restore the temple in 2003 and 2004.[4][8]

The temple is reported as being badly destroyed by the ongoing Yemen Civil War having been bombed by the Saudi Arabian military as it was being used by Houthi forces.[9][10][11]

Description

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Ruins of Baraqish.

Its dimensions are almost square (12x11 meters) and the temple was composed of twelve monolithic pillars.[6] 14 statuettes (human figures, size 7 to 16 centimeters) were unearthed in the close vicinity of the temple, made of stucco-layered terracotta or just stucco.[7]

Baraqish is the best-preserved ancient walled town in Yemen, once had more than fifty towers and two gates, and its walls reached a height of to 14m. Located in the wide Wadi Fardha, it was previously known as Yathil, the dominant town in the Minean kingdom and an important centre on the incense route.[8]

Bibliography

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References

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  1. ^ Newsletter Archeologia (CISA), numero 0, pp.50-90 / Alessandro de Maigret: THE EXCAVATIONS OF THE ITALIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL MISSION AT BARÂQISH (REPUBLIC OF YEMEN)
  2. ^ Jacques Ryckmans: Die Altsüdarabische Religion. In: Werner Daum (Hrsg.): Jemen. Umschau, Frankfurt am Main, ISBN 3-7016-2251-5, S. 111–115.
  3. ^ (in French) Sabina Antonini, Francesco G. Fedele, Barāqish/Yathill (Yemen) 1986-2007: Excavations of Temple B and related research and restoration / Extramural excavations in Area C and overview studies, Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 6 May 2021
  4. ^ a b Barāqish, Monumentaorientalia.org
  5. ^ (in French) Alessandro de Maigret, Christian Robin, Le temple de Nakrah à Yathill (aujourd'hui Barāqish), Yémen. Résultats des deux premières campagnes de fouilles de la mission italienne, Persee.fr, 1993
  6. ^ a b Nakrah Temple, Petitfute.co.uk
  7. ^ a b Sabina Antonini, Statuettes from the excavations of the temple of Nakrah (Temple A) at Barāqish (Republic of Yemen), Wiley.com, 22 February 2007
  8. ^ a b UNESCO Director-General deplores destruction of parts of ancient city of Baraqish, calls for protection of Yemen's heritage, Unesco.org,
  9. ^ Unesco beklagt schwere Schäden an Jemens Kulturerbe .
  10. ^ Noah Browning und Mohammed Ghobari , "History a casualty in Yemen's war as bombs smash ancient sites", 15 May 2015.
  11. ^ Satellite-Based Damage Assessment of Cultural Heritage Sites 2015 Summary Report of Iraq, Nepal, Syria & Yemen June 2016.