Turkish-Georgian War (1921)
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| Ankara Government during the Red Army invasion of Georgia | |||||||||
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| Part of the Red Army invasion of Georgia | |||||||||
 Map of Turkish intervention of Georgian-held territories February–March 1921 | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Turkish Prosovisional Government |
 Georgian Democratical Republic | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Hüseyin Yalabık |
Giorgi Kvinitadze | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
| 15th army corps | National Guards of Georgia | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 20,000 |
(including 25 Ansaldo SVA-10s and one Sopwith Camel.)
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| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| 30 killed, 26 wounded and 46 missing[2] |
3,200 killed or captured,
Unknown number wounded | ||||||||
During the Red Army invasion of Georgia, Russian SFRS wanted Turkey to join the invasion.[4] Turkey intervened the invasion on 23 February 1921 and gave an Ultimatum to the Georgian government.[5] The war ended on 17 March 1921.
Background
[edit]During the invasion, Turkey was giving a war of independence. Turkish-Soviet Russia relationships was getting better after the invasion of Armenia, USSR asked Turks to bring an ambassador and Turks accepted this. The Bolsheviks was going to help Turks with giving ammunation and Rubles after the Treaty of Moscow.[6]
In addition, Ankara Government estavlished diplomatic relationships with Georgia on November 13, 1920, and recognized Georgia with its -current- borders.
Kâzım Dirik was appointed as the Tbilisi embassy by the Ankara Government during these times. Georgian ambassador Svimon Mdivani and his accompanying delegation were received by Mustafa Kemal Pasha in Ankara on February 8, 1921.
However, Russian SFSR wanted Turkey's contribution to the invasion of Georgia. The Russians showed this offer to Ali Fuat Pasha, who conveyed this offer to Ankara and Mustafa Kemal Pasha approved it.
However, the Ankara Government had even started to hold border negotiations with Georgia.[7] Still, the occupation started.
War
[edit]On 23 February 1921, Grand National Assembly issued an ultimatum that says Ardahan an Artvin should be evacuated and given to Turkey.[5] Even though the ultimatum never accepted in legality, The Mensheviks, under fire from both sides, had to accede, and the Turkish force advanced into Georgia, occupying the frontier areas. Although there was no serious conflict with Turkish and Georgian forces, minor clashes occurred in areas where evacuation was requested.[8]
Artvin
[edit]Turkish forces entered Artvin on 23 February 1921.[9]
Ardahan
[edit]Turkish forces entered Ardahan on 24 February, 1921.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ Iveria, 07/20/2024
- ^ Ayfer Özçelik: Ali Fuat Cebesoy: 1882-10 Ocak 1968, publisher Akçağ, 1993, page 206. (in Turkish)
- ^ According to a Russian statistician and Soviet-era dissident, Professor I.A. Kurganov, the 1921-2 military operations against Georgia took lives of about 20,000 people. "ГУЛАГ - с фотокамерой по лагерям. Пожертвования". Archived from the original on 2006-11-05. Retrieved 2006-11-03.
- ^ Atatürk ve Gürcistan
- ^ a b Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk, İstanbul, 1934, 2nd volume, p. 41
- ^ A. Şemsutdinov, Bir Karagün Dostu: Kurtuluş Savaşı Yıllarında Türkiye- Sovyetler Birliği İlişkileri, p. 241
- ^ "Roin Kavrelişvili - Nikoloz Akhalkatsi, Gürcistan Tarihçiliğinde Kars Antlaşması Üzerine Kısa Bir Değerlendirme". 16 September 2019. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
- ^ Kurtuluş Savaşı Günlerinde Doğu Siyasamız (Nisan 1920 - Mart 1921)
- ^ Milli Mücadele'de Doğu Cephesi
- ^ ARDAHAN TARİHÇESİ
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