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Arabic Transliteration Translationa Qur'anic usage Verb derivation only
1 الرحمن Ar-Raḥmān The Exceedingly Compassionate, The Exceedingly Beneficent, The Exceedingly Gracious (to all of humanity and all creatures) Beginning of every Surah (chapter) except one, and numerous other places. The first verse ('ayat) of Surah ar-Rahman (Surah 55) consists only of this Name.
2 الرحيم Ar-Raḥīm The Exceedingly Merciful Beginning of every Surah (chapter) except one, and numerous other places (there are a total of 114 Surahs in the Quran.)
3 الملك Al-Malik The King, The Sovereign 59:23, 20:114, 23:116
4 القدوس Al-Quddūs The Holy, The Divine, The Pure, The Purifier 59:23, 62:1
5 السلام As-Salām The Peace, The Source of Peace and Safety 59:23
6 المؤمن Al-Muʾmin The granter of security 59:23
7 المهيمن Al-Muhaymin The Controller 59:23
8 العزيز Al-ʿAzīz The Almighty, The Invulnerable, The Honorable 3:6, 4:158, 9:40, 48:7, 59:23
9 الجبار Al-Jabbār The Irresistible, The Compeller 59:23
10 المتكبر Al-Mutakabbir The Majestic, The Supreme 59:23
11 الخالق Al-Khāliq The Creator 6:102, 13:16, [1]36:81, 39:62, 40:62, 59:24
12 البارئ Al-Bāriʾ The Evolver, The Maker 59:24
13 المصور Al-Muṣawwir The Fashioner, The Shaper, The Designer 59:24
14 الغفار Al-Ghaffār The Repeatedly Forgiving 20:82, 38:66, 39:5, 40:42, 71:10
15 القهار Al-Qahhār The Subduer 12:39, 13:16, 14:48, 38:65, 39:4, 40:16
16 الوهاب Al-Wahhāb The Bestower 3:8, 38:9, 38:35
17 الرزاق Ar-Razzāq The Provider 51:58
18 الفتاح Al-Fattāḥ The Opener, The Victory Giver 34:26
19 العليم Al-ʿAlīm The All-Knowing, Omniscient 2:158, 3:92, 4:35, 24:41, 33:40
20 القابض Al-Qābiḍ The Restrainer, The Straightener 2:245 checkY
21 الباسط Al-Bāsiṭ The Extender / Expander 2:245
22 الخَافِض Al-Khāfiḍ The Abaser, The Humiliator, The Downgrader 56:3
23 الرافع Ar-Rāfiʿ The Exalter, The Upgrader 58:11, 6:83
24 المعز Al-Muʿizz The Giver of Honor 3:26
25 المذل Al-Muzill The Giver of Dishonor 3:26
26 السميع As-Samīʿ The All-Hearing 2:127, 2:256, 8:17, 49:1
27 البصير Al-Baṣīr The All-Seeing 4:58, 17:1, 42:11, 42:27
28 الحكم Al-Ḥakam The Judge, The Arbitrator 22:69
29 العدل Al-ʿAdl The Utterly Just 6:115
30 اللطيف Al-Laṭīf The Gentle, The Subtly Kind 6:103, 22:63, 31:16, 33:34
31 الخبير Al-Khabīr The All-Aware 6:18, 17:30, 49:13, 59:18
32 الحليم Al-Ḥalīm The Forbearing, The Indulgent 2:235, 17:44, 22:59, 35:41
33 العظيم Al-ʿAẓīm The Magnificent 2:255, 42:4, 56:96
34 الغفور Al-Ghafūr The Much-Forgiving 2:173, 8:69, 16:110, 41:32
35 الشكور Ash-Shakūr The Grateful 35:30, 35:34, 42:23, 64:17
36 العلي Al-ʿAlīy The Sublime 4:34, 31:30, 42:4, 42:51
37 الكبير Al-Kabīr The Great 13:9, 22:62, 31:30
38 الحفيظ Al-Ḥafīẓ The Preserver 11:57, 34:21, 42:6
39 المقيت Al-Muqīt The Nourisher 4:85
40 الحسيب Al-Ḥasīb The Bringer of Judgment 4:6, 4:86, 33:39
41 الجليل Al-Jalīl The Majestic 55:27, 39:14, 7:143
42 الكريم Al-Karīm The Bountiful, The Generous 27:40, 82:6
43 الرقيب Ar-Raqīb The Watchful 4:1, 5:117
44 المجيب Al-Mujīb The Responsive, The Answerer 11:61
45 الواسع Al-Wāsiʿ The Vast, The All-Embracing, The Omnipresent, The Boundless 2:268, 3:73, 5:54
46 الحكيم Al-Ḥakīm The All-Wise 31:27, 46:2, 57:1, 66:2
47 الودود Al-Wadūd The Loving 11:90, 85:14
48 المجيد Al-Majīd The All-Glorious, The Majestic 11:73
49 الباعث Al-Bāʿith The Resurrector 22:7
50 الشهيد Ash-Shahīd The Witness 4:166, 22:17, 41:53, 48:28
51 الحق Al-Ḥaqq The Truth, The Reality 6:62, 22:6, 23:116, 24:25
52 الوكيل Al-Wakīl The Trustee, The Dependable, The Advocate 3:173, 4:171, 28:28, 73:9
53 القوي Al-Qawwī The Strong 22:40, 22:74, 42:19, 57:25
54 المتين Al-Matīn The Firm, The Steadfast 51:58
55 الولي Al-Walī The Friend, Patron and Helper 4:45, 7:196, 42:28, 45:19
56 الحميد Al-Ḥamīd The All Praiseworthy 14:8, 31:12, 31:26, 41:42
57 المحصي Al-Muḥṣī The Accounter, The Numberer of All 72:28, 78:29, 82:10-12
58 المبدئ Al-Mubdiʾ The Originator, The Producer, The Initiator 10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13 checkY
59 المعيد Al-Muʿīd The Restorer, The Reinstater Who Brings Back All 10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13
60 المحيي Al-Muḥyī The Giver of Life 7:158, 15:23, 30:50, 57:2
61 المميت Al-Mumīt The Bringer of Death 3:156, 7:158, 15:23, 57:2
62 الحي Al-Ḥayy The Living 2:255, 3:2, 20:111, 25:58, 40:65
63 القيوم Al-Qayyūm The Subsisting, The Independent 2:255, 3:2, 20:111
64 الواجد Al-Wājid The Perceiver, The Finder, The Unfailing 38:44
65 الماجد Al-Mājid The Illustrious, The Magnificent 85:15, 11:73,
66 الواحد Al-Wāḥid The One, The Unique 2:163, 5:73, 9:31, 18:110
67 الاحد Al-ʾAḥad The Unity, The Indivisible 112:1
68 الصمد Aṣ-Ṣamad The Eternal, The Absolute, The Self-Sufficient 112:2
69 القادر Al-Qādir The All-Powerful, He Who is able to do Everything 6:65, 46:33, 75:40
70 المقتدر Al-Muqtadir The Determiner, The Dominant 18:45, 54:42, 54:55
71 المقدم Al-Muqaddim The Expediter, He Who Brings Forward 16:61, 17:34,
72 المؤخر Al-Muʾakhkhir The Delayer, He Who Puts Far Away 71:4
73 الأول Al-ʾAwwal The First, The Beginning-less 57:3
74 الأخر Al-ʾAkhir The Last, The Endless 57:3
75 الظاهر Aẓ-Ẓāhir The Manifest, The Evident, The Outer 57:3
76 الباطن Al-Bāṭin The Hidden, The Unmanifest, The Inner 57:3
77 الوالي Al-Wālī The Patron, The Protecting Friend, The Friendly Lord 13:11, 22:7
78 المتعالي Al-Mutaʿālī The Supremely Exalted, The Most High 13:9
79 البر Al-Barr The Good, The Beneficent 52:28
80 التواب At-Tawwāb The Ever-Returning, Ever-Relenting 2:128, 4:64, 49:12, 110:3
81 المنتقم Al-Muntaqim The Avenger 32:22, 43:41, 44:16
82 العفو Al-ʿAfū The Pardoner, The Effacer, The Forgiver 4:99, 4:149, 22:60
83 الرؤوف Ar-Raʾūf The Kind, The Pitying 3:30, 9:117, 57:9, 59:10
84 مالك الملك Mālik-ul-Mulk Owner of all Sovereignty 3:26
85
ذو الجلال والإكرام
Dhū-l-Jalāli
wa-l-ʾikrām
Lord of Majesty and Generosity 55:27, 55:78
86 المقسط Al-Muqsiṭ The Equitable, The Requiter 7:29, 3:18
87 الجامع Al-Jāmiʿ The Gatherer, The Unifier 3:9
88 الغني Al-Ghanī The Rich, The Independent 3:97, 39:7, 47:38, 57:24
89 المغني Al-Mughnī The Enricher, The Emancipator 9:28
90 المانع Al-Māniʿ The Withholder, The Shielder, The Defender 67:21
91 الضار Aḍ-Ḍārr The Distressor, The Harmer, The Afflictor 6:17
92 النافع An-Nāfiʿ The Propitious, The Benefactor, The Source of Good 30:37
93 النور An-Nūr The Light 24:35
94 الهادي Al-Hādī The Guide, The Way 22:54
95 البديع Al-Badīʿ The Incomparable, The Unattainable, The Beautiful 2:117, 6:101
96 الباقي Al-Bāqī The Immutable, The Infinite, The Everlasting 55:27
97 الوارث Al-Wārith The Heir, The Inheritor of All 15:23, 57:10
98 الرشيد Ar-Rashīd The Guide to the Right Path 2:256, 72:10
99 الصبور Aṣ-Ṣabūr The Timeless, The Patient 2:153, 3:200, 103:3

a Can vary based on context.



This user likes the poetry of Ahmed Fouad Negm





Before the advent of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula, a pre-Islamic 12 month calendar was in use. In addition to the 12 months listed below, there was also what was, in effect, an intercalary month, referred to as an-nasi'. Various interpretations of this word have been given, among them a "postponing". Use of this intercalary month meant that, in practical terms, the pre-Islamic calendar can be considered to have been a lunar-solar calendar, unklike the Islamic calendar which is strictly lunar. This had the effect of the maintenance of a more consistent relationship between the months and the seasons of the year.[2] Some sources say that the Arabs followed the Jewish practice and intercalated seven months over nineteen years, or else that they intercalated nine months over 24 years; there is, however, no consensus among scholars on this issue. [3] Referring to Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī (d. ca. 442 A.H./1050 C.E.), it has been posited that this intercalation was effected in order to accomodate the scheduling of seasonal trade cycles with annual pilgrimages,[4] as such pilgrimages were occurring at least two hundred years prior to the advent of Islam. Sources for the names of these pre-Islamic months are Al-muntakhab min gharīb kalām alʿarab [5] of Abū al-ḥasan ʿalī bin al-ḥasan bin al-ḥusayn al-hunāʾī ad-dūsā (d. 309 A.H./921 C.E.)(known more commonly as "Kurāʿ an-naml") and Lisān al-ʿarab[6] of Ibn Manẓūr (d. 711 A.H./1311 C.E.).

Number Jāhili الشهور الجاهلية Islamic الشهور الإسلامية
1 muʾtamir or al-muʾtamir مُؤْتَمِر أو المُؤْتَمِر muḥarram مُحَرَّم
2 nājir نَاجِر ṣafar صَفَر
3 jawwān or juwān خَوَّان أو خُوَّان rabīʿ al-ʾawwal ربيع الأول
4 wabṣān وَبْصَان rabīʿ al-ʾākhir or rabīʿ ath-thānī ربيع الآخر أو رابيع الثاني
5 ḥanīn حَنِين jumādā al-ʾūlā جمادى الأولى
6 rubba رُبَّى jumādā al-ʾākhirah or jumādā ath-thāniyah جمادى الآخرة أو جمادى الثانية
7 al-ʾaṣamm or munṣil al-ʾasinnah or al-muḥarram الأَصَمّ أو مُنْصِل الأَسِنّـَة أو المُحَرَّم rajab رجب
8 ʿādhil عَإذِل shaʿbān شعبان
9 nātiq نَاتِق ramaḍān رمضان
10 waʿl or waʿil وَعْل أو وَعِل shawwāl شَوّال
11 warnah وَرْنَة dhū al-qaʿdah ذو القعدة
12 burak or maymūn بُرَك أو مَيْمُون dhū al-ḥijjah ذو الحجّة
(an-nasīʾ) (النسيء)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ http://al-quran.info/#36:81
  2. ^ Bonner, Michael (2011). "Time has come full circle": Markets, fairs, and the calendar in Arabia before Islam" in Cook, Ahmed, Sadeghi, Behnam, Bonner, et al. The Islamic scholarly tradition : studies in history, law, and thought in honor of Professor Michael Allan Cook. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2011. ISBN 9789004194359. page 18.
  3. ^ Bonner 2011, page 21
  4. ^ Bonner 2011, page 22
  5. ^ 'Al-muntakhab min gharīb kalām alʿarab Cairo: Dār al-fajr li-n-nashr wa-t-tawzīʿ, 1989.
  6. ^ Lisān al-ʿarabBeirut: Dār Lisān al-ʿarab, 1970.