User:森津/sandbox
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| Satyrus actaea, Languedoc-Roussillon, France | |
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| Satyrodes appalachia, Woodbridge, Virginia, USA | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Subfamily: | Satyrinae Boisduval, 1833 |
| Tribes[1] | |
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| Diversity[2][3] | |
| 261 genera, at least 2500 species | |
The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a largest subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distinct family, Satyridae. In addition, three tribes that have been considered as independent subfamilies: Morphini, Brassolini and Amathusiini are included in this subfamily according to currently Molecular systematics.
Distribution and Diversity
[edit]This subfamily contains between 2500 and 3000 species and is the largest known subfamily of Nymphalidae. It has a widespread distribution and can be found on all continents except Antarctica.
Morphology
[edit]Biology
[edit]Taxonomy
[edit]Footnotes
[edit]Notes
[edit]Sources
[edit]References
[edit]{{Div col|rules=yes}} * {{Cite journal | first = Lu | last = Chen | first2 = Niklas | last2 = Wahlberg | first3 = Cheng-Qing | last3 = Liao | first4 = Chen-Bin | last4 = Wang | first5 = Fang-Zhou | last5 = Ma | first6 = Guo-Hua | last6 = Huang | title = Fourteen complete mitochondrial genomes of butterflies from the genus ''Lethe'' (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) with mitogenome-based phylogenetic analysis | journal = Genomics | volume = 112 | issue = 6 | year = 2020 | pages = 4435-4441 | doi = 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.042 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0888754319310559?via%3Dihub | ref = harv }}<!-- Chen|Wahlberg|Liao|Wang|2020 --> * {{Cite journal | first = André Victor Lucci | last = Freitas | authorlink = species:André Victor Lucci Freitas | first2 = Keith S. | last2 = Brown Jr. | title = Phylogeny of the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) | journal = Systematic Biology | volume = 53 | issue = 3 | year = 2004 | pages = 363–383 | doi = 10.1080/10635150490445670 | url = https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/53/3/363/2842844 | ref = harv }}<!-- Freitas|Brown Jr.|2004 --> * {{Cite journal | first = André V.L. | last = Freitas | first2 = Luísa L. | last2 = Mota | first3 = Eduardo P. | last3 = Barbosa | first4 = Junia Y.O. | last4 = Carreira | title = Immature stages of the Selaginella-feeding ''Euptychia mollina'' (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Brazilian Amazon | journal = Zoologia | volume = 36 | year = 2019 | pages = 1-7 | doi = 10.3897/zoologia.36.e32053 | url = https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/32053 | ref = harv }}<!-- Freitas|Mota|Barbosa|Carreira|2019 --> * {{Cite book | first = D.J. | last = Harvey | authorlink = species:Donald James Harvey | chapter = Higher classification of the Nymphalidae, Appendix B. | editor = Nijhout, H.F. (ed) | title = The Development and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns | publisher = Smithsonian Institution Press | year = 1991 | pages = 255-273 | url = http://www.nymphalidae.net/Nymphalidae/Classification/Harvey.htm | ref = harv }}<!-- Harvey|1991 --> * {{Cite book | first = G. | last = Lamas | authorlink = species:Gerardo Lamas | title = Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea | series = Atlas of neotropical Lepidoptera | publisher = Association for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers | year = 2004 | isbn = 0945417284 | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/atlas-of-neotropical-lepidoptera-checklist-v-5a-pt-4a-hesperioidea-papilionoidea/oclc/58754755 | ref = harv }}<!-- Lamas|2004 --> * {{Cite journal | first = Lee D. | last = Miller | authorlink = species:Lee Denmar Miller | title = The higher classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera) | journal = Memoirs of the American Entomological Society | volume = 24 | year = 1968 | pages = 1-174 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/49866 | ref = harv }}<!-- Miller|1968 --> * {{Cite journal | first = Carlos | last = Peña | authorlink = species:Carlos Peña | first2 = Niklas | last2 = Wahlberg | first3 = Elisabet | last3 = Weingartner | first4 = Ullasa | last4 = Kodandaramaiah | first5 = Sören | last5 = Nylin | first6 = André V.L. | last6 = Freitas | first7 = Andrew V.Z. | last7 = Brower | title = Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 40 | issue = 1 | year = 2006 | pages = 29-49 | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.007 | url = http://www.nymphalidae.net/Penaetal2006.pdf | ref = harv }}<!-- Peña|Wahlberg|Weingartner|Kodandaramaiah|2006 --> * {{Cite journal | first = Carlos | last = Peña | first2 = Niklas | last2 = Wahlberg | title = Prehistorical climate change increased diversification of a group of butterflies | journal = Biology Letters | volume = 4 | year = 2008 | pages = 274-278 | doi = 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0062 | url = http://www.nymphalidae.net/PenaWahlberg2008.pdf | ref = harv }}<!-- Peña|Wahlberg|2008 --> ** {{Cite journal | first = Carlos | last = Peña | first2 = Niklas | last2 = Wahlberg | title = ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL | year = 2008 | url = http://www.nymphalidae.net/supp_mat_Pena_Wahlberg_2008.pdf | ref = {{SfnRef|Peña & Wahlberg 2008. suppl.}} }}<!-- Peña & Wahlberg 2008. suppl. --> * {{Cite book | first = Carla M. | last = Penz | authorlink = species:Carla Maria Penz | chapter = Exploring Color Pattern Diversification in Early Lineages of Satyrinae (Nymphalidae) | editor = Sekimura, T.; Nijhout, H.(eds) | title = Diversity and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns | year = 2017 | publisher = Springer | page = 21-37 | doi = 10.1007/978-981-10-4956-9_2 | isbn = 978-981-10-4956-9 | url = https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-10-4956-9_2 | ref = harv }}<!-- Penz|2017 --> * {{Cite web | first = Niklas | last = Wahlberg | authorlink = species:Niklas Wahlberg | title = The Nymphalidae Systematics Group | url = http://www.nymphalidae.net/ | accessdate = 2021-10-21 }} ** {{Cite web | author = Peña, Carlos; Wahlberg, Niklas | title = Satyrinae | website = NYMPHALIDAE.net | url = http://www.nymphalidae.net/Nymphalidae/General/Satyrinae.htm | ref = {{SfnRef|Peña & Wahlberg}} | accessdate = 2021-10-21 }}<!-- Peña & Wahlberg --> ** {{Cite web | first = Niklas | last = Wahlberg | title = The higher classification of Nymphalidae | website = NYMPHALIDAE.net | year = 2019 | url = http://www.nymphalidae.net/Nymphalidae/Classification/Higher_class.htm | ref = harv | accessdate = 2021-10-21 }}<!-- Wahlberg|2019 --> {{Div col end}}