User:Afernand74/sandbox 3

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Example of gaussian vaults in a monument to its inventor, Eladio Dieste, in the Uruguayan city of Salto.

The Gaussian vault is a reinforced masonry construction technique invented by Uruguayan engineer Eladio Dieste to build thin-shell barrel vaults and wide curved roof spans that are resistant to buckling.[1][2][3]

Gaussian vaults consist of a series of interlocking, curved, single-layer brick arches that can span large distances without the need for supporting columns. This allows the construction of lightweight, efficient and visually striking structures. These arches are characterised by the use of a double curvature form, which allows for greater structural efficiency and a reduction in the amount of building materials required.

They are particularly suited to the construction of churches, community centres and industrial buildings, as well as other structures that require large open spaces.[4]

The term "Gaussian", coined by Dieste himself, typically refers to the bell-shaped curve often used in statistics and probability theory. Dieste's new combination of bricks, steel reinforcement and mortar is also called "cerámica armada" (reinforced ceramic).

History[edit]

[5][6]

https://issuu.com/ayrpress/docs/091002_trabajo_tutelado_r

Description[edit]

The construction technique of reinforced masonry consists of placing steel reinforced bars at the junction of the brick courses. The behavior of the reinforced brick layer similar to that of a reinforced concrete beam.[7][8][9] The thin-shell, single-thickness brick structure derives its rigidity and strength from a double-curved catenary arch form that resists buckling failure.[10][11][12][13][14] The structural masonry fulfils a structural function by supporting itself and the roof without beams or columns.

The structural brickwork fulfills a structural function by supporting itself and the roof without beams or columns.

This construction system allows the design of thin-shell, single-layer brick structures by combining bricks, iron and mortar, built on a movable formwork. They are structures that are able to withstand the loads placed on them thanks to their shape rather than their mass, which results in a lower material requirement.[15]The number of courses of bricks in which the reinforcement bar is placed depends on the span to be overcome. The mortar in these layers is increased in cement dosage. The reinforcement must be of a corrosion resistant alloy.

This type of construction has been widely accepted because it allows for greater lightness, prefabrication and systematization in the repetition of its components, with competitive costs.[16][17]

The discovery of this construction system, as well as its development, introduction and implementation, earned the engineer Dieste worldwide recognition from the international community and eventually from UNESCO[18][19][20][21]

Usage[edit]

Gaussian vault of the Church of Christ the Worker and Our Lady of Lourdes

Dieste applied this construction technique to his first architectural work: the church of Christ the Worker and Our Lady of Lourdes (1958–1960), in the small village of Atlántida.[22][23] It became an renowned architectural landmark, described as "a simple rectangle, with side walls rising up in undulating curves to the maximum amplitude of their arcs, these walls supporting a similarly undulating roof, composed of a sequence of reinforced brick gaussian vaults".[24] In 2021 the Church was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "The work of engineer Eladio Dieste: Church of Atlántida".[24]

In 1998, Dieste used the same construction techniques in the Church of Saint John of Ávila in a modern neighbourhood of Alcalá de Henares, Spain.[25][26]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Moonen, Marcel. "Eladio Dieste, and the curvature of a brick". marcelmoonen.com. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  2. ^ "How to build a gaussian vault that spans 100's of feet with Eladio Dieste". Tumblr. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  3. ^ Pedreschi, R. (2006). "The Structural Behaviour and Design of Free-Standing Barrel Vaults of Eladio Dieste". S2CID 115605521. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-10-23. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ Dieste (PDF). Documents de Projectes d’Arquitectura. Barcelona: UPC. 1999. ISBN 84-8301-331-2. OCLC 928224195. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-03-06. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  5. ^ Sarrablo Moreno, Vicente; Roviras, Jordi (2019). "Bóvedas cerámicas. Un viaje transatlántico de ida y vuelta" (PDF). Palimpsesto (19): 17–19. doi:10.5821/palimpsesto.19.8216. hdl:2117/134642. ISSN 2014-9751. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-01-29. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
  6. ^ Sanz, Antonio Miguel Trallero; Palma, Ana María Marín (2005). "El nacimiento de la cerámica armada" (PDF). Actas del Cuarto Congreso Nacional de Historia de la Construcción: Cádiz. 27-29 de enero de 2005, Vol. 2, 2005, ISBN 84-9728-146-2, págs. 707-715. Instituto Juan de Herrera: 707–715. ISBN 978-84-9728-149-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-07-07. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
  7. ^ Marín Palma, Ana María; Barluenga Badiola, Gonzalo (2014). "Eladio Dieste y la cerámica armada: la forma de lo resistente" [Eladio Dieste and the reinforced ceramic: Shape and structure]. Arquitecturas del Sur (in Spanish). 32 (45 (Junio)): 90–103. ISSN 0716-2677.
  8. ^ Mas Guindal, Antonio J.; Adell, Josep Maria (2005-04-30). "Eladio Dieste y la cerámica estructural en Uruguay". Informes de la Construcción. 56 (496): 13–23. doi:10.3989/ic.2005.v57.i496.459. ISSN 1988-3234. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
  9. ^ Pedreschi, Remo (2000). "Only the essential – Gaussian vaults". The Engineer's Contribution to Contemporary Architecture: Eladio Dieste. Thomas Telford. pp. 46–64. ISBN 978-0-7277-2772-5. Archived from the original on 2023-01-28. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  10. ^ Carbonell, Galaor (1987). Eladio DIeste – La estructura cerámica. Colección SomoSur. Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad de los Andes (Colombia). ISBN 9082343. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  11. ^ Adell Argilés, Josep María (1992). "Las bóvedas de la Atlántida". Informes de la construcción (in Spanish). 44 (421): 113–123. ISSN 0020-0883. Archived from the original on 2022-07-11. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  12. ^ Dieste, Eladio (1985). Cáscaras autoportantes de directriz catenaria sin tímpanos [Self-supporting shells with catenary guideline without spandrels]. EDICIONES BANDA ORIENTAL.
  13. ^ Dieste, Eladio (1985). Pandeo de láminas de doble curvatura [Buckling of double curvature sheets]. EDICIONES BANDA ORIENTAL.
  14. ^ Pedreschi, R.; Theodossopoulos, D. (2007). "The double-curvature masonry vaults of Eladio Dieste". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Structures and Buildings. 160 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1680/stbu.2007.160.1.3. ISSN 0965-0911. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  15. ^ López, D. López; Mele, T. Van; Block, P. (2016-11-03), Van Balen, Koen; Verstrynge, Els (eds.), "Dieste, González Zuleta and Sánchez del Río: Three approaches to reinforced-brick shell structures" (PDF), Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls, CRC Press, pp. 571–578, doi:10.1201/9781315616995-76, hdl:2117/120384, ISBN 978-1-315-61699-5, archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-04-26, retrieved 2023-01-28
  16. ^ González Pozo, Alberto (1995). "The Reinforced brick shells of the Uruguayan Eladio Dieste". Deutsche Bauzeitung: 120–129.
  17. ^ Cabeza Lainez, Jose Maria; Jimenez Verdejo, Juan Ramon; Sanchez-Montanes Macias, Benito; Perez Calero, Jose Ignacio (2009). "The Key-role of Eladio Dieste, Spain and the Americas in the Evolution from Brickwork to Architectural Form". Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 8 (2): 355–362. doi:10.3130/jaabe.8.355. ISSN 1346-7581. S2CID 110534760.
  18. ^ "Patrimonio Mundial | Comisión UNESCO Uruguay" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
  19. ^ Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Comisión del Patrimonio Cultural de la Naciónes (2017). Iglesia de la Parroquia de Cristo Obrero y Nuestra Señora de Lourdes – Plan de Conservación y Manejo (PDF) (in Spanish). Canelones. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-12-24. Retrieved 2023-01-28.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  20. ^ Anderson, Stanford (2004). Eladio Dieste : innovation in structural art (1st ed.). New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 1-56898-371-9. OCLC 53331653.
  21. ^ Pedreschi, Remo F.; Theodossopoulos, Dimitiris (2010). "Eladio Dieste – resistance through form". In da Sousa Cruz, Paulo J. (ed.). Structures & Architecture. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-6297-1.
  22. ^ Anderson, Stanford. "The Hyperbolic Brick of Eladio Dieste". Architectureweek.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-25. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  23. ^ Dieste, Eladio (1947). "Bóveda nervada de ladrillos "de espejo"" [Ribbed vaulting of "mirror" bricks]. Revista de ingeniería. 473: 510–512.
  24. ^ a b UNESCO (27 July 2021). "Cultural sites in Africa, Arab Region, Asia, Europe, and Latin America inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  25. ^ de la Hoz Martínez, Juan de Dios; Clemente San Román, Carlos (1998-02-28). "La construcción con cerámica armada. Iglesia de San Juan de Ávila, en Alcalá de Henares/España" [Building with reinforced ceramics. San Juan de Avila church, in Alcalá de Henares/spain]. Informes de la Construcción (in Spanish). 49 (453): 41–53. doi:10.3989/ic.1998.v49.i453.919. ISSN 1988-3234. Archived from the original on 2012-06-27. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  26. ^ "Aproximaciones geométricas II – iglesia San Juan de Avila – conoides/bóvedas gausas" [Geometric Approximations II – St. John of Avila Church – conoids/Gaussian vaults] (PDF). InSitu. 22. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-02-23. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

Further reading[edit]

[[Category:Uruguayan inventions]] [[Category:Building materials]]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Afernand74/sandbox_3&oldid=1187962402"