User:Aidanflores12/Gangs in the United States/Bibliography

You will be compiling your bibliography and creating an outline of the changes you will make in this sandbox.

Bibliography

As you gather the sources for your Wikipedia contribution, think about the following:

Is the source from a reliable publication?
- Reliable publications include established newspapers, academic journals and books, textbooks, and other published sources with reputations for accuracy and fact-checking.
- Unreliable sources include blog posts and other self-published works, press releases, and social media posts.
Is the source verifiable?
- In order for a source to be considered verifiable, other editors should be able to consult the source.
Is the source independent of the subject?
- Is the source connected in any way to the subject? This is especially important when writing biographies or about organizations.
- For example, if you were writing a biography, sources like the person's webpage or personal blog would not be considered independent.
Is the source primary or secondary?
- Primary sources include first-hand accounts, autobiographies, and other original content.
- Wikipedia allows limited use of primary sources, but typically only for straightforward, descriptive statements of facts, and only if they are published and verifiable without requiring specialized knowledge.
- Secondary sources should be the main basis for a biography on Wikipedia.
If you're working on a topic related to medicine or psychology, ensure that your sources follow these special guidelines.
If you're creating a new article, consider the following:
- Ensure that your topic meets Wikipedia's notability guidelines.
- In order for a topic to meet the notability requirement, you must be able to identify 2-3 sources that are reliable, verifiable, and independent of the subject you're writing about.
- Finding sufficient sources to establish notability can be especially hard when writing about people or organizations.
- Sources that are not independent of the subject might be useful additions, but don't count towards the notability requirement.
- Wikipedia has developed special guidelines for writing about living persons. Please follow these carefully.
- Wikipedia has a series of guidelines for writing about different categories of people, such as academics and artists. If you're trying to create a new entry about a living person, please look at these carefully.

If you're not sure whether a source is reliable, ask a librarian! If you have questions about Wikipedia's sourcing rules, you can use the Get Help button below to contact your Wikipedia Expert.

Get Help

Bibliography

Edit this section to compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment. Add the name and/or notes about what each source covers, then use the "Cite" button to generate the citation for that source.

Schneider, Eric C. Vampires, Dragons, and Egyptian Kings. N.p.: Princeton University Press, 1999.^[1]
- This is a book published by a university press, therefore it should be reliable as it discusses youth gang conflicts in detail.
Foulkes, Julia L. "The Other West Side Story: Urbanization and the Arts Meet at Lincoln Center." Amerikastudien / American Studies 52, no. 2 (2007): 227-47.^[2]
- This source is an article from an American studies journal that references the musical West Side Story, which was based on actual gang conflicts in New York.
Herrera, Brian Eugenio. "Compiling 'West Side Story's' Parahistories, 1949-2009." Theatre Journal 64, no. 2 (2012): 231-47.^[3]
- This is a peer-reviewed article from a theatre journal that has a basis in West Side Story. However, it still has many key themes about Puerto Rican assimilation and ideas of being “American,” especially due to conflict with white gangs.
Short, James F. "Youth, Gangs and Society: Micro- and Macrosociological Processes." The Sociological Quarterly 15, no. 1 (1974): 3-19.^[4]
- This article is from a peer-reviewed journal that provides good background information and also specific information when it comes to the complexities of youth racial tensions.
Bernard-carreño, Regina. "Puertoricans in New York." Counterpoints 366 (2010): 61-75.^[5]
- This article is from a journal and provides good context for the Puerto Rican side of racial conflict especially.
McDonald, Scott C. “Does Gentrification Affect Crime Rates?” Crime and Justice 8 (1986): 163–201.^[6]
- This article is from a peer-reviewed journal that provides a professional view on one aspect of the racial conflict.
LORRIN THOMAS. “Foreign, Dark, Young, Citizen: Puerto Rican Youth and the Forging of an American Identity, 1930–70.” In A Nation of Immigrants Reconsidered, 213-. University of Illinois Press, 2018.^[7]
- This is a book published by a university press, therefore it should be reliable as it discusses the Puerto Rican side of youth gang conflicts in detail.

Examples:

Luke, Learie. 2007. Identity and secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889–1980 Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press.
- This is a book published by a university press, so it should be a reliable source. It also covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (2013-11-08). "Sabinaria , a new genus of palms (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from the Colombia-Panama border". Phytotaxa.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source. It covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source for a specific fact. Since it only dedicates a few sentences to the topic, it can't be used to establish notability.

References

^ C. Schneider, Eric (1999). Vampires, Dragons, and Egyptian Kings: Youth Gangs in Postwar New York. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-22330-8.
^ Foulkes, Julia L. (2007). "The Other West Side Story: Urbanization and the Arts Meet at Lincoln Center". Amerikastudien / American Studies. 52 (2): 227–247. ISSN 0340-2827.
^ Herrera, Brian Eugenio (2012). "Compiling "West Side Story's" Parahistories, 1949-2009". Theatre Journal. 64 (2): 231–247. ISSN 0192-2882.
^ Short, James F. (1974). "Youth, Gangs and Society: Micro- and Macrosociological Processes". The Sociological Quarterly. 15 (1): 3–19. ISSN 0038-0253.
^ Bernard-Carreño, Regina (2010). "Puertoricans in New York". Counterpoints. 366: 61–75. ISSN 1058-1634.
^ McDonald, Scott C. (1986). "Does Gentrification Affect Crime Rates?". Crime and Justice. 8: 163–201. ISSN 0192-3234.
^ Thomas, Lorrin (2018). A Nation of Immigrants Reconsidered. University of Illinois Press. pp. 213–230. ISBN 0252042212.

Outline of proposed changes

Click on the edit button to draft your outline.

Now that you have compiled a bibliography, it's time to plan out how you'll improve your assigned article.

In this section, write up a concise outline of how the sources you've identified will add relevant information to your chosen article. Be sure to discuss what content gap your additions tackle and how these additions will improve the article's quality.

Consider other changes you'll make to the article, including possible deletions of irrelevant, outdated, or incorrect information, restructuring of the article to improve its readability or any other change you plan on making. This is your chance to really think about how your proposed additions will improve your chosen article and to vet your sources even further.

Note: This is not a draft. This is an outline/plan where you can think about how the sources you've identified will fill in a content gap.

Get Help

I plan to edit the Wikipedia page for, "Gangs in the United States" to add more specific information about Puerto Rican gangs in New York in the 1940s and 1950s. I will add writing to the heading, "Hispanic Gangs" in order to flesh out this time period as this was when these gangs' tensions with white gangs were the most prevalent. I will mostly focus on this conflict as being a racially charged one and not merely about turf and location. I also plan to edit the first paragraph under the heading, "Postwar growth and change: 1940-1990" in order to fit much of the historical context that would be necessary for the section I'll be writing later in the article.

[1] C. Schneider, Eric (1999). Vampires, Dragons, and Egyptian Kings: Youth Gangs in Postwar New York. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-22330-8.

[2] Foulkes, Julia L. (2007). "The Other West Side Story: Urbanization and the Arts Meet at Lincoln Center". Amerikastudien / American Studies. 52 (2): 227–247. ISSN 0340-2827.

[3] Herrera, Brian Eugenio (2012). "Compiling "West Side Story's" Parahistories, 1949-2009". Theatre Journal. 64 (2): 231–247. ISSN 0192-2882.

[4] Short, James F. (1974). "Youth, Gangs and Society: Micro- and Macrosociological Processes". The Sociological Quarterly. 15 (1): 3–19. ISSN 0038-0253.

[5] Bernard-Carreño, Regina (2010). "Puertoricans in New York". Counterpoints. 366: 61–75. ISSN 1058-1634.

[6] McDonald, Scott C. (1986). "Does Gentrification Affect Crime Rates?". Crime and Justice. 8: 163–201. ISSN 0192-3234.

[7] Thomas, Lorrin (2018). A Nation of Immigrants Reconsidered. University of Illinois Press. pp. 213–230. ISBN 0252042212.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]