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{{Infobox person | name = | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {birth date||||mf=y} | birth_place = [[]], United Kingdom | death_date = {death date and age|||||||mf=y} | death_place = | nationality = English | other_names = | occupation = | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = | spouse = | mother = | father = | children = | relatives = | alma_mater = Somerville College, Oxford } ' née ' (–), was a British


References

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[[Category:Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford] [[Category: births] [[Category: deaths] [[Category:English women ] [[Category:20th-century English women] [[Category:] [[Category:] [[Category:] [1]

Somerville College Novelists

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[1] [Leonardi, Susan J.: Dangerous by degrees : women at Oxford and the Somerville College novelists] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [] [] [] []

[[:Category:Culture of the University of Oxford] [[:Category:History of the University of Oxford] [[:Category:Writing circles] [[:Category:English literary movements] [[:Category:19th-century British literature] [[:Category:20th-century British literature]








History of Somerville College, Oxford

[edit]

Founding

[edit]

In June 1878, the Association for the Higher Education of Women was formed, aiming for the eventual creation of a college for women in Oxford. Some of the more prominent members of the association were George Granville Bradley, Master of University College, T. H. Green, a prominent liberal philosopher and Fellow of Balliol College, and Edward Stuart Talbot, Warden of Keble College. Talbot insisted on a specifically Anglican institution, which was unacceptable to most of the other members. The two parties eventually split, and Talbot's group (the "Christ Church camp") founded Lady Margaret Hall, which opened its doors for students in 1879, the same year as Somerville did.[2]

Thus, in 1879, a second committee was formed to create a college "in which no distinction will be made between students on the ground of their belonging to different religious denominations."[a][3] This committee was called the "Balliol camp" and had close ties to the Liberal Party.[4][5] This second committee included John Percival, George William Kitchin, A. H. D. Acland, Thomas Hill Green, Mary Ward,[6] William Sidgwick, Henry Nettleship, Walter Pater and A. G. Vernon Harcourt.[5]

This new effort resulted in the founding of Somerville Hall, named for the then recently deceased Scottish mathematician and renowned scientific writer Mary Somerville.[2] It was felt that the name would reflect the virtues of liberalism and academic success which the college wished to embody.[7] She was admired by the founders of the college as a scholar, as well as for her religious and political views, including her conviction that women should have equality in terms of suffrage and access to education.

Madeleine Shaw Lefevre was chosen as the first Principal because, although not a well-known academic at the time, her background was felt to reflect the college's political stance.[8] Because of its status as both women's college and non-denominational institution, Somerville was widely regarded within Oxford as "an eccentric and somewhat alarming institution."[9]

Mary Somerville, 1780–1872, after whom the College is named

Women's college

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When opened, Somerville Hall had twelve students, ranging in age between 17 and 36.[10] The first 21 students from Somerville and Lady Margaret Hall attended lectures in rooms above an Oxford baker's shop on Little Clarendon Street.[11] Just two of the original 12 students admitted in 1879 remained in Oxford for three years, the period for which male students had to remain to complete a bachelor's degree.[12]

Increasingly, however, as the college admitted more students, it became more formalized. Somerville appointed its first in-house tutor in 1892 and, by the end of the 1890s, female students were permitted to attend lectures in almost all colleges.[13] In 1891 it became the first women's hall to introduce entrance exams and in 1894 the first of the five women's halls of residence to adopt the title of 'college' (changing its name to Somerville College),[14] the first of them to appoint its own teaching staff, and the first to build a library.[15] In Oxford legend it soon became known as the 'bluestocking college', its excellent examination results refuting the widespread belief that women were incapable of high academic achievement.[15]

In the 1910s, Somerville became known for its support for the women's suffrage campaign.[16] In 1920, Oxford University allowed women to matriculate and therefore gain degrees.[17][18] All female students had to be chaperoned when in the presence of male students from the college's inception. The practice was abolished in 1925, although male visitors to the college were still subject to a curfew.[19] In 1925, during the principalship of Janet Vaughan, Somerville's college charter was granted.

World War One

[edit]

During World War I the college was converted into a military hospital as Somerville Section of the 3rd Southern General Hospital, adjacent to the Radcliffe Infirmary.[20] For the duration of the war, Somerville students relocated to Oriel College.[16] Because many male students had left Oxford to enlist in the military, Somerville was able to rent St Mary Hall Quad which they bricked off from the rest of the college to segregate it from the Oriel's remaining male students.[21] Many students and tutors were involved in work in World War I and some of them went to the Western Front in France.

Notable patients who stayed in Somerville include Robert Graves and Siegfried Sassoon. Graves and Sassoon were both to reminisce of their time at Somerville Hospital. How unlike you to crib my idea of going to the Ladies' College at Oxford, Sassoon wrote to Graves in 1917, and called it very much like Paradise. At Somerville College, Graves met his first love, a nurse and professional pianist called Marjorie. About his time at Somerville, he wrote: I enjoyed my stay at Somerville. The sun shone, and the discipline was easy. Officer Llewelyn Davies died at the college. Photographs of the college in this period can be found hanging in Hall, outside the pantry.

Once the war ended, the return to normality between Oriel College and Somerville College was delayed, sparking both frustration and an incident in spring 1919 known as the 'Oriel raid', in which male students made a hole in the wall dividing the sexes. In July 1919 the Principal (Emily Penrose) and Fellows returned to Somerville.

Alumna Vera Brittain wrote about the impact of the war in Oxford and paid tribute to the work of the Principal, Miss Penrose, in her memoir Testament of Youth.

Admission of men

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Starting in the 1970s, the traditionally all-male colleges in Oxford began to admit female students.[22] Since it was assumed that recruiting from a wider demographic would guarantee better students, there was pressure on single-sex colleges to change their policy to avoid falling down the rankings.[23] All-female colleges, like Somerville, found it increasingly difficult to attract good applicants and fell to the bottom of the intercollegiate academic rankings during the period.[24]

During the 1980s, there was much debate as to whether women's colleges should become mixed. Somerville remained a women's college until 1992, when its statutes were amended to permit male students and fellows; the first male fellows were appointed in 1993, and the first male students admitted in 1994.[25][26] Somerville became the second-last college (after St Hilda's) to become coeducational.[27] With an intake 50% male/female; a gender balance maintained to this day, though without formal quotas.

In the 1890s Somerville helped fashion the "New Woman"; a century later….the college has set itself the perhaps greater challenge of educating the "New Man."

— Pauline Adams, Somerville for Women[28][29]






Buildings of Somerville College, Oxford

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Walton House

[edit]
House from the Quad

The original building of Somerville Hall, Walton House (commonly called 'House') was built in 1826 and purchased from St John's College in 1880 amid fears that the men's colleges might, in the future, repossess the site for their own purposes.[10] The house could only accommodate 7 of the 12 students who came up to Oxford in the first year.[30] In 1881, Sir Thomas Graham Jackson was commissioned to build a new south wing which could accommodate eleven more students. In 1892, Walter Cave added a north wing and an extra storey. He also installed a gatehouse at the Woodstock Road entrance. In 1897/98, the 'Eleanor Smith cottages' were built, adjoining Walton House.[31]

Today House is home to some students. It also contains Green Hall, where guests to College are often greeted and in which prospective students are registered and wait for interviews. Until 2014, it housed the college bar. Most of the administration of college and academic pigeon-hole messageboxes are located in House. A staircase from Green Hall leads up to Hall. Somerville's dining hall has a curved ceiling and wooden panelling and is one of very few in Oxford to contain portraits only of women.

Park

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Main Quad (looking westwards), from left to right: Penrose, Wolfson, Park, Holtby

Originally known as West, due to its location within the college, the project to build a second self-contained hall was an attempt to imitate Newnham College, Cambridge. The building was designed by Harry Wilkinson Moore and built in two stages. The 1885-7 phase saw the construction of rooms for 18 students with their own dining-room, sitting rooms and Vice-Principal. This was a deliberate policy aimed at replicating the family environment that the women students had left.[31] This arangement had the effect of turning House and West into rivals.[32] The second building stage (1888-1895) created two sets of tutors' rooms, a further 19 rooms and the West Lodge (now Park Lodge).[30] It was renamed Park in honour of Daphne Park, the Principal from 1980 to 1989.

There are over 60 student rooms and Fellows' rooms within the building. There is a music room and computer room. Park is a Grade II-listed building.[33]

Library*

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Somerville College Library

Designed by Basil Champneys in 1903 and opened by John Morley the following year, Somerville College Library was the first purpose-built library amongst the women's colleges of the university. Specially for this opening, Demeter was written by Robert Bridges and performed for the first time. As such it was designed to serve readers beyond the membership of the college and to contain 60,000 volumes despite the college only possessing 6000 in 1903. The Grade II-listed building now contains around 120,000 items and is the second largest college library in the university.

Amelia Edwards, John Stuart Mill, John Ruskin and Vera Brittain are notable benefactors to the library.[34]

The John Stuart Mill room contains what was Mill's personal library in London at the time of his death, with significant annotations in many of the books.[35]

The library dominates the north wing of the main quadrangle and is open 24 hours, with wifi access which is college-wide, a group study room, and many computers. It has with 100% the highest library satisfaction according to the annual student surveys.[36]

Hall and Maitland

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View of Hall and Maitland (right) from the quad
High Table in Hall

Until 1911, there was no hall large enough to seat the entire college. The buildings were designed by Edmund Fisher in Queen Anne style and Edwardian Baroque architecture. Maitland Hall and Maitland were opened by H. A. L. Fisher, the Vice-Chancellor of the University and Gilbert Murray.[37] Murray, whose translations of Greek drama were performed at Somerville in 1912 and 1946, supported Somerville in many ways, including endowing its first research fellowship. A fund was raised as a memorial to Miss Maitland, the principal of Somerville Hall (College from 1894) from 1889 to 1906. This money was used to pay for the oak panelling in Hall. The panelling of the south wall was specially designed to frame the portrait of Mary Somerville by John Jackson.[38] The buildings were constructed on the site of an adjoining building gifted to Somerville by E. J. Forester in 1897 and bought from University and Balliol Colleges for £4000 and £1,400.[30] There was difficulty in the construction of the buildings, which is now thought to have been the result of the outer limit of the Oxford city fortifications running under the site. In 1935, Morley Horder reconstructed the archway which connected Maitland Hall and the south wing of Walton House. In 1947, André Gide gave a lecture in the hall.[37]

Hall and Maitland form the East face of the main quad and are Grade II-listed buildings.[39] The Senior Common Room is situated on the ground floor. The first floor is occupied by the pantry and the hall, in which Formal Hall (called guest night) is held weekly during term time.

Maitland houses few students, being mainly occupied by Fellows' offices and the college IT office. The building is named after Principal Agnes Maitland, and is to the south of Hall.[40]

Penrose

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The Penrose block was designed by Harold Rogers in 1925 and its first students were installed in 1927. It is situated at the south western end of the main quadrangle on the site of 119 and 119A Walton Street.[30] A row of poplars had to be removed in 1926 for the construction of Penrose.[41]

The building was refurbished in 2014, with carpets replacing the formerly bare wooden floorboards, and new furniture. Penrose is named for Dame Emily Penrose, the third principal of the college. Penrose houses mainly first year accommodation, with around 30 rooms.[40] Some fellows' rooms are located in Penrose.

Darbishire*

[edit]
Darbishire Quad

Darbishire Quad was the culmination of a long-standing project to absorb Woodstock Road properties above the Oxford Oratory. In 1920, three houses (29, 31 and 33) were purchased by the college from the vicar of St Giles' Church, Oxford, for the sum of £1,300. The three properties were constructed in 1859 and had been rented by the college prior to their purchase. The adjoining 'Waggon and Horses' was purchased from St John's College, Oxford, in 1923. These buildings were demolished between 1932 and 1933 together with the old Gate House.

Morley Horder was commissioned to build a quadrangle which would fill the space left by the demolished structures with a loan of £12,000 from Christ Church. The porters' lodge and a council room, the New Council Room, were constructed at the entrance to the quad, which housed undergraduate and fellows' rooms.[30] The coat of arms of Somerville and that of co-founder John Percival, first principal Madeleine Shaw-Lefevre and Helen Darbishire were carved by Edmund Ware inside the quadrangle. The archway leading to Hall was reconstructed in 1938.

Originally it was called the East Quadrangle and it was opened in June 1934 by Lord Halifax, who called it 'a notable addition to buildings of varying styles' (varii generis aedificiia additamentum nobile) in the Creweian Oration during the Encaenia. Darbishire was renamed in 1962 in honour of the principal of the college during its construction, Helen Darbishire.[42]

Today Darbishire contains around 50 student rooms mixed with tutors' offices, the college archive and medical room.[43] The offices of the Global Ocean Commission, co-chaired by José María Figueres, Trevor Manuel and David Miliband, were situated in Darbishire as part of a partnership with Somerville, from 2012 to 2016, when the organisation completed its work.[44]

Darbishire Quad is described on the opening page of Gaudy Night by alumna Dorothy L. Sayers and is home to a clock donated by alumna Eleanor Rathbone.[45]

Chapel*

[edit]
Somerville College Chapel

Built largely with funds provided by alumna Emily Georgiana Kemp in 1935, Somerville Chapel reflects the nondenominational principle on which the college was founded in 1879. No religious texts were used for admission and nondenominational Christian prayers were said in college. The chapel's history, architecture, and artworks give valuable insights into the religious, intellectual, and cultural roots of what would subsequently become a global norm. The chapel can be seen as both a manifestation of the aspirations of liberal Christianity in the interwar years, including the advancement of women and ecumenism, and of the contestation of the role of religion in higher education among elites in the same period.[46]

The chapel does not have a chaplain, but a 'Chapel Director' which is in keeping with its undenominational tradition. The chapel provides opportunities for Christian worship in addition to hosting speakers with a multi-faith range of religious perspectives.[47] The chapel also has an excellent mixed-voice choir, the Choir of Somerville College, which tours and produces occasional CDs.[48]

Hostel and Holtby

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Hostel is a small block between House and Darbishire, completed in 1950 by Geddes Hyslop.[49] It houses 10 students over three floors. The Bursary is on the ground floor.[40]

Holtby, designed in 1951 and completed in 1956 by Hyslop,[49] is situated above the library extension, adjacent to Park. It has 10 rooms for undergraduates and is named for alumna Winifred Holtby.[43]

Vaughan and Margery Fry & Elizabeth Nuffield House

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Designed by Sir Philip Dowson between 1958 and 1966, Vaughan and Margery Fry & Elizabeth Nuffield House (commonly shortened to Margery Fry) are both named for former principals of the college, whilst Elizabeth Nuffield was an important proponent of women's education and along with her husband Lord Nuffield, a financial benefactor of the college. Margery Fry was opened in 1964 by Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and Vaughan was opened in 1966. Constructed in the same architectural style, with an exterior concrete frame standing away from the walls of the interior edifice, the two buildings sit atop a podium containing shops and an arcaded walkway on Little Clarendon Street.

Vaughan is the larger of the two, with 11 rows to its concrete frame compared to the 8 of Margery Fry.[50] It is a Grade II-listed building.[51] Vaughan contains around 60 undergraduate rooms, which are smaller than those of Margery Fry and house exclusively first year students, along with the junior deans. Vaughan was refurbished in 2013, with new bathroom facilities, including, for the first time, sinks. Beneath the two buildings, a tunnel provides access to Somerville from Little Clarendon Street.[43]

Margery Fry serves as the centre of the post graduate student community at Somerville and contains 24 graduate rooms. Other accommodation for graduate students is provided in buildings adjacent to the College.

Wolfson

[edit]
Wolfson building

Sir Philip Dowson was commissioned to design a building at the back of the college, to house undergraduates and offices for fellows. Wolfson is, in common with Dowson's other work in Somerville, constructed largely of glass and concrete. It is a Grade II-listed building.[50] A four-storey building, with five bays of each floor, Wolfson boasts impressive views of Walton Street from the rear and Somerville's main quadrangle from the front.[43] Wolfson is named for the building's principal benefactor Sir Isaac Wolfson and opened in 1967 by Principal Barbara Craig, with Harold Macmillan, Dorothy Hodgkin and Lord Wolfson giving speeches.[52]

The ground floor of the building contains the Flora Anderson Hall or FAH and the Brittain-Williams Room, named for the college's most famous mother-daughter alumnae. The room was designed in 2012 by Niall McLaughlin Architects and opened on 29 November 2013 by alumna Baroness Shirley Williams during an event which saw her unveil a portrait of herself, which now hangs in the room.[53] The FAH is used for lectures and events. Notably it hosts college parties known as bops.

Margaret Thatcher Centre and Dorothy Hodgkin Quadrangle*

[edit]

Named for the alumna-Prime Minister, the MTC comprises a lobby, lecture room and ante room used for many meetings, with disabled access. The lecture room enjoys AV facilities and can accommodate 60 seated patrons. The venue is used for certain term time events and is popular with conferences.[54] A bust of Margaret Thatcher stands in the lobby, and the meeting room contains portraits of Somerville's two prime-minister alumnae, Margaret Thatcher by Michael Noakes and Indira Gandhi by Sanjay Bhattacharyya.

The Dorothy Hodgkin Quad (DHQ) was conceived in 1985 and completed in 1991.[55] It houses mainly finalists and some second year students. The Quadrangle is above the MTC and designed around self-contained flats of two and four bedrooms with communal kitchens. DHQ is named for Somerville's Nobel Prize winning laureate.[43]

Architect Geoffrey Beard's scheme was submitted to the Oxford City Council in 1986 and energies of Sir Geoffrey Leigh and alumna and former Principal Baroness Daphne Park brought support from around the world. The buildings were opened in 1991 by Margaret Thatcher, Dorothy Hodgkin, Principal Catherine Hughes and College Visitor Baron Roy Jenkins.[56]

St Paul’s Nursery

[edit]

Somerville College was the first Oxford college to provide a nursery for the children of Fellows and staff and is still one of the few colleges to do so. Alumna Dorothy Hodgkin donated much of her Nobel Prize money to the project.[57] St Paul’s Nursery is also open to families who are not connected with the college and cares for 16 children between the ages of 3 months and 5 years.[58]

Radcliffe Observatory Quarter

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ROQ East from outside College

ROQ East and West flank the north side of Somerville and overlook the site of the university's principal development, the Blavatnik School of Government. Completed in 2011, the ROQ buildings were the first buildings on the Radcliffe Observatory Quarter and have won 4 awards for their architect Niall McLaughlin. The project was also awarded Oxford City Council's David Steel Sustainable Building Award, being commended for its balancing of Somervillian collegiate heritage with the need for energy efficiency to be a consideration for the new building. Energy efficiency measures include renewable technologies such as solar thermal energy and ground source heat pumps.[59]

The buildings house 68 students and all rooms are en-suite. There are a number of rooms and facilities specifically designed to help those with disabilities, including lifts and adjoining carer rooms. The buildings were made possible by donations of over £2.7 million from over 1000 alumni and friends of the college, and by a significant loan.[43] There is now an unimpeded view of the Observatory.

The Terrace

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The most recent construction in Somerville (2013), the college bar in Vaughan replaces the bar in House. The bar is housed in a mainly glass structure, with seating in the college colours of red and black. Following a campaign by the JCR Guinness is now available on tap, and the pool table costs 50p per frame. The college drink, the "Stone-cold Jane Austen", is made from blue VK, Southern Comfort, and Magners cider.[60] Other college drinks are the "Somerville Sunset" and the "College Triple". The college also has its own 'Somerville wine': red, white and sparkling.[61]

Catherine Hughes Building

[edit]

Named after Somerville's late Principal from 1989 to 1996, the Catherine Hughes Building will be completed in October 2019 and will provide 68 additional bedrooms. The new building, designed by Niall McLaughlin Architects, boasts en suite bathrooms, kitchens and accessible rooms on every floor and a new communal study area for students.[62]

The red brick building will have a frontage on to Walton Street and additional access from the college gardens, aligning with key levels on the adjacent Penrose Building. The bedrooms will be arranged in clusters with kitchens and circulation spaces forming social focal points.

The building's construction has given Somerville sufficient accommodation to allow all students applying from 2017 to live in college for the entirety of their 3 to 4-year undergraduate degree and Somerville is one of only three Oxford colleges able to do so.[63][64]






Darbishire Quadrangle

[edit]
Darbishire Quad

Darbishire Quad was the culmination of a long-standing project to absorb Woodstock Road properties above the Oxford Oratory. In 1920, three houses (29, 31 and 33) were purchased by the college from the vicar of St Giles' Church, Oxford, for the sum of £1,300. The three properties were constructed in 1859 and had been rented by the college prior to their purchase. The adjoining 'Waggon and Horses' was purchased from St John's College, Oxford, in 1923. These buildings were demolished between 1932 and 1933 together with the old Gate House.

Morley Horder was commissioned to build a quadrangle which would fill the space left by the demolished structures with a loan of £12,000 from Christ Church. The porters' lodge and a council room, the New Council Room, were constructed at the entrance to the quad, which housed undergraduate and fellows' rooms.[30] The coat of arms of Somerville and that of co-founder John Percival, first principal Madeleine Shaw-Lefevre and Helen Darbishire were carved by Edmund Ware inside the quadrangle. The archway leading to Hall was reconstructed in 1938.

Originally it was called the East Quadrangle and it was opened in June 1934 by Lord Halifax, who called it 'a notable addition to buildings of varying styles' (varii generis aedificiia additamentum nobile) in the Creweian Oration during the Encaenia. Darbishire was renamed in 1962 in honour of the principal of the college during its construction, Helen Darbishire.[42]

Today Darbishire contains around 50 student rooms mixed with tutors' offices, the college archive and medical room.[43] The offices of the Global Ocean Commission, co-chaired by José María Figueres, Trevor Manuel and David Miliband, were situated in Darbishire as part of a partnership with Somerville, from 2012 to 2016, when the organisation completed its work.[65]

Darbishire Quad is described on the opening page of Gaudy Night by alumna Dorothy L. Sayers and is home to a clock donated by alumna Eleanor Rathbone.[45]





Dorothy Hodgkin Quadrangle

[edit]

The Dorothy Hodgkin Quad (DHQ) was conceived in 1985 and completed in 1991.[55] It houses mainly finalists and some second year students. The Quadrangle is above the MTC and designed around self-contained flats of two and four bedrooms with communal kitchens. DHQ is named for Somerville's Nobel Prize winning laureate.[43]

Architect Geoffrey Beard's scheme was submitted to the Oxford City Council in 1986 and energies of Sir Geoffrey Leigh and alumna and former Principal Baroness Daphne Park brought support from around the world. The buildings were opened in 1991 by Margaret Thatcher, Dorothy Hodgkin, Principal Catherine Hughes and College Visitor Baron Roy Jenkins.[56]






Gardens of Somerville College, Oxford

[edit]
Chapel and Quad in snow

Somerville is the only Oxford college where students may walk on the grass and it has a vast green space behind the unassuming front gate, looked after by two gardeners.[66]

The original site comprised a paddock, an orchard and a vegetable garden and was bounded by large trees. It was home to a donkey, two cows a pony and a pig.[31] The paddock was soon transformed into tennis courts, where huge tents where erected during WWI. During World War Two, large water tanks were dug in the Main Quad and Darbishire Quad, in case or firebombing and the lawns were dug up and planted with vegetables.[41]

In the Main Quad there's a cedar planted by Harold Macmillan in 1976, after an old cedar was victim of a winter storm. Another tree, a Picea likiangensis, was planted in 2007 on the chapel lawn, providing Somerville with an outdoor Christmas tree.[41] The library border of lavender and Agapanthus references the bluestocking reputation of Somerville and the tory blue Ceratostigma willmottianum is planted outside the Margaret Thatcher Centre. Beardtongues, Begonia and 1,200 red and black tulips reflect the college's colours. There are nods to Somerville's long-standing links with India, a strip of Alpine plants in front of Wolfson, a bog garden, herbaceous borders and the emblematic Somerville thistles (Echinops).[66][67][68] The western wall of Penrose and the northern wall of Vaughan form two faces of the Fellows Garden, previously kitchen gardens, which is distinct from the main quad and separated from it by a hedge and a wall. The Fellows Garden is home to a sundial, commissioned in 1926, and a garden roller which was a gift from the parents of tutor Rose Sidgwick.[69]

In 1962, Henry Moore lend his item Falling Warrior to the college and Barbara Hepworth lent Core shortly afterwards. Permanent sculptures in Somerville's garden are made by Wendy Taylor, Friedrich Werthmann and Somervillian Polly Ionides.

Dla Wiktora

[edit]

A

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
ab-, a-, abs-, au-[70] away from, down, off Latin ab abdication, abduction, aberrant, abnormal, abrasion, absent, absorb, abstain, abstemious, abstraction, aversion, avulsion
acer-, acri- bitter, sharp, sour Latin ācer, ācris, acerbus, acere acerbic, acrid, acrimonious, acrimony, exacerbate
acid- acidic, sour Latin acidus acidiferous, acidity, acidosis, acidulation, acidulous
acr- height, summit, tip, top Greek ἀκή (akḗ), ἄκρος (ákros) "high", "extreme", ἄκρον (ákron) acrobat, acrobatics, acrochordon, acromegalia, acromegaly, acromion, acronym, acrophobia, acropolis, acrostic, acroterion, acrotomophilia
acu-, acut- sharp, pointed Latin acutus, past participle of acuere "to sharpen", from acus "needle" acerose, acupuncture, acumen, acute, acutifoliate
ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, am-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-[71] movement to or toward; in addition to Latin ad "to", "toward" accept, accurate, adapt, addition, address, adept, adherent, adhesive, adjust, admit, admonish, advertisement, affect, agglomerate, aggregate, aggression, allege, allude, ammunition, annectent, approximate, arreption, arride, arrogant, ascend, assault, assimilate, attend, attract
aer-, aero-[72] air, atmosphere Greek ἀήρ, ἀέρος (aḗr, aéros) "air" aerobic, aerodynamic, aeronautics, aeroplane, aerorrhachia, aerosol, aerotitis
aesth- feeling, sensation Greek αἰσθητός (aisthētós), αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós) "of sense perception" from αἰσθάνεσθαι (aisthánesthai) "to perceive" aesthesia, aesthesis, aesthete, aesthetics, anaesthetic, synesthesia
aev-, ev- age Latin aevum age, coeval, eon, eternal, longevity, medieval, primeval
ag-, -ig-, act- do, go, move Latin agere, actus act, action, activation, activity, actor, agenda, agent, agile, agitate, ambiguous, castigate, cogent, cogitate, cogitation, deactivate, excogitate, mitigate, navigate, proactive, react, transaction
ag-[73] lead Greek ἄγειν (ágein) (cognate with Latin agere), ἀγωγός (agōgós) agony, antagonist, antagonize, demagogue, pedagogue, pedagogy, strategy, synagogue
agr-[74] field Greek ἀγρός, ἀγροῦ (agrós, agroû) agronomist, agronomy
agri-, -egri- field Latin ager, agris "field, country" agriculture, peregrine
alg-[75] pain Greek ἄλγος (álgos), ἀλγεινός, ἀλγεῖν (algeîn), ἄλγησις (álgēsis) analgesic, arthralgia, neuralgia, nostalgia
ali-, alter- other Latin alius "another", alter "other" alias, alibi, alien, alter, alternate, altruism
all-[76] other Greek ἄλλος (állos) allegory, allogenic, allograph, allophone, parallactic, parallax
allel-[77] one another Greek ἀλλήλων (allḗlōn) allele, allelomorph, allelotaxis, parallel, parallelism, parallelogon, parallelogram
alt- high, deep Latin altus, altitudo altimeter, altitude, alto, altocumulus, contralto, exalt
am-, amat- love, liking Latin amāre, amatus, amor amateur, amatory, amenity, amorous, enamoured
am-, amic-, -imic- friend Latin amicus amiable, amicable, amity, enemy, enmity, inimical
ambi-, am-, amb-, ambo-, an- both, on both sides Latin ambi ambidexterity, ambient, ambiguous, ambit, ambition, ambivalent, amboceptor, amputation, ancipital, andante
ambul- walk Latin ambulare ambulance, ambulatory, amble, perambulate, preamble, somnambulist
amph-, amphi-[78] both, on both sides of, both kinds Greek ἀμφί (amphí) "on both sides" amphibian, amphibious, amphibole, amphibolic, amphimacer, Amphipoda, amphistyly, amphitheatre, amphoterism
amygdal-[79] almond Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē), ἀμύγδαλον (amúgdalon) almond, amygdala, amygdale, amygdalin, amygdaloid, amygdule
an-, a-, am-, ar- not, without Greek Greek ἀν-/ἀ- "not" ambrosia, anaerobic, anarchy, anemia, anesthesia, anhydrous, anonymous, apathy, aphasia, arrhythmia, atheism, atypical
ana-, am-, an-[80] again, against, back, up Greek ἀνά (aná) anagram, anabaptist, anaphylaxis, anarrhexis, anion, anode
andr-[81] (ΑΝΕΡ) male, masculine Greek ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός (anḗr, andrós), ἀνδρότης Andrew, Alexander, androcentric, androcentrism, androgen, androgenous, androgyne, androgynous, androgyny, android, andrology, androphobia, androspore, diandry, misandry, monandry, philander, polyandrous, polyandry, protandry, pseudandry, synandrous
anem-[82] (ΑΝ) wind Greek ἄνεμος (ánemos) anemograph, anemometer, anemometric, anemone, anemophilous, anemophily, anemophobia, anemoscope, anemotropism
anim- breath, life, soul, spirit Latin anima "breath", "soul" animal, animation, anime, animism, animus, inanimate, equanimity
ann-, -enn- year, yearly Latin annus "year" anniversary, annual, centennial, millennium, perennial
ant-, anti-[83] against, opposed to, preventive Greek ἀντί (antí) "against" antagonist, antagonize, antibiotic, antibody, antichrist, antidepressant antidote, antifreeze, antifungal, antigen, antinomies, antipathy, antipodes, antirrhinum, antiseptic, antisocial, antithesis
ante-, anti-[84] before, in front of, prior to; old Latin ante "before", "against"; see also antiquus "old" antebellum, antecedent, antedate, antediluvian, anteroom, anticipate, antiquarian, antiquate, antique, antiquity
anth-[85] flower Greek ἀνθεῖν (antheîn), ἄνθος (ánthos), ἄνθησις (ánthēsis), ἄνθημα (ánthēma), ἀνθηρός (anthērós) anther, anthesis, Anthocoridae, anthodite, anthology, anthophobia, anthophore, Anthozoa, chrysanthemum, dianthus, enanthem, enanthema, exanthem, exanthematic, hydranth, hypanthium, perianth, zoanthid
anthrop- human Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos) "man" anthropology, anthroposophy, anthropomorphic, misanthrope, philanthropy
ap-, apo-[86] off, away from, separate, at the farthest point Greek ἀπό (apó) "from, away, un-, quite", sometimes "changed, switched" aphelion, apocrine, apocryphal, apogee, aporrhinosis, apostasy, apostate
aper- open Latin aperire aperient, apéritif, aperitive, aperture, overt, overture, pert
api- bee Latin apis apian, apiary, apicula, apium; Petrus Apianus
aqu- water Latin aqua acquacotta, akvavit, aqua vitae, aquaculture, aquamarine, aquarelle, aquarium, Aquarius, aquatic, aquatile, aqueduct, aqueous, aquifer, aquiferous, aquiform, gouache, semiaquatic
arachn- spider Greek ἀράχνης, ἀράχνη (arákhnē) Arachne, arachnid, arachnodactyly, arachnoid, arachnology, arachnophobia
arch-arche-archi- ruler Greek ἄρχειν (árkhein), ἄρχων (árkhōn), ἀρχή (arkhḗ) "rule" (in compounds: ἀρχε-, ἀρχι-) anarchism, anarchist, anarchy, andrarchy, antarchy, archangel, archetype, architect, archon, autarch, autarchism, autarchy, eparch, eparchy, exarch, gynarchy, monarch, monarchism, monarchist, monarchy, navarch, octarchy, oligarchy, patriarchy, plutarchy, polyarchy, synarchism, synarchy, tetrarchy, triarchy, trierarch
archae-, arche- ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos) "ancient" from ἀρχή (arkhḗ) "rule" Archaea, archaeoastronomy, archaeology, archaic, archaism, archegonium, archeology
arithm- count, number Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós), ἀριθμέω, ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós) antilogarithm, arithmetic, arithmomania, logarithm, logarithmic
arthr- joint Greek ἄρθρον (árthron) anarthria, arthritic, arthritis, arthrogryposis, arthropathy, arthroplasty, arthropod, arthroscope, arthroscopic, arthroscopy, arthrosis, dysarthria, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthropathy
aster-, astr- star, star-shaped Greek ἀστήρ, ἀστέρος (astḗr, astéros), ἄστρον (ástron) "star" aster, asterisk, asteroid, astrology, astronomy, astronaut, diasterism geaster, monaster
aud- hearing, listening, sound Latin audire "to hear" audible, audience, audio, audiobook, audiology, audiovisual, audit, audition, auditorium, auditory
aug-, auct- grow, increase Latin augēre, auctus "to increase" auction, augend, augment, augmentation, augur, augury, august, author, auxiliary, inauguration
auri-, aus- relating to the ear Latin auris "ear" aural, auricle, aurinasal, auscultate, auscultation
aut-, auto-[87] self; directed from within Greek αὐτός (autós) "self", "same" autarchism, autarchy, autarky, authentic, autism, autistic, autobiography, autocracy, autograph, autoimmune, automatic, automaton, automobile, autonomy, autopilot
aux-[88] increase Greek αὔξειν (aúxein), αὐξάνειν auxánein, αὔξησις (aúxēsis), αὐξητικός (auxētikós) auxanogram, auxanography, auxanology, auxanometer, auxesis, auxetic, auxin, auxochrome, auxology, auxotroph, auxotrophy
avi-, au- bird Latin avis auspice, auspicious, avian, aviary, aviation, aviator

B

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
ba-[89]
(ΒΑ[90])
to step Greek βαίνειν (baínein), βατός (batós),
βάσις (básis), βῆμα, βήματος (bêma, bḗmatos), βάτης (bátēs), βάθρον (báthron), βατεῖν
acrobat, acrobatic, adiabatic, aerobatic, anabasis, anabatic, antiparabema, base, basic, basidiocarp, basidioma, basidiomycete, basidiospore, basidium, basion, basionym, basis, basophilic, bema, catabasis, catabatic, diabase, diabatic, diabetes, diabetic, dibasic, hyperbaton, hypobasis, katabasis, katabatic, monobasic, polybasic, stereobate, stylobate, tribasic
bal-, bel-, bol-
(ΒΑΛ[91])
throw Greek βάλλειν (bállein), βολή (bolḗ), βλῆμα (blêma) ametabolic, ametabolism, amphibole, amphibolic, amphibolite, amphibolous, amphiboly, anabolic, anabolism, astrobleme, ball, ballism, ballista, ballistic, ballistospore, belomancy, belonephobia, bolide, bolometer, catabolic, catabolism, devil, diabolic, emblem, emblematic, embolic, embolism, embolismic, embolize, embolon, embolus, emboly, hemiballismus, holometabolism, hyperbola, hyperbole, hyperbolic, hyperboloid, metabolic, metabolism, metabolite, metabolize, palaver, parable, parabola, parabolic, paraboloid, parle, parley, parol, parole, problem, problematic, symbol, symbolic, symbolism, symbolist, symbolize, symbology, taurobolium, thromboembolism
bar-[92] weight, pressure Greek βαρύς (barús), βάρος (báros) abarognosis, antibaryon, baresthesia, bariatric, baritone, barognosis, barogram, barograph, barometer, barometric, barophobia, barostat, barycentre, barycentric, baryogenesis, baryon, barysphere, baryton, barytone, hyperbaric, hypobaric, isobar, isobaric
bath- deep, depth Greek βαθύς (bathús), βάθος (báthos) batholith, bathophobia, bathos, bathymetry, bathyscaphe, bathysphere, isobathic
bell-, belli- war Latin bellum, belli antebellum, bellicose, belligerent, rebellion
ben- good, well Latin bene (adverb) beneficence, benefit, benevolent, benign, benignant, benignity
bi-, bin-, bis- two Latin bis, "twice"; bini, "in twos" bicycle, biennial, bifocal, bisexual, bigamy, binary, binoculars, biscotti
bibl-[93] book Greek βίβλος (bíblos), βιβλίον (biblíon) "book" bible, biblioclasm, biblioclast, bibliogony, bibliographic, bibliography, biblioklept, bibliomancy, bibliomania, bibliophile, bibliophilia, bibliophobe, bibliophobia, bibliotaph
bio-, bi-[94] life Greek βιοῦν (bioûn), βίος (bíos) "life", βιωτός (biōtós), βιωτικός (biōtikós), βίωσις (bíōsis) abiogenesis, abiotic, aerobiology, anhydrobiosis, anoxybiosis, antibiotic, astrobiology, autobiography, biocentrism, biochron, biocoenosis, biogenesis, biographic, biography, biologism, biologist, biology, biome, biometric, biomorph, biomorphism, biophilia, biophysicist, biophysics, biopoiesis, biopolymer, biopsy, biorhythm, biosemiotic, biosphere, biostasis, biosynthesis, biota, biotic, biotin, biotope, biotype, biozone, chemobiosis, cryobiosis, cryptobiosis, ectosymbiosis, endosymbiont, endosymbiosis, enterobiasis, exobiology, macrobiotic, microbiology, osmobiosis, probiotic, symbiogenesis, symbiology, symbiont, symbiosis, symbiotic
blast-[95] germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleus Greek βλαστάνειν (blastánein), "to sprout, bud", βλαστός (blastós), βλάστημα (blástēma) blastema, blastochyle, blastocoel, blastocoele, blastocyst, blastoderm, blastoma, blastula, cytotrophoblast, diploblasty, ectoblast, endoblast, entoblast, fibroblast, osteoblast, sideroblast
bov-, bu- cow, ox Latin bos (genitive bovis) "ox, cow" beef, boor, bovine, bucinator muscle
brachi-, brachio- arm Latin from Greek bracchium brachiferous, brachial artery, brachiocubital
brachi-, brachio-, brachion-, brachioni- arm Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn) brachialgia, brachionerysipelas, brachionigraph, brachiorrhachidian, brachiosaurus
brachy-[96] short Greek βραχύς (brakhús) amphibrach, brachistochrone, brachycephaly, brachydactyly, brachyury, dibrach, tribrach
brady-, bradys-[97] slow Greek βραδύς (bradús), βράδος (brádos) bradycardia, bradysuria, bradytelic
brev- brief, short (time) Latin brevis, breviare abbreviate, brevextensor, brevicaudate, brevity, brief
bronch-[98] windpipe Greek βρόγχος (brónkhos), βρόγχια (brónkhia) bronchia, bronchiole, bronchion, bronchitis, bronchomalacia, bronchopneumonia, bronchus, tracheobronchomalacia
bucc- cheek, mouth, cavity Latin bucca buccal, buccilingual, buccolingual

C

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
cac-, kak-[99] bad Greek κακός (kakós), κάκιστος (kákistos) cachexia, cacistocracy, cacodemon, cacoepy, cacography, cacophobia, cacophobe, cacophobic, cacophonous, cacophony, cacorrhacitis, kakistocracy, kakistocrat
cad-, -cid-, cas- fall Latin cadere, casus accidence, accident, accidental, cadaver, cadaverine, cadaverous, cadence, cadency, cadent, cadential, cadenza, caducity, caducous, cascade, case, casual, casualty, casuistry, chance, cheat, chute, coincide, coincidence, coincident, coincidental, decadence, decadent, decay, decidua, decidual, deciduate, deciduation, deciduous, demicadence, escheat, escheatable, escheatage, escheatment, escheator, incidence, incident, incidental, nonaccidental, nondeciduous, nonincidental, parachute, postaccident, procidentia, recidivous, semelincident
caed-, -cid-, caes-, -cis- cut, kill Latin caedere, caesus caespitose, caesura, cement, cementation, cementitious, cementum, cespitose, chisel, circumcise, circumcision, concise, concision, decidability, decidable, decide, decision, decisive, deciso, excide, excise, excision, excisional, germicide, genocide, homicide, imprecise, imprecision, incise, incision, incisive, incisor, incisory, incisure, indecision, indecisive, occision, pesticide, précis, precise, precision, scissors, semidecidable, succise, succision, suicide
cal-, call- beautiful Greek καλός (kalós) "beautiful"; κάλλος (kállos) "beauty", κάλλιστος (kállistos) calisthenics, calligraphy, Callista, Callisto, calophyllous, kaleidoscope
cal- call Latin calare calendar, claim, class, conciliate, conciliatory, council, intercalate, nomenclature
cal- heat Latin calere, calor "heat" caldarium, caldera, calefacient, calefaction, calefactive, calefactory, calenture, calescent, calid, calor, calore, caloric, calorie, calorifacient, calorific, calorigenic, calorimeter, caudle, cauldron, chafe, chafery, chalder, chaldron, chaud-froid, chauffer, chauffeur, chauffeuse, decalescence, decalescent, nonchalance, nonchalant, recalescence, scald
calc- calcium ,stone Latin and Greek from Latin calx (genitive calcis) "lime", from Greek χάλιξ (khálix) "pebble", "limestone" calcite, calcitrant, calcium, calculate, calculus, chalicothere, chalk, recalcitrant
calyp-[100] cover Greek καλύπτειν (kalúptein), καλυπτός (kaluptós), κάλυξ, κάλυκος (kálux, kálukos) apocalypse, apocalyptic, apocalypticism, calyce, calyptra, Calyptrogyne, calyx, epicalyx, eucalypt, eucalyptus
cameria- vault Latin camera antechamber, bicameral, camaraderie, camber, camera, chamber, chamberlain, comrade, concamerate, concameration, multicamera, tricameral, unicameral
camp- field Latin campus "field", "level ground" camp, campaign, campesino, campestral, campicolous, campimetry, campo, campsite, campus, champertous, champerty, champignon, champion, decamp, decampment, encamp, encampment
can- dog Latin canis canaille, canary, canicular, canicule, canid, canine, Canis, Canis Major, postcanine
can-, -cin-, cant-, -cent- sing Latin canere, cantus accent, accentual, accentuate, accentuation, canción, canorous, cant, cantabile, cantata, cantation, cantatory, cantatrice, canticle, canticum, cantiga, cantilena, cantillate, cantillation, cantion, canto, cantor, cantus, canzona, canzone, Carmen, chanson, chansonnier, chant, chanteur, chanteuse, chanticleer, charm, concent, descant, discant, discantus, disenchant, disenchantment, disencharm, disincentive, enchant, enchantment, enchantress, incantation, incantational, incentive, plainchant, precentor, recant, recantation, succentor, vaticinate, vaticination, vaticinator
cand-, cend- glowing, iridescent Latin candere "to be white or glisten" candela, candid, candidate, candle, candor, incandescent, incendiary, incense
cap-, -cip-, capt-, -cept- hold, take Latin capere, captus "take or hold" (vowel changes from a to i in compounds) capable, capacious, captive, caption, captivate, capture, conception, except, forceps, incipient, intercept, recipient
capit-, -cipit- head Latin caput, capitis achievable, achieve, achievement, ancipital, ancipitous, biceps, bicipital, cabotage, cad, caddie, cadet, cape, capital, capitular, capitulate, capitulation, captain, chapter, chaptrel, chattel, chef, chief, chieftain, co-captain, co-captaincy, decapitate, decapitation, occipital, occiput, precipitation, precipitous, quadriceps, recap, recapitulate, sincipital, sinciput, sous-chef, subcaptain, triceps, tricipital, unicipital, vice-captain, vice-captaincy
capr- goat Latin caper (genitive capri) "goat", also capreolus "wild goat" cab, caper, caprice, Capricorn, caprine
carbon- coal Latin carbo, carbonis bicarbonate, carbon, carbonara, carbonate, carbonation, Carboniferous, carbuncle, radiocarbon
carcer- jail Latin carcer, carcerare, cancelli chancel, chancellery, chancellor, chancery, incarcerate, incarceration, subchancel
carcin- cancer (disease) Latin from Greek Latin from Greek καρκίνος (karkínos) "crab" carcinogenic, carcinoma
cardi-[101] heart Greek καρδιά (kardiá) cardiac, cardialgia, cardiograph, cardioid, cardiologist, cardiology, cardiomegaly, cardiomyopathy, cardioplegia, cardioplegic, cardiospasm, electrocardiogram, electrocardiography, endocardium, epicardium, hemicardia, myocardium, neurocardiology, pericardium
carn- flesh Latin caro, carnis carnage, carnal, carnality, carnary, carnate, carnation, carneous, carnival, carnivore, carnose, carnosity, carrion, caruncle, carunculate, charcuterie, charnel, discarnate, incarnadine, incarnate, incarnation, reincarnate, reincarnation
carp-[102] fruit Greek καρπός (karpós) acarpous, acrocarpous, amphicarpous, angiocarpous, anisocarpic, Carpo, carpogonium, carpology, carpophagous, carpophore, carpospore, cystocarp, dipterocarp, endocarp, epicarp, exocarp, Karpos, mericarp, mesocarp, monocarpic, pericarp, polycarpic, procarp, pseudocarp
cata-, cat- down, against, back Greek κατά (katá) "down, against, back" catabolic, catacomb, catalyst, catarrhine, catastrophe, catatonia, cathode, cation
caten- chain Latin catena catenary, concatenation
cathar-[103] pure Greek καθαρός (katharós) catharsis, cathartic
caus-, -cus- cause or motive Latin causa accuse, because, causal, causative, cause, excuse
caust-, caut- burn Greek καίειν (kaíein), καυστός, καυτός (kaustós, kautós), καυστικός (kaustikós), καῦσις (kaûsis), καῦμα (kaûma) calm, catacaustic, causalgia, causalgic, caustic, cauter, cauterize, cautery, diacaustic, encaustic, holocaust, hypocaust
cav- hollow Latin cavus cave, cavity, excavation, cavern, cavernous, concave
ced-, cess- move, yield, go, surrender Latin cedere, cessus accede, cede, concede, precede, procedure, proceed, procession, recede, secede, succeed, success
cel- hide Latin celare "to hide" ceiling, clandestine, conceal, occult
celer- quick Latin celer, celerare acceleration, celerity
cent- hundred Latin centum cent, centennial, centurion, percent, century
centr- center Greek κεντεῖν, κέντησις, κέντρον (kéntron) "needle", "spur", κεντρικός, κεντρισμός acentric, acrocentric, amniocentesis, anthropocentric, anthropocentrism, barycenter, biocentric, biocentrism, centaur, centauromachy, centesis, centre, centric, centrism, centrist, centroid, centromere, centromeric, centrosphere, centrosymmetric, centrosymmetry, centrum, eccentric, eccentrism, eccentrist, ecocentric, ecocentrism, ecocentrist, egocentric, egocentrism, enterocentesis, epicentre, holocentric, metacentric, monocentric, neocentromere, orthocenter, orthocentric, paracentesis, pericardiocentesis, technocentric, technocentrism, telocentric, thoracentesis, thoracocentesis
centri- center Latin centrum central, center, concentrate, concentric, centrifugal, centripetal
cephal- head Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ) acephalic, acephaly, anencephaly, autocephaly, brachiocephalic, brachycephalic, cephalic, cephalomancy, cephalometry, cephalon, cephalopagus, cephalopod, diencephalon, dolichocephalic, encephalitis, encephalogram, encephalopathy, holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus, macrocephaly, mesaticephalic, mesencephalic, mesocephalic, metencephalon, microcephaly, myelencephalon, neencephalon, paleencephalon, prosencephalon, rhombencephalon, rhombencephalosynapsis, syncephalus, telencephalon
cern-, cer- sift Latin cernere "to sift, separate" ascertain, certain, concern, concert, decree, discern, excrement, secern, secret
cervic- relating to the neck, relating to the cervix Latin cervix, cervicis "neck" cervix, cervical
chir-[104] of the hand or hands Greek χείρ (kheír) "hand" chiral, chiropractic, chiroptera, chirurgy, enchiridion, Haplocheirus
chlor-[105] green Greek χλωρός (khlōrós) chloranthy, chlorine, chlorophobia, chlorophyll, chloroplast, pyrochlore
chore- relating to dance Greek χορεία (khoreía) "dancing in unison" from χορός (khorós) "chorus" chorea, choree, choreia, choreography, chorus, hemichorea
chro-, chrom- color Greek χρῶμα (khrôma) achromat, achromatic, achromatism, achromatopsia, achromatopsic, amphichroic, apochromat, auxochrome, chroma, chromatic, chromatid, chromatophore, chrome, chromium, chromogen, chromolithography, chromophobia, chromophore, chromosome, dichroic, dichroism, dichromatic, heliochrome, heterochromatic, heterochromatin, microchromosome, monochromatic, monochrome, photochromism, pleochroism, polychromatic, polychrome, trichroism, trichromatic, trichromic
chron-[106] time Greek χρόνος (khrónos) anachronism, asynchronous, biochronology, chronaxie, chronic, chronicle, chronogram, chronograph, chronology, chronometer, chronometry, chronophobia, chronophotography, chronostasis, geochronology, heterochrony, hydrochronometer, isochron, protochronism, synchronic, synchronism, synchronize, synchronous, tautochrone
chrys-[107] gold Greek χρυσός (khrusós), χρύσεος "golden" chrysalis, chryselephantine, chrysolite, chrysophobia, chrysoprase
cing-, cinct- gird Latin cingere, cinctus succinct
circum- around Latin circum circumcise, circumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate, circumscribe
cis- on this side of, on the side nearer to the speaker (as opposed to trans-) Latin cis cisalpine, cisandine, cisatlantic, cisgangetic, cisgender, cisjurane, cisleithan, cislunar, cismontane, cispadane, cispontine, cisrhenane
clam- cry out Latin clamare acclaim, claim, clamor, exclamation, proclamation, reclamation
clar- clear Latin clarus, clarare clarity, clear, declaration
clast- broken Greek κλᾶν, κλαστός (klastós), κλάσις, κλάσμα anorthoclase, antanaclasis, clastic, iconoclast, orthoclase, osteoclast, plagioclase, pyroclastic, synclastic
claud-, -clud-, claus-, -clus- close, shut Latin claudere, clausus clause, claustrophobia, conclude, exclude, exclusive, include, occlusion, occult, recluse, seclude
clav- key Greek κλείς (kleís) "key" from κλείειν, (kleíein) "to close" clavichord, clavicle, conclave
col-, cult- cultivate, till, inhabit Latin colere, cultus acculturate, acculturation, agriculture, apiculture, bicultural, colonial, colony, countercultural, counterculture, cult, cultivable, cultivate, cultivation, cultivator, cultural, culturati, culture, deculturate, deculturation, incult, inculturation, inquiline, inquilinity, inquilinous, intercultural, multicultural, postcolonial, precolonial, subcultural, subculture
coll- neck Latin collum accolade, col, collar, decollate, decollation, décolletage, encollar
con-, co-, col-, com-, cor-[108] with, together Latin cum coagulate, collide, compress, connect, connote, contain, contribute, consult, constitution, corrode, quondam
con-[109] cone Greek κῶνος (kônos), κωνικός (kōnikós) conic, conical, conicoid, conodont, conoid, conoscope, orthocone, orthoconic, polyconic
contra- against Latin contra contraband, contraception, contradict, contraindicate, contrast, contravene
copr-[110] dung Greek κόπρος (kópros) copremia, coprographia, coprolagnia, coprolalia, coprolite, coprolith, coprology, coprophagia, coprophagy, coprophilia, copropraxia, encopresis, encopretic
cor-, cord- heart Latin cor, cordis accord, accordance, accordant, accordatura, concord, concordance, concordant, concordat, corcle, cordate, cordial, cordiality, cordiform, core, courage, courageous, discord, discordance, discordant, discourage, discouragement, encourage, encouragement, misericord, nonaccordant, obcordate, record, scordatura
corn- horn Latin cornū bicorn, bicorne, Capricorn, cornea, corneal, corneous, corner, cornicle, corniculate, corniferous, cornification, corniform, cornucopia, quadricorn, quadricornous, tricorn, tricorne, tricornigerous, tricornute, unicorn, unicornous
coron- crown Latin corona, coronare corona, coronation, coronavirus, coroner, coronet, coroniform, Coronilla, crown, incoronate
corpor- body Latin corpus, corporis accorporate, bicorporal, concorporate, concorporation, corporal, corporality, corporate, corporation, corporative, corporature, corporeal, corporeality, corporeity, corps, corpse, corpulence, corpulent, corpus, corpuscle, corpuscular, disincorporate, disincorporation, extracorporeal, incorporal, incorporality, incorporate, incorporation, incorporeal, incorporeality, incorporeity, tricorporal
cortic- bark Latin cortex, corticis cortex, cortical, corticate, corticiform, corticifugal, corticipetal, decorticate, decortication, decorticator
cosm-[111] universe Greek κόσμος (kósmos) cosmic, cosmogeny, cosmogony, cosmology, cosmonaut, cosmopolitan, cosmopolite, cosmos, microcosm
cosmet- the art of dress and ornament Greek κοσμεῖν (kosmeîn), κοσμητική (kosmētikḗ) from κόσμος (kósmos) cosmesis, cosmetics, cosmetologist, cosmetology
cost- rib Latin costa accost, bicostate, coast, coastal, costa, costal, costate, curvicostate, entrecôte, infracostal, intercostal, intracoastal, multicostate, quadricostate, supracostal, tricostate, unicostate
-cracy, -crat government, rule, authority Greek κράτος (krátos), κρατία (kratía) acrasia, akrasia, akratic, anocracy, aristocracy, autocracy, autocrat, autocratic, bureaucracy, democracy, democratic, pancratium, plutocracy, technocracy, technocrat, theocracy
crani-[112] skull Greek κρανίον (kraníon) craniologist, craniometry, craniosynostosis, cranium, hemicrania, megrim, migraine
crea- make Latin creare, creatus creation, creative, creator, creature, creole, procreation, recreation
cred- believe, trust Latin credere, creditus accreditation, credence, credentials, credibility, credible, credit, creditor, credo, credulity, credulous, creed, discredit, incredible, incredulous, miscreant, recreant
cresc- grow, rise Latin crescere accresce, accrescence, accrescent, accrete, accretion, accrue, concrete, crescendo, crescent, crew, decrease, increase, recruit, recruitment, surcrew
crit-, crisi-[113] judge, separate Greek κρίνειν (krínein), κρίσις (krísis), κρίμα (kríma) apocrine, crisis, criterion, critic, critical, criticaster, criticise, criticism, critique, diacritic, eccrine, eccrinology, eccrisis, eccritic, endocrine, endocrinology, exocrine, heterocrine, holocrine, hypercriticism, hypocrisy, hypocrite, kritarchy, Kritosaurus, merocrine, syncrisis
cruc- cross Latin crux, crucis cross, crucial, cruciate, crucifer, cruciferous, crucifix, crucifixion, cruciform, crucify, crucigerous, cruise, crusade, cruzeiro, discruciate, excruciate, intercross, recross
crypt-[114] hide, hidden Greek κρύπτειν (krúptein) "to hide", κρυπτός (kruptós) apocrypha, apocryphal, archaeocryptography, crypt, cryptanalysis, crypteia, cryptic, cryptobiosis, cryptobiotic, cryptochrome, cryptogam, cryptogenic, cryptography, cryptology, cryptomonad, cryptophyte, cryptosystem, grot, grotesque, grotto
culp- blame, fault Latin culpa culpability, culpable, culprit, exculpate, exculpatory, inculpable, inculpate, inculpatory, mea culpa
cur- care for Latin cūra, curare accuracy, accurate, assecure, assurance, assure, curability, curable, curacy, curate, curative, curator, cure, curettage, curette, curio, curiosity, curious, ensure, inaccuracy, inaccurate, incurable, insecure, insecurity, insurability, insurable, insurance, insure, manicure, pedicure, pococurante, proctor, proctour, proctorage, proctorial, procurable, procuracy, procuration, procurator, procure, procurement, proxy, reassurance, reassure, reinsurance, reinsure, scour, scourage, secure, security, sinecural, sinecure, sure, surety
curr-, curs- run, course Latin currere, cursus concur, concurrent, corridor, courier, course, currency, current, cursive, cursor, cursory, discourse, excursion, incur, occur, recur, recursion, recursive, succor
curv- bent Latin curvus "crooked, curved", from curvare "to bend" cavort, curb, curvaceous, curvate, curvation, curvature, curve, curviform, curvilinear, curvity, incurvate, incurvature, incurve, recurvate, recurve, recurvous
cut- hide, skin Latin cutis cutaneous, cuticle, cuticolor, cuticular, cutin, cutis, cutisector, intracutaneous, subcutaneous
cyan-[115] blue Greek κυανός (kuanós) anthocyanin, cyanic, cyanide, cyanogen, cyanophobia, cyanophore, cyanosis, cyanotic, isocyanic
cycl-[116] circle Greek κύκλος (kúklos), κυκλικός (kuklikós) acyclic, anticyclone, anticyclonic, bicycle, cycle, cyclic, cyclide, cycloid, cyclone, cyclops, cyclosis, cyclotomic, dicyclic, eccyclema, epicycle, epicycloid, hemicycle, hemicyclium, heterocyclic, homocyclic, hypercycle, hypocycloid, isocyclic, mesocyclone, monocyclic, polycyclic, pseudocyclosis, tetracyclic, tricycle, tricyclic, unicycle
cyst-[117] capsule Greek κύστις (kústis) cysteine, cystic, cysticercus, cystine, cystolith, cystoma, oocyst, polycystic
cyt-[118] cell Greek κύτος (kútos) astrocyte, cnidocyte, cytapheresis, cytaster, cytokine, cytokinesis, cytokinin, cytology, cytoplasm, cytostasis, cytostatic, exocytosis, gonocyte, hypercytosis, leukocyte, leukocytosis, monocyte, monocytopoiesis, pancytopenia, phagocytosis, polycythaemia, polycythemia, syncytium

D

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
dactyl-[119] digit, finger, toe Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos) anisodactyly, antidactylus, arachnodactyly, artiodactyl, brachydactyly, clinodactyly, dactyl, dactylic, dactylology, dactylomancy, dactylomegaly, dactylus, dactyly, date, didactyly, ectrodactyly, heterodactylous, heterodactyly, leptodactylous, monodactyly, oligodactyly, pamprodactyly, pentadactyl, pentadactylous, pentadactyly, perissodactyl, polydactyly, pterodactyl, schizodactyly, syndactylous, syndactyly, tetradactylous, tetradactyly, tridactyly, zygodactyly
damn-, -demn- to inflict loss upon Latin damnum, damnāre condemn, condemnation, damage, damnation, indemnify, indemnity
de- down, away from, removing Latin decay, decide, declare, decline, decompose, dedicate, deduce, defend, deletion, delineate, delude, demarcate, dementia, depress, derogatory, desecrate, descend, destroy, detract
dec-[120] ten Latin from Greek δέκα (déka) "ten", δεκάς, δεκάδος (dekás, dekádos), δεκάκις (dekákis) "ten times", δεκαπλάσιος (dekaplásios) "ten-fold" decem, "ten" decies, "ten times" decumo, "tenfold" decad, decade, decagon, decagram, decahedron, Decalogue, decamer, decamerous, decameter, decapod, decathlon
decor- ornament Latin decorus "fit, proper" and decorare "to decorate", from decor "beauty, ornament" and decus "ornament" decor, décor, decorament, decorate, decoration, decorative, decorator, decorous, decorum, redecorate
dem-[121] people Greek δῆμος (dêmos) Damocles, demagogue, deme, democracy, demographic, demography, demonym, demophobia, demotic, ecdemic, endemic, epidemic, epidemiology, pandemic
dendr-[122] tree Greek δένδρον (déndron); akin to δρύς (drús) "tree" dendric, dendrite, dendrochronology, dendrogram, dendromancy, Epidendrum, rhododendron
dent- tooth Latin dens, dentis bident, bidental, dandelion, dental, dentary, dentate, dentation, dentelle, denticity, denticle, denticulate, dentiferous, dentiform, dentifrice, dentigerous, dentil, dentin, dentinal, dentine, dentition, denture, indent, indentation, indenture, interdental, interdentil, intradental, multidentate, quadridentate, trident, tridentate
der-[123] skin Greek δέρειν (dérein), δέρμα, δέρματος (dérma, dérmatos) Dermaptera, dermatology, dermis, ectoderm, endoderm, epidermis, hypodermic, mesoderm, scleroderma, taxidermy, xeroderma
dexter- right Latin dexter ambidexterity, ambidextrous, dexter, dexterity, dexterous, dextral, dextrality, dextrin, dextrorse, dextrose
di- two Greek δι- (di-) diatomic, dicot, digamy, diode, dipole
dia-[124] apart, through Greek διά (diá) deacon, diagram, dialysis, diameter
div-, diff- different Latin diversum different, divergence, diversity, divide, diffeomorphism
dic-, dict- say, speak, proclaim Latin dīcere, dictus, dictare benediction, condition, contradict, dictate, dictation, dictator, diction, dictionary, dictum, edict, indictment, interdiction, malediction, predict, prediction, valediction, verdict
digit- finger Latin digitus bidigitate, digit, digital, digitate, digitiform, digitigrade, multidigit, multidigitate
dipl-[125] twofold Greek διπλόος (diplóos), δίπλωσις (díplōsis), δίπλωμα (díplōma) diploblasty, diploid, diploidy, diploma, diplomacy, diplomat, diplomatic, diplomatics, diplonema, diplophase, diplopia, diplosis, diplotene, haplodiploid, haplodiploidy
do-[126] (ΔΟ[127]) give Greek διδόναι (didónai), δοτός, (dotós,), δόσις (dósis), δόμα, δόματος (dóma, dómatos) δῶρον, διδόμενον anecdote, antidoron, antidote, apodosis, dose
doc-, doct- teach Latin docere, doctus docile, doctor, doctrine, document, indoctrinate, indoctrination
dog-, dox- opinion, tenet Greek δοκεῖν (dokeîn) "to appear, seem, think", δόξα (dóxa) "opinion", δόγμα (dógma) dogma, dogmatic, dogmatism, doxology, heterodox, orthodox, paradox
dol- pain Latin dolere "to grieve", also dolus "grief" and dolor "pain" condolence, dol, doleful, dolorous, indolence
dom- house Latin domus dame, domal, dome, domestic, domesticate, domestication, domesticity, domestique, domicile, domiciliary, major-domo, semidome
domin- master Latin dominus "master"; (from domus "house") beldam, beldame, belladonna, codomain, codominance, codominant, condominium, dam, dame, damsel, danger, demesne, demoiselle, domain, dominance, dominant, dominate, domination, dominative, dominator, dominatrix, domine, domineer, dominicide, dominion, dominium, domino, duenna, dungeon, madam, madame, mademoiselle, madonna, predominance, predominant, predominate, quasidominance, semidominance, subdominant, superdominant
don- give Latin dōnum, donare condonation, condone, donate, donation, donative, donator, donatory, donor, pardon, pardonable
dorm- sleep Latin dormire dormant, dormitory
dors- back Latin dorsum disendorse, dorsal, dorsiferous, dorsiflexion, dorsiflexor, dorsigrade, dorsiventral, dorsum, dossier, endorse, endorsee, endorsement, indorse, indorsement, reredos
dram-, drom- (ΔΡΑΜ) run Greek δραμεῖν (drameîn), δρόμος (drómos) aerodrome, anadromous, antidromic, catadromous, diadromous, dromaeosaurid, heterodromous, hippodrome, loxodrome, monodromy, palindrome, syndrome
du- two Latin duo deuce, doubt, dual, duality, duet, duo, duplex, duplicity, duumvirate, duumviri, nonduality
duc-, duct- lead Latin ducere, ductus abduce, abduct, adduce, adduct, conduce, deduce, induce, introduce, produce, reduce, seduce, traduce
dur- hard Latin durus, durare dour, dura, durability, durable, durain, dural, duramen, durance, durancy, duration, durative, dure, duress, durity, durous, durum, endurable, endurance, endurant, endure, indurate, induration, nondurable, obduracy, obdurate, obduration, perdurable, perdurance, perdure, subdural
dyna-[128] power Greek δύνασθαι (dúnasthai), δυνατός, δύναμις (dúnamis), δυνάστης (dunástēs) aerodynamic, aerodynamics, antidynastic, autodyne, didynamous, dynamic, dynamism, dynamite, dynamo, dynast, dynastic, dynasty, heterodyne, metadynamics
dys- badly, ill Greek δυσ- (dus-) dysentery, dysphagia, dysphasia, dysplasia, dystrophy

E

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
ec-[129] out Greek ἐκ (ek) eccentric, ecstasy, ecstatic
ech- sound Greek ἠχή, ἠχώ, ἠχοῦς, ἠχεῖν (ēkheîn), ἤχημα anechoic, catechesis, catechism, catechist, catechize, catechumen, echo, echoic
eco- house Greek οἶκος (oîkos) ecology, economics, economy, ecumenism
ecto-[130] outside Greek ἐκτός (ektós) ectoderm, ectoparasite, ectotherm
ed-, es- eat Latin edere, esus comedo, comestible, edacity, edibility, edible, escarole, esculent, esurience, esurient, inedia, inedible, inescation, inescate, obese, obesity
ego-[131] self, I (first person) Latin, Greek ego, ἐγώ (egṓ) egocentric, egocentrism, egoism, egoistic, egomania, egomaniac
electr-[132] amber Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron) electric, electricity, electrolysis, electrolyte, electromagnetic, electron, electronic, polyelectrolyte
em-, empt- buy Latin emere, emptus adeem, adempt, ademption, exemption, preempt, redeem
en-, el-, em-[133] in Greek ἐν (en) emphasis, enclitic, enthusiasm, ellipsis, elliptic
encephal- brain Greek ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos) encephalopathy
endo-[134] inside, within Greek ἔνδον (éndon) endocardial, endocerid, endocrine, endocytosis, endogamy, endogenous, endorheic, endoscopy, endoskeleton, endosperm, endospore
ep-, epi-[135] upon Greek ἐπί (epí) ephedra, ephemeral, ephemeris, epicenter, epidemic, epilog, epiphany, episteme, epistemic, epistemology, epitaph, epitaphios, epithet, epitome, epoch, eponymous
equ-, -iqu- even, equal, level Latin aequus equal, equanimity, equate, Equator, equilibrium, equinox, equipoise, equity, equivalence, equivocal, equivocate, iniquity
erg-, org-, urg-[136] work Greek ϝέργον (wérgon), έργον (érgon), ἐργάτης (ergátēs), ὄργανον (órganon), ὀργανικός (organikós), ὄργια (órgia) allergic, allergy, argon, demiurge, dramaturgy, endoergic, energetic, energy, erg, ergate, ergatocracy, ergodic, ergometer, ergonomics, ergophobia, exoergic, gamergate, georgic, heterorganic, homorganic, liturgy, metallurgy, microorganism, organ, organic, organism, organist, organize, organogenesis, organoid, organoleptic, orgiastic, orgy, parergon, surgeon, synergism, synergy, theurgic, theurgist, theurgy, zymurgy
erot-[137] (sexual) love Greek ἔρως, ἔρωτος (érōs, érōtos) erogenous, erotic, erotomania, erotophilia, erotophobia
err- stray Latin errare aberrance, aberrancy, aberrant, aberration, err, errant, erratic, erratum, erroneous, error, inerrant
erythr-[138] red Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), ἐρύθημα (erúthēma) erythema, Erythraean, erythraemia, erythroblastopenia, erythrocyte, erythrocytosis, erythromelalgia, erythrophobia, erythrophore, erythroprosopalgia
eso-[139] within Greek ἔσω (ésō) esophoria, esoteric, esotericism, esotropia
ethn-[140] people, race, tribe, nation Greek ἔθνος (éthnos), ἐθνικός (ethnikós) ethnarch, ethnarchy, ethnic, ethnoarchaeology, ethnography, ethnomusicology, polyethnic
eu-[141] well, good Greek εὖ () aneuploidy, eudaemon (eudemon), eukaryote, euphony, euphoria, euphoric, euploid, euthanasia
ex-, e-, ef- outside, out of, from, out Latin ex exclude, exist, exit, extend, extrude
exo-[142] outside Greek ἔξω (éxō) exogamy, exoplanet, exoskeleton, exosome, exosphere, exoteric, exothermic, exotic, exoticism, exotropia
extra- outer Latin extra, extraneus and exterus estrange, estrangement, exterior, extra, extraneous, extraordinary, strange
extrem- outermost, utmost Latin extremus extreme, extremity, extremophile

F

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
fa-, fa (FA)[143] say, speak Latin fārī, see also fatērī affable, bifarious, confess, defamation, fable, fame, fascinate, fate, ineffability, infamy, infancy, infant, infantry, nefarious, preface, profess
fac-, fact-, -fect-, -fic- (FAC)[144] do, make Latin facere, factus affair, affect, affectation, amplify, artifact, artifice, benefactor, benefice, benefit, confection, counterfeit, defeat, defect, disaffect, edifice, effect, effectible, effection, effective, effectivity, effector, effectual, effectuality, effectuate, effectuation, efficacious, efficacity, efficacy, efficiency, efficient, enface, enfacement, facade/façade, face, facet, facette, facial, faciend, facient, facile, facilitate, facilitation, facilitative, facilitator, facilitatory, facility, facinorous, facsimile, fact, faction, factional, factionary, factious, factitious, factor, factorable, factorial, factory, factotum, factual, fake, fashion, feasible, feat, feature, feckless, fiat, forfeit, infect, inofficious, interoffice, laissez-faire, malefaction, manufacture, modify, nonofficial, office, official, officiant, officiary, officiate, officious, olfaction, omnificence, omnificent, parfait, perfect, perfecta, perfectibility, perfectible, perfection, perfective, perfector, pluperfect, prefect, prefectural, prefecture, prequalification, proficiency, proficient, profit, profitability, profitable, profiteer, profiterole, prolific, qualification, quasiperfect, rarefy, refactorable, refashion, refect, refection, refectory, reinfect, remanufacture, resurface, reunification, sacrifice, scientific, semelfactive, suboffice, subprefect, suffice, sufficiency, sufficient, superficial, superficiality, surface, surfeit, surficial, transfection, trifacial, trifecta, uniface, unifacial, unifactorial, unification
fall-, fallac-, fals- false, deceive Latin fallere, falsus, fallāx, fallācis default, fail, fallacious, fallacy, fallible, false, falsetto, falsify, falsity, fault
fasc- bundle Latin fascis fajita, fasciculation, fascism
fer- to bear, carry Latin ferre aquifer, circumference, confer, conifer, defer, differ, ferry, fertile, infer, Lucifer, offer, prefer, refer, suffer, transfer, vociferous
ferr- iron Latin ferrum ferrous
fid-, fis- faith, trust Latin fidēs "faith, trust", from fidere "to trust" confidante, confidence, confident, diffident, faith, fealty, fidelity, fiduciary, infidel, perfidious, perfidy
fig-, fing-, fict- (FIG)[145] to form, shape Latin fingere "to touch, handle; devise; fabricate, alter, change" configure, disfigure, effigy, feign, fiction, fictitious, figment, figurine, nonfiction, transfigure
fin- end Latin fīnis affinity, confine, define, final, finale, finance, fine, finish, finite, infinite, refine
firm- firm, strong Latin firmus, firmāre affirm, confirm, confirmation, firm, firmament, infirm
fix- attach Latin fīxāre, frequentative of fīgere affix, fix, fixation, fixture, prefix, suffix, transfix
fl-, fla- (FLA)[146] blow Latin flāre, flātus afflatus, conflate, deflate, flatulence, flatus, flavor, flute, inflate, insufflation, soufflé, sufflate
flect-, flex- bend Latin flectere, flexus circumflex, deflect, flex, flexible, flexile, flexion, flexor, genuflection, inflect, inflection, reflect, reflection, reflex
flig-, flict- strike Latin flīgere, -flīctus afflict, conflict, inflict, profligacy, profligate
flu-, fluv-, flux- flow Latin fluere, fluxus affluent, confluence, effluent, fluctuate, fluctuation, fluency, fluent, fluid, fluidity, flush, fluvial, flux, influence, influx, superfluous
form- shape Latin fōrma conform, deform, form, formal, formation, formula, formulate, inform, perform, reform, uniform
fort- strong Latin fortis force, fort, forte, fortify, fortitude, fortress
frag-, frang-, -fring-, fract- break Latin frangere, frāctus defray, diffract, fractal, fraction, fractious, fracture, fragile, fragment, frangible, fray, infraction, infringe, refract, refractory, refrain
frater-, fratr- brother Latin frāter fraternal, fraternity
frig- cold Latin frīgere frigid, frigorific
front- forehead Latin frōns, frontis confront, frontage, frontal
fruct-, frug- fruit Latin frūx, frūgis; frū̆ctus fructose, frugivorous
fund- bottom Latin fundāre "to found", from fundus "bottom, foundation" found, founder, foundation, fund, fundament, fundamental, fundamentalism, profound, profundity
fund-, fus- pour Latin fundere, fūsus confound, diffusion, effusion, effusive, found, fusion, infusion, perfusion, profuse, profusion, refund, suffusion, transfusion

G

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
galact-[147] (ΓΛΑΚ)[148] milk Greek γάλα, γάλακτος (gála, gálaktos) galactagogue, galactic, galactorrhea, lactose, polygala, polygalactia, galaxy
gam-[149] marriage, wedding Greek γάμος (gámos), γαμεῖν (gameîn), γαμέτης (gamétēs), γαμετή (gametḗ) agamic, agamogenesis, agamospermy, agamy, allogamy, anisogamete, anisogamy, apogamy, autogamy, cleistogamous, cleistogamy, cryptogam, deuterogamist, deuterogamy, digamous, digamy, endogamous, endogamy, exogamous, exogamy, gamete, gametic, gametocyte, gametogenesis, gametophyte, geitonogamy, heterogametic, heterogamous, heterogamy, homogametic, karyogamy, misogamy, monogamous, monogamy, oogamy, planogamete, plasmogamy, polygamist, polygamy
gastr-[150] stomach Greek γαστήρ, γαστρός (gastḗr, gastrós) epigastric, epigastrium, gasteroid, gastric, gastrin, gastritis, gastroenterologist, gastroenterology, gastrolith, gastronomic, gastronomy, gastroparesis, gastropod, gastroptosis, gastroschisis, gastrotrich, mesogastric, Myxogastria
ge-, geo-[151] earth Greek γῆ (), γαῖα, γαίας (gaîa, gaías), γεω- (geō-) apogee, biogeography, epigeous, Gaia, geocentric, geocentrism, geode, geodesy, geodetic, geography, geoid, geology, geomancy, geometry, geomorphology, geophysicist, geophysics, georgic, Georgics, geosphere, geostatic, geostrophic, geosynchronous, geosyncline, hypogeous, hypogeum, Pangea, perigee
gel- icy cold Latin gelum congeal, congelation, gel, gelati, gelatin, gelatinous, gelation, gelato, gelée, gelid, gelifluction, gelignite, jellification, jelly
gen-, gon-[152] (ΓΕΝ)[153] birth, beget, race, kind Greek γίγνεσθαι (gígnesthai), and related γένος (génos), γενετικός (genetikós), γένεσις (génesis); see also γενεά (geneá) allergen, anagenesis, antigen, autogenesis, autogenous, biogenesis, dysgenic, endogen, endogenous, epigene, epigenesis, epigenetics, epigone, erogenous, Eugene, eugenic, eugenics, exogenous, gametogenesis, gene, genealogy, genesis, genetic, genocide, genotype, genophobia, gonad, heterogeneous, homogenesis, homogenetic, homogeneous, hydrogen, hypogene, hypogenesis, hypogenic, hypogenous, monogenic, oogenesis, paragenesis, pathogen, polygenous, progenesis, pseudogene, spermatogenesis
gen- (GEN)[154] beget Latin gignere, genitus, genus (genitive generis), see also generare congenial, engender, gender, generate, generation, genial, genius, genital, genitive, genteel, gentle, genuine, genus, indigenous, ingenious, ingenuous, primogenitor, progeny
ger-, gest- (GES)[155] bear, carry Latin gerere, gestus agger, congest, digest, gerundive, gestation, register, suggest, vicegerent
germ- sprout Latin germen, germinis germ, German, germane, germicide, germinal, germinate, germination, nongermane, regerminate
glaci- ice Latin glacies glacé, glacial, glaciation, glacier, glacious, glacis, glance
glob- sphere Latin globus global, globate, globe, globose, globosity, globular, globule, globulin, inglobate
gloss-, glot-[156] tongue Greek γλῶσσα (glôssa), γλωττίς (glōttís) aglossia, anthropoglot, aryepiglottic, diglossia, epiglottis, gloss, glossary, glossophobia, glottis, heterogloss, heteroglossia, idioglossia, isogloss, monoglot, monoglottism, polyglot, polyglottism
glutin- glue Latin gluten, glutinis agglutinant, agglutinate, agglutination, agglutinative, glue, glutelin, gluten, glutinosity, glutinous, nonagglutinative
glyc-[157] sweet Greek γλυκύς (glukús) glycogen, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycolipid, glycophyte, glycoprotein, glycoside, glycosidic, hypoglycaemia
glyph-[158] carve Greek γλύφειν (glúphein), γλυφή (gluphḗ), γλυπτός (gluptós), γλυπτικός (gluptikós) aglyphous, anaglyph, ditriglyph, ditriglyphic, glyph, glyptic, Glyptodon, glyptograph, hieroglyph, hieroglyphic, monotriglyph, opisthoglyphous, petroglyph, proteroglyphous, solenoglyphous
gnath-[159] jaw Greek γνάθος (gnáthos), γναθμός Agnatha, agnathous, chilognath, compsognathus, endognathion, epignathous, exognathion, gnathic, gnathophyma, hypognathous, hystricognath, mesognathion, mesognathous, prognathism
gno-[160] (ΓΝΩ)[161] know Greek γιγνώσκειν (gignṓskein), γνῶναι, γνωτός (gnônai, gnōtós), γνωστός (gnōstós), γνωστικός (gnōstikós), γνῶσις (gnôsis), γνῶσμα, γνώμη (gnôsma, gnṓmē), γνώμων (gnṓmōn) agnosia, agnostic, agnosticism, anagnorisis, diagnosis, dysanagnosia, gnomic, gnomon, gnomonic, gnosia, gnosis, Gnostic, gnosticism, pathognomonic, physiognomy, prognosis, telegnosis
gnosc-, -gnit- know Latin gnoscere acquaint, acquaintance, agnition, agnize, cognition, cognitional, cognitive, cognitivity, cognizable, cognizance, cognizant, cognize, cognoscence, cognoscenti, cognoscible, cognovit, connoisseur, ennoble, ennoblement, ignoble, ignorant, ignoscible, incognito, nobiliary, nobilitate, nobilitation, nobility, noble, note, notice, noticeable, notion, notional, notionality, notoriety, notorious, precognition, quaint, reacquaint, recognition, recognize, reconnaissance, reconnoiter, reconnoitre
gon-[162] corner, angle, knee Greek γωνία (gōnía), γόνυ (gónu) goniometer, gonion, gonioscope, gonitis, gonyaulax, gonycampsis, hexagon, pentagon, polygon, trigon, trigonometry
grad-, gred-, gress- (GRAD)[163] walk, step, go Latin gradi, gressus "to step", from gradus "step" aggradation, aggression, antegrade, anterograde, centigrade, degrade, degree, egress, gradation, grade, gradient, gradine, gradual, graduality, graduate, graduation, gree, ingress, multigrade, nongraduate, postgraduate, progradation, prograde, progress, regress, retrogradation, retrograde, saltigrade, tardigrade, transgress
gramm- letter, writing Greek γράφειν (gráphein), γράμμα, γράμματος (grámma, grámmatos), γραμματικός (grammatikós) anagram, anagrammatic, diagram, diagrammatic, engram, epigram, epigrammatic, grammar, grammatic, grammaticist, hologram, lipogram, monogram, pangrammatic, pentagram, program, programmatic, telegram, telegramme, tetragram, tetragrammaton, trigram
gran- grain Latin grānum degranulation, engrain, filigree, garner, garnet, grain, granary, grange, granger, granite, granivore, granivorous, granivory, granola, granular, granularity, granulate, granulation, granule, grenade, grogram, grosgrain, ingrain, multigrain, pomegranate
grand- grand Latin grandis aggrandisement, grandee, grandeur, grandific, grandiloquent, grandiloquous, grandiose, grandiosity, grandioso, grandity
graph-[164] draw, write Greek γράφειν (gráphein), γραφικός (graphikós), γραφή (graphḗ), γραφία (graphía), γραφεῖον (grapheîon) allograft, anepigraphic, autograft, autograph, digraph, epigraphic, epigraphy, graft, graph, grapheme, graphemics, graphene, graphic, graphite, graphology, graphomania, graphospasm, heterograph, hexagraph, holography, homograph, isograft, logographic, micrograph, monograph, orthography, paragraph, photograph, photographic, photomicrograph, polygraph, pseudepigraphy, syngraft, telegraph, telegraphy, tetragraph, trigraph
grat- thank, please Latin grātus, see also gratia aggrace, agree, agreeable, agreeance, agreement, congratulant, congratulate, congratulatory, congree, disagree, disagreeable, disagreement, disgrace, grace, graciosity, gracioso, gracious, gratification, gratify, gratis, gratitude, gratuitous, gratuity, gratulant, gratulate, gratulation, gratulatory, grazioso, gree, ingrate, ingratiate, ingratiation, ingratitude, maugre, noncongratulatory, nongratuitous
grav- heavy Latin gravis aggravate, aggravation, aggravative, aggravator, aggrieve, aggrievement, degravation, gravamen, grave, gravid, gravida, gravidity, gravitas, gravitate, gravitation, gravitational, gravity, grief, grieve, grievance, grievant, grievous, ingravescence, ingravescent, multigravida, multigravidity, nongravitational, nulligravida, primigravida, reaggravate, supergravity
greg- flock, herd Latin grex, gregis aggregate, aggregation, aggregator, congregant, congregate, congregation, congregational, desegregate, desegregation, disaggregate, disgregate, disgregation, egregious, gregarian, gregarine, gregarious, intercongregational, segregate, segregation
gust- taste Latin gustus disgust, gustatory, gusto, gustoso
gutt- drop Latin gutta gout, gutta, guttate, guttifer, guttiform
gymn-[165] nude Greek γυμνός (gumnós) gymnasium, gymnast, gymnastics, gymnophobia, gymnoplast, gymnosophist, gymnosperm, gymnospore
gyn-, gynaec-[166] woman Greek γυνή, γυναικός, (gunḗ, gunaikós) acrogynous, androgyne, androgynous, androgyny, epigyne, epigynous, epigynum, gymnogynous, gynaeceum, gynaecocracy, gynarchy, gyne, gynecocracy, gynecology, gynecomastia, gynodioecious, gynoecium, gynoid, gynophobia, heterogynous, hypogynous, misogynist, monogyny, oligogyny, philogyny, polygynist, polygyny
gyr-[167] ring Greek γῦρος (gûros), γυρός (gurós) agyria, autogyro, gyre, gyrectomy, gyrencephalic, gyrodyne, gyroid, gyromagnetic, gyromancy, gyroscope, gyrosphere, gyrostat, gyrostatic gyrotropic, gyrus, microgyrus, micropolygyria, pachygyria, polygyria, polymicrogyria, ulegyria

H

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
hab-, -hib-, habit-, -hibit- have Latin habere "to have", habitus "habit", habitare "to live (reside)" ability, able, debenture, debile, debilitate, debility, debit, debitor, debt, debtor, devoir, disability, disable, disenable, disinhibit, disinhibition, due, duty, enable, enablement, endeavor, exhibit, exhibition, exhibitor, habeas corpus, habendum, habenula, habile, habilitate, hability, habit, habitable, habitance, habitant, habitat, habitation, habitator, habitual, habituate, habituation, habitude, habitudinal, inability, indubitable, inhabile, inhabit, inhabitable, inhabitant, inhabitation, inhibit, inhibition, inhibitory, nonhabitual, prebend, prebendary, prohibit, prohibition, prohibitive, prohibitory, provender, rehabilitant, rehabilitate, rehabilitation, rehabilitative, rehabilitator
haem-, hem-[168] blood Greek αἷμα, αἵματος (haîma, haímatos) anaemia, anemia, haematemesis, haematopoiesis, haematuria, haemochromatosis, haemophilia, haemophobia, haemoptysis, haemorrhage, haemorrhoid, haemosiderosis, haemostatic, hematocrit, hematogenesis, hematoma, hematophagous, hematophagy, hematopoiesis, hematopoietic, hematuria, hemocoel, hemocyte, hemoglobin, hemoglobinuria, hemophagy, hemophilia, hemophiliac, hemoptysis, hemorrhage, hemorrhagic, hemorrhea, hemorrhoid, hemorrhoidectomy, hemosiderin, hemosiderosis, hemostat, hemotherapy, hyperaemia, hyperemia, hyphaema, hyphema, methemoglobin, methemoglobinemia, microhematuria, microhemorrhage, polycythaemia
hal-[169] salt Greek ἅλς, ἁλός (háls, halós),
ἅλινος (hálinos)
halide, halieutic, halite, halochromic, halochromism, halogen, halomancy, halophile, halophyte, oxohalide, thermohaline
hal-, -hel- breathe Latin halare, halatus anhelation, anhele, anhelous, exhalable, exhalant, exhalation, exhale, halitus, inhalable, inhalant, inhalation, inhale
hapl-[170] simple, single Greek ἁπλοῦς (haploûs), ἅπλωσις (háplōsis), ἅπλωμα (háplōma) haplochromine, haplodiploid, haplodiploidy, haplography, haploid, haplology, haplont, haplontic, haplophase, haplopia, haplosis, haplotype
heg-[171] lead Greek ἄγω, ἡγεῖσθαι (hēgeîsthai), ἡγούμενος (hēgoúmenos), ἡγεμών (hēgemṓn), ἡγεμονία, ἡγεμονικός diegesis, diegetic, eisegesis, exegesis, exegete, exegetic, hegemon, hegemonic, hegemony, hegumen, hypodiegetic, metadiegetic, protohegumen
heli-[172] sun Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios) aphelion, heliocentric, heliocentrism, heliodor, heliograph, heliolatry, heliomania, heliometer, heliopause, Heliophila, heliophobia, heliophyte, Helios, helioscope, heliosphere, heliostat, heliotherapy, heliotrope, heliotropic, heliotropism, helium, parhelion, perihelion
helic-[173] something twisted or spiral Greek ϝελίσσω, ἑλίσσειν (helíssein), ἕλιξ, ἕλικος (hélix, hélikos), ἕλιξις, ἕλιγμα (hélixis, héligma), (helikoeidḗs) anthelix, antihelix, helicine, helicograph, helicoid, helicopter, helicospore, helix
Hell-[174] Greece, Hellas Greek Ἑλλάς, ἑλλάδος (Hellás, helládos) Helladic, Hellenic, Hellenism, Hellenistic
hemi- half Greek ἥμισυς (hḗmisus) anhemitonic, hemiballismus, hemicryptophyte, hemicube, hemicycle, hemidesmosome, hemimelia, hemimetabolic, hemimetabolism, hemimetaboly, hemiparesis, hemiplegia, hemipolyhedron, hemisphere, hemitonic
hen- one Greek ἕν (hén), ἑνάς, ἑνάδος (henás, henádos), ἕνωσις (hénōsis) enosis, enotikon, henad, hendiadys, henotheism, hyphen
hepat-[175] liver Greek ἧπαρ, ἥπατος (hêpar, hḗpatos), ἡπατικός (hēpatikós) heparin, hepatic, hepatitis, hepatocyte, hepatology, hepatomancy, hepatoscopy, hepatotoxic, hepatotoxin, hepatotropic
hept-[176] seven Greek ἑπτά (heptá) heptachord, heptagon, heptagram, heptagraph, heptahedron, heptamer, heptameric, heptameter, Heptateuch, heptathlete, heptathlon, heptatonic, heptode
here-, hes- cling, stick Latin haerere, haesus adhere, adherence, adherend, adherent, adhesion, adhesive, cohere, coherence, coherent, cohesion, cohesive, decoherence, hesitancy, hesitant, hesitate, hesitation, hesitator, incoherent, inhere, inherency, inherent, inhesion, nonadherence, nonadherent, nonadhesive
herb- grass Latin herba herbal, herbicide, herbivore
heter-[177] different, other Greek ἕτερος (héteros) heterochromatin, heterodox, heterodoxy, heterogeneity, heterogeneous, heterophobia, heterosexuality, heterosexual, heterosis, heterotic
hex-[178] six Greek ἕξ (héx), ἑξάς, ἑξάδος (hexás, hexádos) hexachord, hexad, hexadic, hexagon, hexagram, hexahedron, hexamer, hexamerous, hexameter, hexapod, hexastyle, hexasyllabic, Hexateuch, hexatonic, hexode, tetrahemihexahedron
hibern- wintry Latin hibernus hibernacle, hibernaculum, hibernal, hibernate, hibernation, hibernator
hier-[179] holy, sacred Greek ἱερός (hierós) hierarch, hierarchy, hieratic, hierocracy, hierodeacon, hieroglyph, hieroglyphic, hierogram, hierolatry, hieromonk, hierurgy
hipp-[180] horse Greek ἵππος (híppos) ephippium, hippeis, hippocampus, hippodrome, hippology, Hippolyte, hippomancy, hippophagy, hippophile, hippophobia, hippopotamus, parahippocampus
hod-[181] way Greek ὁδός (hodós) anode, cathode, diode, electrode, episode, ergodic, exodos, exodus, heptode, herpolhode, hodograph, hodology, hodometer, hodonym, hodophobia, hodoscope, hydathode, method, methodic, Methodism, Methodist, methodology, octode, parodos, pentode, period, periodic, synod, tetrode, triode
hol-[182] whole Greek ὅλος (hólos), ὁλικός (holikós) catholic, holiatry, holism, holistic, holography, holomorphic, holonomy
hom-[183] same Greek ὁμός (homós) homiletic, homily, homogeneous, homograph, homologous, homology, homomorphism, homonym, homophobia, homophone, homosexual, homozygous
homin- human Latin homo, hominis ad hominem, bonhomie, homage, hombre, homicide, hominid, homuncular, homunculus, human, humane, humanitarian, humanity, inhuman, inhumane, inhumanity, Nemo, nonhuman, omber, ombre, prehuman, subhuman, superhuman, transhuman
homoe-, home-[184] like, similar Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios), ὁμοῖος, ὁμοιότης homeomorphism, homeopathy, homeostasis, homeothermy, homoeopathy, homoiotherm, homoiothermic
hor-[185] hour Greek ὥρα (hṓra) horologist, horology, horometry, horoscope
hort- garden Latin hortus, horti antecourt, cohort, cortege, court, courteous, courtesan, courtesy, courtier, curtain, curtilage, Curtis, discourteous, discourtesy, frontcourt, horticultural, horticulture
hospit- host Latin hospes, hospitis co-host, hospice, hospitable, hospital, hospitality, host, hostal, hostel, hosteler, hostler, hotel, hotelier, inhospitable, inhospitality
hum- ground Latin humus, humare disinhume, exhumation, exhume, humate, humation, humble, humic, humicolous, humiliate, humiliation, humility, humus, inhumation, inhume
hydr-[186] water Greek ὕδωρ, ὕδατος (húdōr, húdatos), ὕδρα (húdra) clepsydra, dehydrate, hydathode, hydatid, hydatidosis, hydra, hydrant, hydrate, hydraulic, hydraulics, hydrochloric, hydrodynamics, hydroelectric, hydrogen, hydrologist, hydrology, hydrolysis, hydromancy, hydrophile, hydrophilic, hydrophily, hydrophobia, hydrophobic, hydroponic, hydrosphere, hydrostat, hydrostatic, hydrothermic, hydrous, hydrozoa, polyhydric
hygie-[187] healthy Greek ὑγιής (hugiḗs), ὑγίεια (hugíeia), ὑγιεινός (hugieinós), ὑγιάζειν Hygieia, hygiene, hygienic, hygienics, hygienist
hyp-, hypo-[188] under , below Greek ὑπό (hupó) hyphen, hypoallergenic, hypodermic, hypogene, hypothermia, hypothesis, hypotonic, hypoxemia, hypoxia
hyper-[189] above, over Greek ὑπέρ (hupér) hyper, hyperbaric, hyperbola, hyperbole, Hyperion, hyperlink, hyperoxia, hyperpyrexia, hyperthermia, hypertonic
hypn-[190] sleep Greek ὕπνος (húpnos) hypnagogia, hypnagogic, hypnolepsy, hypnophobia, hypnopompia, hypnopompic, hypnosis, hypnotherapy, hypnotic, hypnotist, hypnotize
hyster-[191] womb Greek ὑστέρα (hustéra) hysteralgia, hysteratresia, hysterectomy, hysteria, hysteric, hysterosalpingography

I

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
iatr-[192] heal Greek ἰᾶσθαι (iâsthai), ἰατρός (iatrós), ἰατρικός (iatrikós), ἰατρεύειν (iatreúein), ἰατρεία (iatreía), ἴασις, ἴαμα iatrogenic, physiatry, podiatrist, podiatry, psychiatrist, psychiatry
ichthy-[193] fish Greek ἰχθύς, ἰχθύος (ikhthús, ikhthúos) ichthyology, Ichthyophaga, ichthyophobia, ichthyoplankton, ichthyosis
idi-[194] own, peculiarity Greek ϝίδιος, ἴδιος (ídios), "private, personal, one's own" idiolect, idiom, idiopathic, idiopathy, idiophone, idiosyncrasy, idiosyncratic, idiot, idiotic
ign- fire Latin ignis igneous, ignite, ignition
in- (1), il-, im- in, on Latin in illuminate, import, incur, intend, invite
in- (2), il-, im-, ir- not, un- (negation) Latin in- illicit, impossible, inimical, insane, irrational
infra- below, under Latin infra infrared, infrastructure
integr- whole, complete Latin in-, teg- integrate, integration, integer, integrational, disintegrate, integral, unintegrated
inter- among, between Latin inter (preposition) intercollegiate, intermission, intersection
intra- inside , within Latin intra intramural, intravenous
is-, iso-[195] equal, same Greek ϝίσϝος (wíswos), ἴσος (ísos) isogloss, isograph, isometric, isomorphic, isosceles, isotonic, isotropic
-itis inflammation Greek -ῖτις tonsillitis


J

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
jac-, -ject- cast, throw Latin jacio (also spelled iacio), iectus abject, adjectival, adjective, conjectural, conjecture, deject, dejection, disject, disjection, ejaculate, ejaculation, ejaculatory, eject, ejecta, ejection, ejective, ejectment, ejector, inject, injection, injective, injector, interject, interjection, interjectional, interjector, interjectory, introject, introjection, introjective, jactation, jactitation, jaculate, jaculation, jaculator, jaculatory, jaculiferous, jet, jetsam, jettison, nonobjective, object, objectification, objection, objectionable, objective, objectivity, objector, parget, project, projectile, projection, projective, projector, reject, rejectamenta, rejection, subject, subjection, subjective, subjectivity, subjicible, surjection, surjective, traject, trajectile, trajection, trajectory, trijet
judic- judge Latin iudex, iūdicis adjudicate, adjudication, adjudicative, adjudicator, adjudicatory, extrajudicial, injudicious, judge, judgement, judgment, judgmental, judicable, judicative, judicator, judicatory, judicature, judicial, judiciary, judicious, nonjudgmental, nonjudicial, prejudge, prejudgment, prejudice, prejudicial, quasijudicial
jung-, junct- join Latin iungo, junctus adjoin, adjoint, adjunct, adjunction, adjunctive, conjoin, conjoint, conjunct, conjunction, conjunctive, disjoin, disjoint, disjunct, disjunction, disjunctive, enjoin, enjoinder, enjoinment, injunction, injunctive, join, junction, juncture, junta, junto, nondisjunction, nonjoinder, rejoin, rejoinder, sejoin, sejungible, subjoin, subjoinder, subjunctive, surrejoinder
jus-, jur- law, justice Latin ius, iuris abjure, jurisprudence, jury, just, justice, objurgate, perjury
juxta- beside, near Latin juxta juxtaposition


K

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
kilo- thousand Greek χίλιοι (khílioi) kilobyte, kilogram, kilometer, kiloliter
kine-, cine- movement, motion Greek κινεῖν (kineîn), κίνησις (kínēsis), κίνημα (kínēma) akinesia, akinesis, akinete, akinetic, cinema, cinematic, diakinesis, dyskinesia, dyskinetic, hyperkinesia, hyperkinesis, hyperkinetic, hypokinesia, hypokinesis, hypokinetic, kinematics, kinescope, kinesiologist, kinesiology, kinesis, kinesthetic, kinetic, kineticism, kinetics, kinetochore, kinetophobia, photokinesis, telekinesis
klept- steal Greek κλέπτειν (kléptein), κλέπτης (kléptēs) kleptocracy, kleptomania, kleptophobia, kleptoplasty


L

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
lab-, lep-[196] grasp, seize, take Greek λαμβάνειν (lambánein), λῆψις (lêpsis), λῆμμα (lêmma) analemma, analemmatic, analeptic, catalepsy, cataleptic, dilemma, dilemmatic, epilepsy, epileptic, hypnolepsy, hysteroepilepsy, metalepsis, narcolepsy, nympholepsy, octosyllabic, procatalepsis, prolepsis, proleptic, proslepsis, syllabic, syllabism, syllable, syllabogram, syllepsis, trisyllabic, trisyllable
lab-, laps- slide, slip Latin labi, lapsus collapse, collapsible, elapse, labile, lapse, prolapse, relapse
labi- lip Latin labia, labiae bilabial, bilabiate, infralabial, labial, labiate, labium, sublabial, supralabial
labor- work Latin labor collaborate, collaboration, collaborative, collaborator, elaborate, elaboration, elaborative, elaborator, labor, laboratory, laborious
lacrim- cry, tears Latin lacrima lachrymal, lachrymose, lachrymosity, lacrimal, lacrimation, lacrimator, lacrimatory, lacrimous
lact- milk Latin lac, lactis, lactare ablactate, ablactation, lactary, lactase, lactate, lactation, lactational, lacteal, lacteous, lactescent, lactic, lactose, laitance, latte
lapid- stone Latin lapis, lapidis dilapidate, dilapidation, lapidarian, lapidary, lapidate, lapidation, lapidator, lapideous, lapidescence, lapidescent, lapidicolous, lapidification, lapillation, lapilli
lat- broad, wide Latin latus laticlave, latifoliate, latifundium, latitude, latitudinal, latitudinarian, latitudinous
later- side Latin latus, lateris ambilateral, ambilaterality, bilateral, bilaterality, collateral, contralateral, equilateral, extralateral, inequilateral, ipsilateral, lateral, laterality, matrilateral, multilateral, nonlateral, patrilateral, plurilateral, quadrilateral, semilatus, septilateral, trilateral, unilateral
leg-[197] say Greek λέγειν (légein), λέγεσθαι (légesthai), λεκτός (lektós), λεκτικός (lektikós), λέξις (léxis), λεξικός (lexikós), λεξικόν (lexikón), λόγος (lógos), (logḗ), λεγόμενον (legómenon), λογεῖον alexia, alexithymia, apologetic, apologia, apology, dialect, dialectic, dialectologist, dialectology, dialog, dialogue, dyslexia, dyslexic, dyslogia, dyslogism, ethnolect, legomenon, lexeme, lexicography, lexicology, lexicon, lexigram, lexis, logic, logion, logos, prolegomenon
leg-, lect- choose, gather, read Latin legere coil, colleague, collect, collectible, collection, collective, collector, college, collegial, collegiality, collegian, collegiate, collegium, counterintelligence, cull, deselect, diligence, diligent, elect, electability, electable, electee, election, elective, elector, electoral, electorate, eligibility, eligible, elite, illegibility, illegible, ineligibility, ineligible, intellect, intellection, intellectual, intellectuality, intelligence, intelligent, intelligentsia, intercollegiate, lectern, lectin, lection, lectionary, lector, lectorate, lecture, legend, legendary, legendry, legibility, legible, legion, legionary, legionnaire, legume, leguminous, lesson, neglect, negligee, negligence, negligent, negligible, nonelective, nonelite, nonnegligible, nonselective, postelection, predilect, predilection, preelection, prelect, prelection, prelector, preselect, recollect, recollection, reelect, reelection, religion, reselect, sacrilege, select, selectance, selectee, selection, selective, selectivity, selector, superselection, uniselector
leg- law Latin lex, legis allege, disloyal, disloyalty, extralegal, illegal, legal, legality, legific, legislate, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature, legitim, legitimacy, legitimate, loyal, loyalty, nonlegal, privilege
leon- lion Latin leo, leonis dandelion, Leo, leonine, Leopold
leuc-, leuk-[198] white Greek λευκός (leukós) aleukemia, aleukocytosis, leucism, leucocyte, leucopenia, leucoplast, leukemia, leukocytopenia, leukopenia, leucophore
lev- lift, light, raise Latin levare "lighten, raise", from levis "light" (in weight) alleviate, alleviation, bas-relief, counter-relief, deleverage, elevate, elevation, elevator, leaven, legerity, levade, Levant, levee, lever, leverage, leviable, levitate, levitation, levity, levy, relevé, relief, relieve, sublevation, superelevation
liber- free Latin liber, liberare deliver, deliverance, illiberal, illiberality, liberal, liberality, liberalize, liberate, liberation, liberator, libertarian, liberticide, libertinage, libertine, liberty, ultraliberal
libr- book Latin liber, libri interlibrary, libel, libellant, libellee, libellous, librarian, library, libretto
lingu- language, tongue Latin lingua bilingual, bilinguality, bilinguous, collingual, elinguation, interlanguage, language, ligula, ligular, ligule, lingua franca, lingual, linguiform, linguine, multilingual, prelingual, quadrilingual, sublingual, trilingual
lip-[199] fat Greek λίπος (lípos) lipolysis, lipophile, lipophilic, lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, synaloepha
liqu- flow Latin liquere deliquesce, liquefy, liqueur, liquid, liquor, prolix
liter- letter Latin littera alliteration, alliterative, biliteral, biliterate, illiteracy, illiterate, literacy, literal, literary, literate, literati, literatim, literation, literator, literature, multiliteral, nonliteral, nonliterary, nonliterate, obliterate, obliteration, preliterate, quadriliteral, transliteracy, transliterate, transliteration, triliteral, uniliteral
lith-[200] stone Greek λίθος (líthos) aerolithology, endolith, endolithic, epilithic, lithagogue, lithic, lithography, lithology, lithophile, lithophone, lithophyte, lithosphere, lithotomy, megalith, Mesolithic, microlite, monolith, monolithic, Neolithic, Paleolithic, photolithography, phytolith, regolith, stylolite
loc- place Latin locus, locare accouchement, allocate, bilocation, bilocular, cislocative, collocation, couch, couchant, dislocate, dislocation, interlocal, lieu, local, locale, locality, locate, location, locative, locator, locomotion, loculament, locular, locule, loculose, loculus, locus, milieu, multilocal, multilocation, multilocular, nonlocal, relocate, relocation, translocate, translocation, translocative, trilocular, unilocular
log-, -logy word, reason, speech, thought Greek λόγος (lógos), λογία (logía) analogy, anthology, apology, biology, dialogue doxology, ecology, epilogue, etymology, eulogy, geology, ideologue, logarithm, logic, logogram, logopaedics, logophile, logotherapy, meteorology, monologue, morphological, neologism, neurology, philology, prologue, psychology, tautology, terminology, theology, toxicology, trilogy, zoology
loqu-, locut- speak Latin loqui allocution, circumlocution, colloquial, colloquy, elocution, eloquent, eloquence, grandiloquent, interlocution, loquacious, loquacity, magniloquent, obloquy, soliloquy
luc- bright, light Latin lūx (genitive lūcis), lucere elucidate, elucidation, elucubrate, elucubration, lucent, lucid, lucidity, Lucifer (bearer of light), luciferase, luciferin, luciferous, lucifugal, lucubrate, lucubration, luculent, noctilucent, pellucid, pellucidity, relucent, semipellucid, translucency, translucent, translucid, translucidus
lumin- light Latin lumen, luminis, luminare dislimn, enlumine, illuminable, illuminance, illuminant, illuminate, illuminati, illumination, illumine, intraluminal, limn, lumen, luminaire, luminal, luminance, luminant, luminaria, luminary, lumine, luminescence, luminescent, luminiferous, luminosity, luminous, relumine, subluminal, subluminous, superluminal, transluminal
lun- moon Latin lūna circumlunar, cislunar, demilune, luna, lunar, lunate, lunatic, lunation, lune, lunette, luniform, lunisolar, mezzaluna, mezzelune, plenilunary, semilunar, sublunar, sublunary, superlunary, translunar
lut- yellow, golden Latin lūtum, lūteus corpus luteum, luteal, lutein, luteinizing hormone, luteous
ly-, lysi-, lyt-[201] dissolving Greek λύειν (lúein), λυτός (lutós), λυτικός (lutikós), λύσις (lúsis) analyse, analysis, analytic, aparalytic, autolysis, catalyse, catalysis, catalyst, catalytic, cytolysis, dialysis, electrolysis, electrolyte, electrolytic, Hippolyte, hydrolysis, hydrolyte, hydrolytic, lysigeny, lysine, lysis, lysosome, lytic, meta-analysis, palsy, paralyse, paralysis, paralytic, plasmolysis, proteolysis


M

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
magn- great, large Latin magnus magnanimity, magnanimous, magnate, magnificent, magnify, magnitude, magnum
mal- bad, wretched Latin malus dismal, grand mal, malady, malaise, malediction, malefaction, malevolent, malfeasance, malfunction, malice, malicious, malignancy, malnourished, malodorous, premalignant
mamm- breast Latin mamma mammal, mammary, mammography
man-, mant-[202] (ΜΑΝ)[203] crazy Greek μαίνεσθαι (maínesthai), μανία (manía), μανικός (manikós), μάντις hypermania, hypomania, kleptomania, mania, maniac, manic, megalomania, monomania, pyromania, pyromaniac
man- (MAN-)[204] stay Latin manēre, mansus immanence, immanent, impermanence, impermanent, maisonette, manor, manorial, manse, mansion, ménage, menagerie, menial, meiny, messuage, nonpermanence, nonpermanent, permanence, permanent, quasipermanent, remain, remainder, remanence, remanent, remnant, semipermanent
man-, manu- hand Latin manus adminicle, amanuensis, Bimana, bimanous, bimanual, emancipate, mainour, maintain, manacle, manage, manageable, management, managerial, mandamus, mandate, manège, maneuver, manicure, manifer, manifest, manifestation, manifesto, maniform, maniple, manipulation, manipulative, maniraptoran, maniraptoriform, manner, mansuetude, manual, manuary, manubrial, manubrium, manuduction, manufacture, manumission, manumit, manuport, manure, manus, manuscript, mortmain, Quadrumana, quadrumanous
mand-, -mend- order, commit Latin mandāre, mandātus command, commandant, commandment, commend, commendable, commendam, commendation, commendatory, counterdemand, countermand, demand, demandant, encomienda, mandamus, mandatary, mandate, mandator, mandatory, recommend, recommendation, remand, remandment
mar- sea Latin mare, maris maar, mariculture, marina, marinade, marinara, marinate, marination, marine, mariner, maritime, submarine, ultramarine
mas- male, man Latin mās, māris, masculus, masculi emasculate, emasculation, emasculator, masculate, masculine, masculinity
mater-, matr- mother Latin mater, matris maternal, maternity, matrimony, matrix, matron
maxim- greatest Latin maximus maxim, maximal, maximum, submaximal
mechan-[205] machine or instrument Greek μῆχος, μηχανή (mēkhanḗ), μηχανικός (mēkhanikós) machine, mechane, mechanics, mechanism, mechanize, mechanobiology, mechanophilia, mechanophobia
medi-, -midi- middle Latin medius, mediare dimidiation, immediate, intermediary, mean, media, median, mediate, mediation, medieval, mediocre, Mediterranean, medium, moiety, multimedia, postmeridian, submediant
meg-, megal-[206] great, large Greek μέγας, μεγάλου (mégas, megálou) acromegaly, Megacles, megacycle, megalomania, megalopolis, megaphone
melan-[207] black, dark Greek μέλας, μέλανος (mélas, mélanos), μελανότης amelanism, aphaeomelanism, eumelanin, hypermelanic, melancholic, melancholy, Melanesia, melanin, melanism, melanoblastoma, melanocyte, melanoma, melanophobia, melanophore, melanosis, melatonin, neuromelanin, pheomelanin
mell- honey Latin mel, mellis melliferous, mellific, mellifluence, mellifluent, mellifluous, melliloquent, mellivorous
memor- remember Latin memor commemorate, immemorial, memoir, memorabilia, memorable, memorandum, memorial, memory, remembrance
men- month Greek μήν (mḗn) menopause, menorrhea
ment- mind Latin mens, mentis comment, dement, dementia, memento, mental, mentality, mention, reminisce, reminiscence
mer-[208] part Greek μείρεσθαι (meíresthai), μέρος (méros) antimere, antimeria, biopolymer, decamer, decamerous, dimer, dimeric, dimerism, dimerous, enantiomer, enneamer, heptamer, heterodimer, heterotetramer, hexamer, homodimer, homotetramer, isomer, isomeric, isomerism, mereology, merisis, merism, meristem, meristematic, meristic, meromorphic, metamere, metamerism, Moirai, monomer, monomeric, octamer, oligomer, oligomeric, pentamer, pentamerous, photopolymer, phytomer, polymer, tautomerism, telomer, telomere, tetramer, tetrameric, trimer, trimerize
merge-, mers- dip, plunge Latin mergere demerge, demersal, demerse, demersion, emerge, emergence, emergency, emergent, emersion, immerge, immergence, immerse, immersible, immersion, immersive, merge, reemerge, reemergence, reimmerse, submerge, submergence, submerse, submersible, submersion
mes-[209] middle Greek μέσος (mésos) Mesolithic, mesophile, mesophilic, mesoscopic, mesosphere, mesozoic
met-, meta-[210] above, among, beyond Greek μετά (metá) metabolism, metalogic, metamorphic, metamorphosis, metaphase, metaphor, metaphysics, metastatic, meteor, method
metall-[211] mine Greek μέταλλον (métallon), μεταλλικός (metallikós) dimetallic, electrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, metallic, metalloid, metallophobia, metallophone, metallurgist, metallurgy, organometallic, polymetal, polymetallic, pyrometallurgy, tetrametallic, trimetallic
meter-, metr- measure Greek μέτρον (métron) anemometer, anemometric, antisymmetric, antisymmetry, asymmetric, asymmetry, axonometric, barometer, barometric, bathometer, diameter, diametric, dysmetria, graphometer, hexameter, hygrometer, hygrometry, isodiametric, isometric, isoperimetric, meter, metre, metric, metrology, metronome, monosymmetric, parameter, parameterize, parametric, parametrize, pentameter, perimeter, polymeter, symmetric, symmetry, telemeter, telemetric, telemetry, tetrameter, thermometer, trimeter, trimetric
metr-[212] mother Greek μήτηρ, μητρός (mḗtēr, mētrós), μητρικός (mētrikós) haplometrosis, metrocyte, metropolis, pleometrosis
micr-[213] small Greek μικρός (mikrós), μικρότης microbe, microcosm, microeconomics, micrometer, microphone, microscope, microscopic
migr- wander Latin migrare countermigration, emigrant, emigrate, emigration, émigré, immigrant, immigrate, immigration, migrant, migrate, migration, migrational, migratory, nonmigratory, remigrant, remigrate, remigration, transmigrant, transmigrate, transmigration, transmigratory
milit- soldier Latin mīles, militis militant, military, militia
mill- thousand Latin mille mile, millennium, million
min- less, smaller Latin minor, minus administer, administration, administrative, administrator, administratrix, maladminister, maladministration, minestrone, minister, ministerial, ministerialis, ministerium, ministrant, ministrate, ministration, ministrative, ministry, minor, minority, minstrel, minstrelsy, minus, minuscule, quasiminuscule, semiminor
mir- wonder, amazement Latin mirus, miror, mirari, miratus sum admirability, admirable, admiration, admirative, admire, marvel, marvelous, miracle, miraculous, mirage, Miranda, mirative, mirativity, mirror
mis-[214] hate Greek μισεῖν (miseîn), μῖσος (mîsos) misandrist, misandry, misanthrope, misanthropy, misocainea, misogamist, misogamy, misogynist, misogyny, misoneism, misopaedia, misophonia, misotheism
misc-, mixt- mix Latin miscere, mixtus admix, admixtion, admixture, commix, commixture, immiscibility, immiscible, immix, immixture, intermix, intermixture, maslin, meddle, mestizo, Métis, miscellanea, miscellaneous, miscellany, miscibility, miscible, mix, mixture, permiscible, permix, permixtion, postmix, premix, promiscuity, promiscuous, remix
miser- unhappy, wretched Latin miser commiserate, commiseration, immiserate, immiseration, miser, miserable, misericord, misery
mit-, miss- (MIT-)[215] send Latin mittere, missus admissibility, admissible, admission, admissive, admit, admittatur, admittee, commissar, commissariat, commissary, commission, commissive, commissural, commissure, commit, commitment, committal, committee, compromis, compromise, compromissary, decommission, decommit, decommitment, demise, demiss, demit, dimissory, dimit, dismiss, dismissal, dismissive, emissary, emission, emissitious, emissive, emissivity, emit, emittent, entremet, fideicommissary, fideicommissum, impermissible, inadmissibility, inadmissible, intermission, intermittent, intromissible, intromission, intromissive, intromit, intromittent, manumission, manumit, mess, message, messenger, missile, mission, missionary, missive, mittimus, noncommittal, omissible, omission, omissive, omit, permissible, permission, permissive, permissory, permit, permittee, premise, premiss, premit, pretermission, pretermit, promise, promisee, promissive, promissory, readmission, readmit, recommit, remise, remiss, remissible, remission, remissive, remissory, remit, remittal, remittance, remittee, remittence, remittent, remittitur resubmit, retransmission, retransmit, subcommittee, submission, submissive, submit, surmise, transmissibility, transmissible, transmission, transmissive, transmit, transmittal
mne-[216] memory Greek μνᾶσθαι (mnâsthai), μνήμη (mnḗmē) amnesia, amnesty, anamnesis, anamnestic, dysmnesia, Mneme, mneme, mnemonic
mod- measure, change Latin modus "measure" accommodate, accommodation, accommodative, accommodator, bimodal, bimodality, bimodular, bimodule, commode, commodification, commodious, commodity, decommodification, demodulate, demodulation, demodulator, immodest, immodesty, intermodal, intermodulation, modal, modality, mode, model, moderate, moderation, moderato, moderator, modern, modernity, modest, modesty, modicum, modification, modify, modiolus, modular, modularity, modulate, modulation, modulator, module, modulo, modulus, multimodal, multimodality, postmodern, postmodernity, Quasimodo, remodel, remodulate, supermodel, trimodal, trimodality, ultramodern, ultramodernity, unimodal, unimodality, unimodular, unimodularity
moll- soft Latin mollis emollience, emollient, moil, mollescence, mollescent, mollient, mollification, mollify, mollitude, mollusc, molluscicide, molluscivore, mollusk
mon-[217] alone, only Greek μόνος (mónos), μονάς, μονάδος (monás, monádos) monachism, monad, monadic, monarchy, monastery, monastic, monasticism, monatomic, monism, monist, monk, monoid, monolith, monometer, monopod, monopoly, monopsony, monotone
mon- warn Latin monere, monitus admonish, admonishment, admonition, admonitor, admonitory, monition, monitor, monitory, monument, monumental, premonition, premonitory, resummon, summon
monstra- show Latin monstrāre counterdemonstration, counterdemonstrator, demonstrable, demonstrant, demonstrate, demonstration, demonstrative, demonstrator, demonstratory, indemonstrable, monster, monstrance, monstration, monstrosity, monstrous, muster, premonstrant, premonstrate, Premonstratensian, premonstration, premonstrator, remonstrance, remonstrant, remonstrate, remonstration, remonstrative
mont- mountain Latin mons, montis amount, Belmont, cismontane, dismount, insurmountable, intermontane, montage, montan, Montana, montane, montant, monticello, monticule, montiform, montigenous, mount, mountaineer, mountainous, nonremontant, paramount, piedmont, remontancy, remontant, remontoire, remount, submontane, surmount, surmountable, tantamount, tramontana, tramontane, transmontane, ultramontane, Vermont
mord- bite Latin mordere, morsus mordacious, mordacity, mordancy, mordant, mordent, mordente, mordicancy, mordicant, mordication, mordicative, morsel, morsitation, premorse, remorse
morph-[218] form, shape Greek μορφή (morphḗ) allomorph, amorphous, anamorph, anamorphic, anamorphism, anamorphosis, anthropomorphism, apomorphy, autapomorphy, automorphism, catamorphism, dimorphic, dimorphism, dysmorphic, dysmorphophobia, ectomorph, ectomorphic, enantiomorph, enantiomorphic, endomorph, endomorphic, epimorphism, geomorphology, hemimorphic, holomorph, holomorphic, holomorphism, homeomorphic, homeomorphism, homomorphic, homomorphism, hylomorphism, hypermorphosis, isomorphic, isomorphism, mesomorph, mesomorphic, metamorphic, metamorphism, metamorphosis, monomorphic, monomorphism, morpheme, Morpheus, morphine, morphology, morphosyntactic, morphosyntax, paramorph, peramorphism, peramorphosis, perimorph, plesiomorphy, polymorphic, polymorphism, pseudomorph, synapomorphy, teleomorph, teleomorphic, theriomorphic, trimorphic, trimorphism, zoomorph, zoomorphism
mort- death Latin mors, mortis antemortem, immortal, immortality, mortal, mortality, mortician, mortiferous, mortification, mortuary
mov-, mot-, mut- move, motion Latin movere, motus admove, amotion, amove, bimotor, cocommutator, commotion, commove, commutable, commutation, commutative, commutativity, commutator, commute, countermotion, countermove, countermovement, demote, demotion, emotion, emotional, emotive, emotivity, emove, equimomental, immobile, immutable, immutation, immute, incommutable, locomotion, locomotive, mobile, mobility, molt, moment, momental, momentaneous, momentary, momentous, momentum, motation, motif, motile, motility, motion, motional, motivate, motivation, motivational, motivator, motive, motor, moult, movant, move, movement, movent, mutability, mutable, mutate, mutation, mutineer, mutinous, mutiny, mutual, mutuality, noncommutative, noncommutativity, nonmotile, nonmotility, nonmutual, pari-mutuel, permutable, permutate, permutation, permutational, permute, promote, promotion, promotional, promotive, promotor, promove, remote, remotion, removal, remove, subpermutation, transmove, transmutable, transmutate, transmutation, transmute, transmutual, trimotor
multi- many, much Latin multus multilingual, multiple, multiplex, multiplication, multiplicity, multiply, multitude, multitudinous
mund- world Latin mundus anima mundi, antemundane, demimondaine, demimonde, extramundane, intramundane, map, mondain, mondaine, mondial, mondo, mundane, mundanity, ultramundane
mycet-[219] fungus Greek μύκης, μύκητος (múkēs, múkētos) ascomycete, basidiomycete, mycology, Mycoplasma, zygomycete, zygomycosis
myth-[220] story Greek μῦθος (mûthos) mythic, mythology, mythomania, mythopoeia, mythos


N

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
narc-[221] numb Greek ναρκᾶν (narkân), νάρκη (nárkē) narcolepsy, narcosis, narcotic
narr- tell Latin narrare counternarrative, inenarrable, narration, narrative, narrator
nas- nose Latin nāsus intranasal, nasal, nasalance, nasalis, nasality, nasolabial, nonnasal
nasc-, nat- born Latin nascere, nāsci (past participle natus) adnascent, adnate, adnation, agnate, agnatic, agnation, binational, cognate, cognatic, cognation, connascence, connascent, connate, connation, connatural, denature, enascent, enate, enatic, enation, impregnate, innate, international, multinational, nada, naïf, naissant, naïve, nascency, nascent, natal, natality, nation, national, nationality, native, nativity, natural, naturality, nature, née, nonnative, postnatal, pregnancy, pregnant, prenatal, preternatural, renaissance, renaissant, renascence, renascent, renature, subnational, supernatural, supranational, transnational, transnationality
naut-[222] ship Greek ναῦς (naûs), ναύτης (naútēs) aeronautic, Argonaut, astronaut, cosmonaut, nausea, nautical, nautilus
nav- ship Latin nāvis antenave, naval, nave, navicular, navigable, navigate, navy, nonnavigable
ne-, neo-[223] new Greek νέϝος, νέος (néos) Neolithic, neologism, neon, neonate, neophyte
necr-[224] dead Greek νεκρός (nekrós), νέκρωσις (nékrōsis) necromancy, Necronomicon, necrophilia, necrophobia, necropolis, necropsy, necrosis, necrospermia, necrotic, necrotize, necrotomy
nect-, nex- join, tie Latin nectere, nexus adnexum, annectent, annex, annexation, annexion, connect, connexion, deannexation, disconnect, interconnect, nexus, reconnect
nem-, nom-[225] arrangement, law Greek νέμειν (némein), νομός (nomós), νόμος (nómos), νέμεσις (némesis), νομάς, νομάδος (nomás, nomádos), νομαδικός (nomadikós), νομαδία, νομή, νομίζειν (nomízein), νόμισμα (nómisma) anomie, anomy, antinome, antinomic, antinomy, archnemesis, autonomy, isonomy, metronomic, nemesis, nomad, nomadic, nomadism, nomadize, nomarch, nomarchy, nome, nomology, nomothetic, Numidia, numismatics
nephr-[226] kidney Greek νεφρός (nephrós) mesonephric, mesonephros, metanephridium, metanephros, nephridiopore, nephridium, nephrite, nephritis, nephrogenesis, nephrolith, nephrolithiasis, nephrologist, nephrology, nephron, nephroptosis, nephrostome, pronephros, protonephridium
nerv- sinew, nerve Latin nervus enervate, enervation, enervative, innervate, innervation, nerval, nervate, nerve, nervose, nervosity, nervous, reinnervation, trinervate
nes-[227] island Greek νῆσος (nêsos) Chersonesus, Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Peloponnese, Polynesia
neur-[228] nerve, sinew Greek νεῦρον (neûron) aponeurosis, endoneurium, epineurium, neural, neurapraxia, neurasthenia, neuritis, neuroblast, neuroblastoma, neurocranium, neurocyte, neuroendocrine, neuroendocrinology, neurologic, neurologist, neurology, neuromorphology, neuron, neurone, neuropathic, neuropathology, neuropathy, neuroplastic, neurosis, neurosurgeon, neurosurgery, neurotic, neuroticism, perineurium, polyneuropathy
nigr- black Latin niger denigrate, denigration, denigrative, denigrator, negrita, nigrities, negrito, negritude, nigrescence, nigrescent, nigrine, nigritude
nihil- nothing Latin nihilum annihilate, annihilation, annihilator, nihil, nil
noc- hurt, harm Latin nocere innocence, innocent, innocuity, innocuous, innoxious, nocebo, nocent, nociception, nociceptive, nocifensor, nocument, nocuous, noxious, nuisance, obnoxious
noct- night Latin nox (noctis) equinoctial, equinox, noctambulous, noctiluca, noctilucent, noctule, nocturn, nocturnal, nocturnality, nocturne, notturno, seminocturnal, trinoctial
nod- knot Latin nodus acnode, binodal, crunode, denouement, extranodal, internodal, internode, intranodal, multinodal, nodal, node, nodose, nodosity, nodular, nodulation, nodule, nodulose, nodulus, nodus, supernode, tacnode, trinodal, uninodal
nom- arrangement, law, order Greek νόμος (nómos), νομή agronomy, antinomy, astronomy, autonomous, autonomy, bionomics, economics, economy, gastronomy, metronome, numismatic, polynomial, taxonomy
nomen-, nomin- name Latin nomen, nominis agnomen, agnominal, agnomination, binomen, binominal, denomination, denominational, denominative, denominator, ignominious, ignominy, innominate, innomine, interdenominational, multidenominational, multinominal, nomenclator, nomenclature, nominal, nominate, nomination, nominative, nominator, nominee, nondenominational, noun, postnominal, praenomen, prenominal, pronominal, pronoun, redenomination, renominate, renown, surnominal, trinomen, trinominal
non- not Latin non none, nonexistent, non-fiction, noninvasive
non- ninth Latin nōnus nonary, None, nonet, noon
noso-, -nosis disease Greek νόσος nosogenesis, zoonosis
not- letter, mark, note Latin notare annotate, annotation, annotator, connotation, connotational, connotative, connote, denotation, denotational, denotative, denotatum, denote, nondenotative, nonnotable, nonnotational, notability, notable, notarial, notariat, notary, notate, notation, notational
nov-, nome-, non-, novem- nine Latin novem November, novennial, Nonillion, Nomedecillion
nov- new Latin novus innovate, innovation, innovational, innovative, innovator, innovatory, nova, novation, novel, novella, novelty, novice, novitiate, renovatable, renovate, renovation, renovative, renovator, supernova
nox- harm Latin noxa noxious, obnoxious
nub-, nupt- to marry, to wed Latin nubes, nubis, nubere connubial, connubiality, nubile, nuptial, postnuptial, prenuptial
nuc- nut Latin nux, nucis enucleate, enucleation, extranuclear, internuclear, intranuclear, multinucleate, nougat, nucament, nucellar, nucellus, nucifer, nuciferine, nuciferous, nuciform, Nucifraga, nucivorous, nuclear, nucleate, nucleation, nucleolar, nucleolate, nucleolus, nucleus, pronuclear, pronucleus, supranuclear
nunci- announce Latin nuntius announce, announcement, annunciation, denounce, denouncement, denunciation, enounce, enouncement, enunciable, enunciate, enunciation, enunciative, internuncial, internuncio, nunciature, nuncio, obnounce, pronounce, pronouncement, pronunciation, pronuntiatio, renounce, renouncement, renunciation
nutri- nourish Latin nutrire innutrition, malnourish, malnourishment, malnutrition, nonnutritional, nourish, nourishment, nurse, nurturance, nurture, nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, nutritional, nutritious


O

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
ob-, o-, oc-, of-, og-, op-, os-[229] against Latin ob obduracy, obdurate, obduration, obfuscate, oblique, obliquity, obstinate, obstreperous, occur, offend, omit, oppose, ostensible, ostentatious
oct-[230] eight Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ), ὀκτάς (oktás), ὀκτάκις (oktákis) "eight times" hemi-octahedron, octad, octadic, octagon, octahedron, octameter, octode
oct- eight Latin octō octangular, octennial, octovir
ocul- eye Latin oculus, oculare ocular, oculus, ullage
od- path, way Greek ὁδός (hodós) anode, diode, odometer, parodos, pentode, tetrode, triode
odont-[231] tooth Greek ὀδούς, ὀδόντος (odoús, odóntos) anodontia, conodont, cynodont, dicynodont, dysodontiasis, macrodontia, mastodon, odontoid, odontology, odontophore, orthodontics, orthodontist, pedodontics, periodontal, smilodon, Thrinaxodon, Zanclodon
oec-[232] house Greek ϝοῖκος (woîkos), οἶκος (oîkos) andromonecy, archdiocese, autoecious, autoecism, dioecious, dioecy, ecesis, ecologist, ecology, economics, economist, economize, economy, ecoregion, ecosystem, ecumenic, ecumenism, gynomonoecy, heteroecious, heteroecism, heteroecy, homoecious, monoecious, monoecy, oecology, oeconomus, oecumenic, oikology, oikophobia, palaeoecology, paleoecology, parish, paroecious, perioeci, trioecious
oen-[233] wine Greek ϝοῖνος (woînos), οἶνος (oînos) enology, oenochoe, oenologist, oenology, oenophile, oenophilia, oinochoe
-oid like Greek -οειδής (-oeidēs) asteroid, mucoid, organoid
ole- oil Latin oleum oleosity
olig-[234] few Greek ὀλίγος (olígos) oligarchy, Oligocene, oligopoly, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic
omni- all Latin omnis omnipotence, omnipresent, omniscient, omnivore
oneir-[235] dream Greek ὄνειρος (óneiros), ὀνειρώσσω, ὀνείρωξις (oneírōxis) oneiric, oneirism, oneirocritic, Oneirocritica, Oneirodidae, oneirogen, oneirogenic, Oneiroi, oneiroid, oneirology, oneiromancy, oneironaut, oneironautics, oneirophobia, oneirophrenia, oneiroscopy
onomat-[236] name Greek ὄνομα, ὀνόματος (ónoma, onómatos), ὀνομάζω, ὀνομαστικός (onomastikós) antonomasia, onomasiology, onomastic, onomasticon, onomastics, onomasty, onomatology, onomatophore, onomatopoeia
ont- being, existence Greek ὄντος, ὀντότης (óntos, ontótēs), οὐσία (ousía) dysontogenesis, homoiousia, homoousia, monoousious, ontogenesis, ontogenetic, ontogeny, ontology, ousia, parousia
onym-[237] name Greek ὄνυμα (ónuma) acronym, allonym, anonymous, antonym, autonym, caconym, cryptonym, eponym, eponymous, eponymy, euonym, homonym, hyperonym, hyponym, hyponymy, meronym, meronymy, metonym, metonymy, metronymic, paronym, paronymous, pseudonym, pseudonymous, synonym, synonymous, synonymy, tautonym, tautonymous, tautonymy, troponym, troponymy, xenonym, xenonymy
oo-[238] egg Greek ᾠόν (ōión) bottarga, dioon, epoophoron, oidioid, oidium, ooblast, oocyst, oocyte, oocytogenesis, oogamete, oogamous, oogamy, oogenesis, oogonium, ooid, oolite, oolith, oology, oomancy, oophagy, oophorectomy, oophoron, ootheca, ootid, ootidogenesis, paroophoron
oper- work Latin opus, operis cooperate, inoperable, opera, operate, opus
oper- cover Latin operire, operculum interoperculum, kerchief, opercular, operculiform, operculum
ophi-[239] snake Greek ὄφις, ὄφεως (óphis, ópheōs) Brachyurophis, ophicephalous, Ophicephalus, Ophiceras, Ophiclinus, ophidiophobia, ophiolite, ophiologist, ophiology, ophiophagous, Ophiophagus, ophiophagy, ophiophobia, Ophisaurus, Ophisops, ophitic
ophthalm-[240] eye Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós) exophthalmic, exophthalmos, microphthalmia, ophthalmia, ophthalmic, ophthalmologic, ophthalmologist, ophthalmology, ophthalmoparesis, ophthalmoplegia, parophthalmia, xerophthalmia
opisth-[241] behind Greek ὄπισθεν (ópisthen), ὀπίσθιος anopisthograph, opisthion, opisthobranch, opisthodomos, opisthoglyphous, opisthognathous, opisthograph, opisthokont, opisthosoma, opsimath, opsimathy
ops-, opt- (ΟΠ) eye Greek ὄψεσθαι (ópsesthai), ὀπτός (optós), ὀπτικός (optikós), ὄψις (ópsis) amblyopia, anopia, autopsy, biopsy, catadioptrics, catoptrics, catoptromancy, catoptrophobia, cyclops, diopter, dioptre, dioptrics, diplopia, eisoptrophobia, emmetropia, hemianopsia, myopia, opsoclonus, optic, optokinetic, panopticon, pleoptics, synopsis, synoptic, tritanopia
opt- choose Latin optare adopt, adoptee, adoption, adoptive, co-option, coopt, cooptation, nonoptional, opt, optation, optative, option, optional, optionality
or-, oro-[242] mountain Greek ὄρος, ὄρεος (óros, óreos), ὀρειάς Oread, orogenesis, orogenic, orogeny, orographic, orography, oronym
or- mouth Latin os (genitive oris) "mouth" adosculation, inosculate, inosculation, interosculate, intraoral, oral, orifice, osculant, osculum, peroral
ora- pray, plead Latin orare "to pray, plead" adore, adoration, exorable, inexorable, oracle, orate, oration, orator, oratorio, oratory, orison, perorate, peroration, perorator
ordin- order Latin ōrdō, ordinis coordinal, coordinate, coordination, coordinator, disorder, extraordinaire, extraordinary, grandorder, incoordinate, incoordination, infraorder, inordinate, inordination, insubordinate, insubordination, magnorder, mirorder, ordain, ordainment, order, ordinal, ordinance, ordinand, ordinariate, ordinary, ordinate, ordination, ordinative, ordnance, ornery, parvorder, preordain, preorder, preordination, quasiorder, reordain, reorder, reordination, suborder, subordinary, subordinate, subordination, superordain, superorder, superordinate, superordination
organ- organ, instrument, tool Greek ὄργανον (órganon) organic, organism, organogenesis
ori-, ort- rise Latin oriri, ortus aboriginal, abort, abortifacient, abortion, abortive, disorient, disorientation, orient, oriental, Orientalia, orientate, orientation, orientational, orientative, origin, original, originality, originate, origination, originator, reorient, reorientation
ornith-[243] bird Greek ὄρνις, ὄρνιθος (órnis, órnithos) Avernus, ornithology, ornithomancy, ornithorhynchus, ornithosis
orth-[244] straight Greek ὀρθός (orthós), ὀρθότης orthocenter, orthocentric, orthodontia, orthodontic, orthodontist, orthodox, orthodoxy, orthographic, ortholog, orthologous, orthonym, orthopedic, orthoscope, orthosis, orthostat, orthostyle, orthotic
osm-[245] odor Greek ὀσμή (osmḗ), ὄσμησις anosmia, anosmic, cacosmia, coprosmia, dysosmia, dysosmic, euosmia, hyperosmia, hyperosmic, hyposmia, hyposmic, osmium, osmolagnia, osmophobia, osphresiolagnia, parosmia, phantosmia, troposmia
oss- bone Latin os, ossis exossation, interosseous, ossature, osselet, osseocartilaginous, osseointegration, osseous, ossicle, ossicular, ossiferous, ossification, ossifrage, ossify, ossuary
oste-[246] bone Greek ὀστέον, ὀστέου (ostéon, ostéou), ὀστοῦν, ὀστοῦ (ostoûn, ostoû) dysostosis, endosteum, exostosis, hyperostosis, monostotic, Osteichthyes, osteoarthritis, osteoblast, osteochondritis, osteochondrosis, osteoclast, osteogenic, osteogenesis, osteoid, osteology, osteolysis, osteoma, osteomalacia, osteonecrosis, osteopathy, osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteosis, osteothrombosis, osteotome, osteotomy, periosteum, synostosis
ot-[247] ear Greek οὖς, ὠτός (oûs, ōtós) anotia, Aotus, microtia, Myosotis, otalgia, otic, otitis, otocephaly, otocleisis, otoconium, otocyst, otodynia, otolith, otology, otopathy, otophyma, otoplasty, otorhinology, otorrhea, otosclerosis, otoscope, otoscopy, ototomy, parotic, parotid, periotic, synotia
ov- egg Latin ovum obovate, oval, ovarian, ovariole, ovary, ovate, ovicapsule, ovicidal, ovicide, oviduct, oviferous, oviform, oviposition, ovipositor, ovolo, ovular, ovulation, ovulatory, ovule, ovum, pluriovulate
oxy-[248] sharp, pointed Greek ὀξύς (oxús) anoxia, anoxic, dioxide, hypoxia, monoxide, oxide, oxyanion, oxygen, oxyhalide, oxymoron, oxyntic, oxytone, paroxysm, pentoxide, polyoxide, tetraoxygen, tetroxide, trioxide


P

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
pac- peace Latin pax, pacis appease, Pacific, pacify, pay
pach-[249] thick Greek παχύς (pakhús), πάχος, πάχεος (pákhos, pákheos) pachydermata, pachyglossia, pachynsis, Pachypodium
paed-, ped-[250] child Greek παῖς, παιδός (paîs, paidós), παιδικός (paidikós) orthopedic, paediatric, paedogenesis, paedomorphism, page, pedagogue, pedagogy, pedant, pedantic, pediatric, pedodontics, pedophilia
palae-, pale-[251] ancient, old Greek παλαιός (palaiós) paleo diet, paleobiology, paleobotanic, Paleocene, Paleogene, Paleolithic, paleology, paleomagnetism, paleontology, paleopolyploidy, paleopsychology, Paleozoic
palin-, palim-[252] back Greek πάλιν (pálin) palimpsest, palindrome, palingenesis, palinspastic
pan-, pam-[253] all Greek πᾶς, παντός (pantós), πᾶν (pân), πασῶν, παντότης, πάντοθεν diapason, panacea, pandemic, pandemonium, panoply, panoptic, pantology, parrhesia
pand-, pans- spread Latin pandere, pansus/passus compass, dispand, dispansion, encompass, encompassment, expand, expanse, expansion, expansive, expansivity, impassable, impasse, pace, pandiculate, pandiculation, passus, repand, spawn, subrepand
par-, para-[254] beside, near Greek παρά (pará) parable, parabola, parallel, parallelepiped, parameter, parapagus, paradox, parody
par- equal Latin par compare, disparage, par, parity, peer, subpar
part- part Latin pars, partis apart, bipartite, compartment, depart, impartial, parcel, part, partial, participate, particle, partisan, partition
pasc-, past- feed Latin pāscere, pāstus antepast, antipasto, pabulum, pastel, pastern, pastiglia, pastille, pastor, pastorage, pastoral, pastorale, pastorate, pastorium, pasturable, pasturage, pastural, pasture, repast, repasture
path-[255] feeling, disease Greek πάσχειν (páskhein), παθητικός (pathētikós), πάθος (páthos) allopath, allopathy, antipathy, apathetic, apathy, empathy, etiopathogenesis, homeopathic, homeopathy, idiopathic, pathetic, pathoclisis, pathogen, pathogenesis, pathogenic, pathologist, pathology, pathos, psychopath, psychopathic, psychopathy, sympathectomy, sympathetic, sympathy
pater-, patr-[256] father Greek πατήρ, πατρός (patḗr, patrós), πατριά (patriá), πατριώτης (patriṓtēs) allopatric, allopatry, eupatrides, patriarch, patriarchy, patriot, patriotic, patriotism, patrology, patronym, patronymic, sympatric, sympatry
pater-, patr- father Latin pater (genitive patris) compadre, compaternity, compère, impetrate, impetration, impetrative, impetrator, Jupiter, padre, padrone, paterfamilias, paternal, paternity, paternoster, patriate, patriation, Patricia, patrician, patriciate, patricidal, patricide, Patrick, patriclinous, patricliny, patrifocal, patrilateral, patrilineage, patrilineal, patrilineality, patrilinear, patrilocal, patrilocality, patrimonial, patrimony, patron, patronage, patronal, patronate, patroness, patroon, patter, pattern, père, perpetrable, perpetrate, perpetration, perpetrator, repatriate, repatriation
pati-, pass- suffer, feel, endure, permit Latin pati, passus compassion, compassionate, compatibility, compatible, dispassion, dispassionate, impassible, impassion, impassive, impassivity, impatible, impatience, impatient, incompatibility, incompatible, interpatient, noncompatible, nonpassible, passibility, passible, passion, passional, passionary, passionate, passive, passivity, patible, patience, patient, patientive, perpession
pector- chest Latin pectus, pectoris pectoral
ped- foot Latin pes, pedis biped, bipedal, centipedal, centipede, decempedal, expediency, expedient, expeditate, expedite, expedition, expeditionary, expeditious, impeach, impeachable, impeachment, impede, impediment, impedition, impeditive, inexpedient, interpetiolar, intrapetiolar, millipede, multiped, multipede, octopede, oppidum, pawn, pedal, pedate, pedatifid, pedestal, pedestrian, pedicel, pedicle, pedicure, pediform, pedigerous, pedigree, peduncle, pedunculate, peon, peonage, petiolar, petiolate, petiole, petiolular, petiolulate, petiolule, piedfort, piedmont, pioneer, quadruped, quadrupedal, repedation, revamp, semiped, semipedal, sesquipedal, stapes, stapedius, subpetiolate, suppedaneum, tripedal, trivet, vamp, velocipede
pelag-[257] sea Greek πέλαγος (pélagos), πελαγικός (pelagikós) abyssopelagic, allopelagic, archipelagic, archipelago, bathypelagic, epipelagic, hadopelagic, mesopelagic, pelagic, pelagonym
pell-, puls- drive, push Latin pellere, pulsus appulse, compel, compulsory, dispel, expel, expulsion, impel, impulse, propel, propellent, propulsion, propulsive, propulsor, pulsate, pulse, push, repel, repellent, repulsive
pen- almost Latin paene peninsula, penultimate, penumbra
pen-, poen-, puni- punish Latin punire "punish" (earlier poenire), from poena "punishment" impune, impunity, pain, penal, penalize, penalty, penance, penitence, penitent, penitentiary, pine, punish, punitive, repent, subpoena
pend-, pens- hang Latin pensare, frequentative of pendere append, penchant, pendant, pending, pendulum, pensive, prepense, suspend, suspense
pent-[258] five Greek πέντε (pénte), πεντάς, πεντάδος (pentás, pentádos), πεντάκις (pentákis) "five times", πενταπλάσιος (pentaplásios) "five-fold", πενταχοῦ diapente, pentachoric, pentad, pentagon, pentagram, pentalpha, pentapolis, pentatonic, pentatope, pentode
pept- digest Greek πέσσειν (péssein), πεπτός (peptós), πεπτικός (peptikós), πέψις (pépsis) dipeptide, dyspepsia, dyspeptic, eupepsia, eupeptic, monopeptide, oligopeptide, pepsin, peptic, peptide, peptone, polypeptide, tetrapeptide, tripeptide
per-, pel- thoroughly, through Latin per pellucid, perfection, permeate, pernicious, persistence, peruse, pervade
peri-[259] around Greek περί (perí) Pericles, pericope, perigee, perihelion, perimeter, period, periphery, periscope
petr-[260] rock Greek πέτρα (pétra) epipetric, petrify, petroglyph, petrographic, petrography, petroleum, petrology, petrosomatoglyph
phag- eat Greek φαγεῖν (phageîn), φαγία (phagía) autophagosome, autophagy, bacteriophage, dysphagia, esophagitis, geophagia, hematophagy, macrophage, odynophagia, phagocyte, phagocytosis, phagolysosome, phagophilia, phagophobia, phagosome, phagy, polyphagia, pseudodysphagia, sarcophagus
pharmac-[261] drug, medicine Greek φάρμακον (phármakon) alexipharmic, pharmaceutics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, pharmacophobia, pharmacy
phan-, phen-[262] to show, visible Greek φαίνειν (phaínein), φαντός (phantós), φαινόμενον (phainómenon), φάσις (phásis) diaphanous, emphasis, epiphany, fantasy, phanerozoic, phantasm, phantom, phase, phene, phenetic, phenology, phenomenon, phenotype, photic, prophase, sycophant, telophase, theophany, tryptophan
pheb-, phob-[263] fear Greek φέβεσθαι (phébesthai), φόβος (phóbos), φοβέω autophobia, hydrophobia, panphobia, phobophobia
pher-, phor-[264] bear, carry Greek φέρειν (phérein), φορά (phorá), φόρος (phóros) adiaphora, adiaphorism, anaphor, metaphor, pheromone, phoresis, phoresy, phosphor, prosphora, pyrophoric
phil-, -phile[265] love, friendship Greek φίλος (phílos), φιλικός (philikós), φιλεῖν (phileîn), φιλία (philía), φίλτρον (phíltron) bibliophile, heterophil, hydrophile, paraphilia, philanthropy, philharmonic, philophobia, philosophy, philter, philtre, philtrum
phleb-[266] vein Greek φλέψ, φλεβός (phléps, phlebós), φλέβιον phlebitis, phlebography, phlebosclerosis, phlebotomist, phlebotomize, phlebotomy, thrombophlebitis
phleg-, phlog-[267] burn, heat, inflammation Greek φλέγειν (phlégein), φλέγμα (phlégma), φλόξ (phlóx) "flame" phlegm, phlegmasia, phlegmatic, phlegmon, phlegmonous, phlogistic, phlogiston, Phlox
phob- fear Greek φόβος (phóbos) acrophobia, arachnophobia, claustrophobia, ergophobia, homophobia, hydrophobia, zeusophobia
phon-[268] sound Greek φωνή (phōnḗ), φωνητικός (phōnētikós), φώνημα (phṓnēma) acrophonic, acrophony, allophone, antiphon, antiphony, aphonia, aphonic, apophony, archiphoneme, cacophony, diaphony, diplophonia, dysphonia, euphonic, euphonious, euphonize, euphony, heterophonic, heterophony, homophone, homophonous, homophony, hypophonesis, ideophone, idiophone, isophone, logophonetic, megaphone, microphone, misophonia, monophonic, monophony, morphophonology, phonaesthesia, phonaesthetics, phone, phonemic, phonesthemic, phonetic, phonetics, phonics, phonogram, phonograph, phonology, phonophobia, phonosemantics, phonotactics, polyphonic, polyphony, stereophonic, symphonic, symphony, telephonic, telephony
phos-, phot- light Greek φῶς, φωτός (phōtós) aphotic, biophoton, cataphote, diphoton, euphotic, microphotograph, phosphor, phosphorus, photic, photo, photobiology, photocatalysis, photochromism, photoelectric, photogenic, photogram, photograph, photography, photolysis, photometer, photometric, photometry, photon, photoperiod, photophobia, photophone, photophore, photopic, photoptarmosis, photosynthesis, phototaxis, phototherapy, phototroph, telephoto
phren-, phron-[269] mind Greek φρήν, φρενός (phrḗn, phrenós) euneirophrenia, euphrasy, Euphrosyne, frantic, frenetic, frenzy, oneirophrenia, phrenetic, -phrenia, phrenic, phrenitis, phrenology, phronema, phronesis, phronetic, schizophrenia, sophrosyne
phtheg-[270] utter Greek φθέγγεσθαι (phthéngesthai), φθεγκτός, φθεγκτικός, φθέγξις, φθέγμα, φθέγματος (phthégma, phthégmatos), φθεγματικός, φθόγγος (phthóngos), φθογγή apophthegm, apophthegmatic, diphthong, diphthongize, monophthong, monophthongize
phyll-[271] leaf Greek φύλλον (phúllon) chlorophyll, phyllotaxis
physi- nature Greek φύσις (phúsis) physics, physician
phyt- plant Greek φύειν (phúein), φυτόν (phutón) archaeophyte, autophyte, bryophyte, dermatophyte, neophyte, phytonym, phytoplankton
ping-, pict- paint Latin pingere, pictus depiction, picture, pigment
pisc- fish Latin piscis Pisces, piscivore
plan- flat Latin plānus applanate, applanation, aquaplane, complanar, complanate, coplanar, coplanarity, deplanate, deplane, emplane, esplanade, explain, explanation, explanatory, peneplain, pianissimo, piano, pianoforte, plain, plaintext, plan, planar, planarian, planary, planate, planation, plane, planification, planiform, planish, planula, planular, planulate
plat-[272] flat, broad Greek πλατύς (platús), πλατεῖα (plateîa) piazza, place, plaice, plateau, platitude, platyhelminth, platypus, Platyrrhini, platysma, Platyzoa, plaza
ple-[273] (ΠΛΕ) fill, full Greek πιμπλάναι (pimplánai), πλέως/πλέος, πλειότερος, πλειότης, πλήρης (plḗrēs), πληρόω, πλήρωσις (plḗrōsis), πλήρωμα (plḗrōma), πλήθειν (plḗthein), πλῆθος (plêthos), πληθύς, πληθύω, πληθύνω (plēthúnō), πληθυντικός, πληθώρα/πληθώρη (plēthṓra), πληθωρικός (plēthōrikós), πληθυσμός (plēthusmós) pleroma, plethodontid, plethora, plethoric, plethysm, plethysmograph, plethysmometry
ple-, plet- fill Latin plere complement, complete, deplete, implement, replete, suppletion, supply
plen- full Latin plenus plenary, plenitude, plenty, replenish
pleur-[274] rib, side Greek πλευρά (pleurá), πλευρόν (pleurón) metapleural, pleura, pleurisy, pleuritis, pleurodynia, pleuron
plic- fold Latin plicare, plicatus appliance, applicability, applicable, applicant, applicate, application, applicative, applicator, applicatory, appliqué, apply, centuplicate, centuplication, complicacy, complicant, complicate, complication, complice, complicity, conduplicate, conduplication, duplication, explicate, explicit, implicate, implicit, imply, plait, pleat, pliable, pliant, plight, ply, replica, replicate, replication, replicative, replicator, reply, splay, subduplicate, supplicant, supplicate, supplication, triplicate, triplicity
plur-, plus- more Latin plus, pluris double, plural, pluralist, plus, quadruple, surplus, triple
pne-[275] blow, breathe, lung Greek πνεῖν (pneîn), πνεῦμα (pneûma), πνεύμων (pneúmōn) anapnograph, anapnoic, apnea, apnoea, dyspnoea, pleuropneumonia, pneumatic, pneumatology, pneumonia, pneumonic, pneumotaxic
pod-[276] foot Greek πούς, ποδός (podós), ποδικός (podikós), ποδία (podía), πόδιον (pódion), πέδον (pédon), πεδίον, πέζα amphipod, antipode, decapod, podiatry, podium, podomancy, podomere, podopaediatric, polyp, polyposis, sympodium, tetrapod, tripod
polem-[277] war Greek πολεμεῖν (polemeîn), πόλεμος (pólemos), πολεμικός (polemikós) polemarch, polemic, polemology
poli-[278] city Greek πόλις, πόλιος (pólis, pólios), πολίτης (polítēs), πολιτικός (politikós) acropolis, biopolitics, cosmopolis, cosmopolitan, Decapolis, ecumenopolis, eperopolis, geopolitics, heptapolis, hexapolis, isopolity, megalopolis, megapolis, metropolis, pentapolis, police, policy, polis, politeia, politic, politicize, politics, politologist, politology, politonym, polity, propolis, tetrapolis, Tripoli
poly-[279] many Greek πολύς (polús), πολλός (pollós), πολλότης (pollótēs), πολλάκις (pollákis) "many times", πολλαπλάσιος/πολυπλάσιος, πλείων (pleíōn) "more", πλεῖστος (pleîstos) "most", πολλοστός (pollostós) hoi polloi, pollakanth, polyadic, polyandry, polygamy, polygon, polyphase, polysaccharide, polytheistic
pon-, posit- put Latin ponere, positus apposite, apropos, component, depose, deposit, exponent, expose, expound, impose, impound, opponent, position, positive, postpone, posture, propone, proponent, proposition, propound, repose
popul- people Latin populus, populare population, popular, populous
porphyr-[280] purple Greek πορφύρα (porphúra) porphyrin, porphyritic, porphyrophobia, porphyry
port- carry Latin portare "to carry", porta "gate" comportment, deport, export, import, port, portable, portage, portal, porter, portfolio, purport, rapport, report, support, transport
post- after, behind Latin post posterior, posterity, postscript
pot- power Latin potere "be powerful", from potis "powerful, able" despot, impotent, possess, potent, potentate, potential, power
potam-[281] river Greek ποταμός (potamós) autopotamic, hippopotamus, Mesopotamia, potamic, potamodromous, potamology, potamonym, potamophobia, potamoplankton
prag-[282] do Greek πράσσειν (prássein), πράττειν (práttein), πρασσόμενον, πρακτός (praktós), πρακτικός (praktikós), (prāktikḗ), πρᾶξις (prâxis), πρᾶγμα (prâgma) apraxia, dyspraxia, parapraxis, practic, practice, pragma, pragmatic, pragmatism, pragmatist, praxis
pre- before Latin prae previous
prehend-, prend-, prehens- grasp Latin prehendere, prehensus apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive, enterprise, prehensility, prehension, prey, prison, prize, reprehend, surprise
prem-, -prim-, press- press Latin premere, pressus compress, compression, compressor, depress, depression, depressive, espresso, express, expression, expressive, impress, impression, impressive, imprimatur, imprint, oppress, oppression, oppressive, oppressor, press, pressure, print, repress, repression, repressive, reprimand, suppress, suppression, suppressor
prim- first Latin primus coprime, nonprime, prima facie, primacy, primal, primality, primary, primate, prime, primer, primeval, primine, primitive, primogeniture, primordial, primrose, Primula, semiprime, subprimal, subprime
prior- former Latin prior prior, priority, priory, pristine, repristinate, subprior
pro-[283] before, in front of Greek πρό (pró), πρότερος (próteros) "former", πρῶτος (prôtos) prologue, prostate, prow
pro- for, forward Latin pro procrastinate, propel, propulsion
proct-[284] anus Greek πρωκτός (prōktós) Ectoprocta, Entoprocta, epiproct, hypoproct, paraproct, periproct, proctalgia, proctology
pros-[285] forth, forward Greek πρός (prós), πρόσθεν (prósthen), πρόσθιος (prósthios) prosenchyma, prosophobia, prosthesis, prosthion
prosop-[286] face Greek πρόσωπον (prósōpon) aprosopia, diprosopus, prosopography, prosoponym, prosopopoeia, prosopospasm
prot-[287] first Greek πρῶτος (prôtos) [note 1] amphiprotic, antiproton, protagonist, protanomaly, protanopia, protein, protist, protocol, proton, protoplasm, prototype, Protozoa
pseud-[288] false Greek ψεύδω, ψεῦδος (pseûdos) pseudonym
pseud- false Greek ψεύδομαι, ψευδής (pseudḗs) pseudonym
psych-[289] mind Greek ψύχειν (psúkhein), ψυχή (psukhḗ), ψυχικός (psukhikós) hylopsychism, panpsychism, psyche, psychedelia, psychedelic, psychiatry, psychic, psychoanalysis, psychologist, psychology, psychopathic, psychopathy, psychopomp, psychosis, psychotherapy, psychotic, psychoticism
pter-[290] wing Greek πτερόν, πτεροῦ (pterón, pteroû), πτέρυξ, πτέρυγος (ptérux, ptérugos), (pterugōtós), πτερίσκος apterous, apterygote, archaeopteryx, brachypterous, brachyptery, Chiroptera, chiropterologist, Endopterygota, exopterygote, helicopter, hemipterous, heteropterous, homopterous, Neoptera, peripteros, pterodactyl, pteron, pteropod, pterosaur, pterostigma, pterygote, tetrapterous
pulmon- lung Latin pulmo, pulmonis pulmonary
purg- cleanse Latin purgare expurgate, purgatory, purge
pyr-[291] fire Greek πύρ, πυρός (púr, purós), πυρά (purá), πυρότης, πυρετός, πυρέττειν antipyretic, Empyreuma, pyre, pyrite, pyroclastic, pyrolysis, pyromancy, pyromania, pyromaniac, pyrometric, pyrophobia, pyrophoric, pyrosis, pyrosome, pyrotechnic


Q

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
quadr- four Latin quattuor quadrangle, quadrennial, quadriceps, quadrifarious, quadrifid, quadrifolium, quadrifrons, quadrilateral, quadrilingual, quadriliteral, quadrillion, quadrimester, quadrinational, quadrinodal, quadrinomial, quadrinominal, quadripara, quadrireme, quadrisection, quadrivalent, quadrivium, quadruped, quadruple, quadruplet, quadruplex, quadruplicate, quatrain, quatre, quatrefoil
quart- fourth Latin quartus inquartation, interquartile, quadroon, quart, quartal, quartan, quartary, quarte, quarter, quartermaster, quartet, quartic, quartile, quartine, quarto, semiquartile
quasi- as if, almost Latin quasi quasar, quasiparticle
quati-, -cuti-, quass-, -cuss- shake Latin quatere cassate, cassation, concussion, concussive, conquassate, decussation, discuss, discussion, discussive, discutient, excuss, excussio, excussion, fracas, percuss, percussion, percussive, percussor, quash, quassation, recussion, repercussion, rescue, squash, squassation, subconcussive, succuss, succussation, succussion, succussive
qui- rest Latin quies, quiētus acquiesce, acquiescence, acquiescent, acquit, acquittal, acquittance, inquietude, quiescence, quiescent, quiet, quietude, quietus, quit, requiem, requiescat
quinque- five Latin quinque cinquain, cinque, quinquefoil, quinquennial, quinquennium, quinquepartite, quinquevalent


R

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
radic- root Latin rādix, rādīcis eradicate, radical, radix
re-, red- again, back Latin re- recede, redact
rect-, reg-, -rig- straight, direct Latin regere "to direct, lead straight, guide", related rectus "straight, right" correct, direct, dirigible, erect, erection, ergo, rectangle, rectify, rectitude, rectum, regent, regime, regimen, regiment, region, surge
reg-, rex- king Latin rex (genitive regis) regal, regency, regicide, Regis, regulation, reign, rex, royal
ren- kidney Latin rēnēs renal
retro- backward, behind Latin retrō retrograde, retrospective, retrovirus
rhe-[292] flow Greek ῥεῖν (rheîn), ῥυτός (rhutós), ῥύσις (rhúsis), ῥεῦμα (rheûma), ῥοία (rhoía), ῥυθμός (rhuthmós) antiarrhythmic, arrhythmia, arrhythmic, diarrhoea, dysrhythmia, endorheic, eurhythmia, eurhythmic, eurhythmy, gonorrhoea, hemorrhea, logorrhea, polyrhythm, rheology, rheometer, rheostat, rheum, rheumatic, rheumatism, rheumatoid, rheumatology, rhythm, rhythmic, rhyton
rhin-[293] nose, snout Greek ῥίς, ῥινός (rhís, rhinós) catarrhine, haplorhine, platyrrhine, rhinoceros, rhinophyma, rhinoplasty, strepsirrhine
rhiz-[294] root Greek ῥίζα (rhíza), ῥιζοῦν (rhizoûn), ῥίζωμα (rhízōma) ectomycorrhiza, rhizoid, rhizomatous, rhizome, rhizomorph, rhizomorphous, rhizophagous, rhizophagy, Rhizopogon, Rhizopus, rhizosphere
rid-, ris- laugh Latin ridere "to laugh" (past participle risus) deride, derision, ridicule, ridiculous, risible
rog- ask Latin rogāre abrogate, arrogant, arrogate, derogate, derogation, derogatory, interrogation, prerogative, prorogue, rogation, rogue, surrogate
ruber-, rubr- red Latin ruber erubescence, erubescent, rubella, Rubio, rubious, rubric, rubricate, rubrication, rubricator, ruby
rump-, rupt- break, burst Latin rumpere, ruptus abrupt, abruption, corrupt, corruptible, corruption, corruptor, disrupt, disruption, disruptive, disruptor, disrupture, erumpent, erupt, eruption, eruptive, incorrupt, incorruptibility, incorruptible, interrupt, interruptible, interruption, irrupt, irruption, irruptive, maleruption, noneruptive, reroute, rout, route, routine, rupture, subroutine, supereruption
rur- countryside, farm Latin rūs, rūris nonrural, roister, roisterous, rural, rustic, rusticate, rustication, rusticity


S

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
sacchar-[295] sugar Greek σάκχαρ, σάκχαρον (sákkharon) disaccharide, heteropolysaccharide, homopolysaccharide, lipooligosaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, pentasaccharide, polysaccharide, saccharin, trisaccharide
sali-, -sili-, salt- jump Latin salire, saltus assail, assailable, assailant, assailment, assault, assaultive, consilience, desultory, dissilience, dissilient, exult, exultant, exultation, insult, insultation, irresilient, resile, resilement, resilience, resiliency, resilient, result, resultant, salacious, salacity, salience, salient, sally, saltando, saltant, saltation, saltatorial, saltatory, saltigrade, saltire, salto, saltus, sault, sauté, sauteuse, sautille, sautoir, somersault, soubresaut, subsultory, transilience, transilient
salu- health, welfare Latin salus salubrious, salubrity, salutary, salute
salv- save Latin salvus, salvare salvage, salvation, salve
san- healthy Latin sanus insane, insanity, sanatorium, sane, sanitarian, sanitarium, sanitary, sanitation, sanity
sanc- holy Latin sancire (past participle sanctus) sacrosanct, saint, sanctify, sanction, sanctuary
sanguin- blood Latin sanguis, sanguinis consanguinity, sanguinary, sanguine
sarc-[296] flesh Greek σάρξ, σαρκός (sárx, sarkós) perisarc, sarcasm, sarcastic, sarcocele, sarcoid, sarcoidosis, sarcoma, sarcophagus, Sarcopterygii, sarcosine, sarcosinemia, sarcosome
scand-, -scend-, scans-, -scens- climb Latin scandere ascend, ascendency, ascendent, ascension, ascent, condescend, condescendence, condescension, descend, descendent, descension, descent, scansion, transcend, transcendence, transcendent, transcendental
scept-, scop- look at, examine, view, observe Greek σκέπτεσθαι (sképtesthai), σκέψις (sképsis), σκέμμα, σκεπτικός (skeptikós), σκοπεῖν (skopeîn), σκοπός, σκοποῦ (skopós) Abroscopus, diascopic, diascopy, endoscope, endoscopic, endoscopy, epidiascope, episcope, episcopic, gastroscopy, kaleidoscope, macroscopic, microscope, microscopic, panendoscopy, periscope, periscopic, scope, scopophobia, skeptic, stereoscopic, stereoscopy, stethoscope, telescope, telescopic, Telescopium
schid-[297] (ΣΧΙΔ)[298] split Greek σχίζειν (skhízein), σχιστός (skhistós), σχίσις (skhísis), σχίσμα (skhísma), σχίζα diaschisis, diaschisma, schisis, schism, schisma, schismatic, schizocarp, schizogamy, schizogony, schizoid, schizophrenia, schizotrichia
sci- know Latin scire conscience, conscious, conscientious, omniscious, omniscient, prescient, science, scienter
scler-[299] hard Greek σκέλλειν (skéllein), σκληρός (sklērós), σκληρότης (sklērótēs) sclera, sclerectomy, scleredema, sclereid, sclerema, sclerenchyma, sclerite, scleritis, scleroderma, sclerophyll, sclerophyllous, sclerosis, sclerotic, sclerotium, sclerotize
scrib-, script- write Latin scribere, scriptus describe, inscribe, manuscript, prescribe, scribble, scribe, script, scripture, subscribe
se-, sed- away, apart Latin se secede, sedition, seditious, seduce
sec-, sect-, seg- cut Latin secare secant, section, segment
sed-, -sid-, sess- sit Latin sedere, sessus assiduous, insidious, obsession, possess, preside, president, reside, resident, sedentary, sediment, sedimentary, sedulity, sedulous, session, subside, supersede
sema- sign Greek σῆμα (sêma) aposematic, asemasia, asemia, asemic, pentaseme, polyseme, polysemic, polysemous, polysemy, semantics, semaphore, semasiology, sematic, seme, sememe, semiotic, tetraseme, triseme
semi- half Latin semis semiannual, semicolon, semiconductor, semiconscious, semifinal, seminatural
sent-, sens- feel Latin sentire, sensus assent, consensus, consent, dissent, resent, scent, sensation, sense, sensible, sensitive, sensory, sentence, sentient, sentience, sentiment
sep-[300] rot Greek σήψ (sḗps),
σήπειν (sḗpein), σηπτός (sēptós), σηπτικός (sēptikós), σῆψις (sêpsis),
σηπία (sēpía)
antisepsis, antiseptic, asepsis, aseptic, sepia, sepsis, septic
sept- seven Latin septem septennial
sequ-, secut- follow Latin sequere, from sequi, see also secutus consecutive, consequence, ensue, non sequitur, obsequious, prosecute, pursue, second, sequel, sequence, subsequent
serv- save, protect, serve Latin servare conserve, deserve, observe, preserve, reserve, servant, service, servile, servitude, subservient
sex-, se- six Latin sex semester, sexangle, sexangular, sexavalent, sexennial, sexennium, sexireme, sexivalent, sexpartite, sexradiate, sextain
sicc- dry Latin siccare "to dry", from siccus "dry, thirsty" desiccate, desiccation, sec, siccative
simil-, simul- likeness, imitating Latin simulare "to emulate", from similis "alike" assimilate, dissimilate, dissemble, ensemble, resemble, semblance, similar, similarity, simile, similitude, simulacrum, simular, simulate, simulation, simulator, simultaneous, verisimilar, verisimilitude
sinistr- left Latin sinister, sinistri sinistral
sol- sun Latin sol, solis circumsolar, extrasolar, insolate, insolation, solar, solarium, soliform, soliscence, solstice, subsolar
sol- alone, only Latin solus desolate, desolation, desolatory, saudade, sole, soliloquy, solitaire, solitary, solitude, solitudinarian, solitudinous, solivagous, solo, sullen
solv-, solut- loosen, set free Latin solvere, solutus absolute, absolve, dissolute, dissolve, resolute, resolve, soluble, solute, solution, solve, solvent
soma-[301] body Greek σῶμα, σώματος (sôma, sṓmatos) allosome, asomatous, autosome, centrosome, chromosome, decasomy, disomic, disomy, episome, gonosome, heptasomy, heterochromosome, heterodisomic, heterodisomy, hexasomy, isodisomic, isodisomy, macrosomia, metasomatic, metasomatism, microsome, microsomia, monosome, monosomic, monosomy, pentasomic, pentasomy, plasmosome, polysomic, polysomy, pyrosome, somatic, somatomancy, somatoparaphrenia, somatopleure, somatotype, somite, tetrasomic, tetrasomy, trisomic, trisomy
somn- sleep Latin somnus insomnia, somnambulist, somnifacient, somniferous, somnific, somniloquy, somnolent
somni- dream Latin somnium somnial
son- sound Latin sonus absonant, ambisonic, assonance, assonant, assonate, consonance, consonant, consonous, dissonance, dissonant, inconsonance, inconsonant, infrasonic, infrasound, magnisonant, resonance, resonant, resonate, resound, sonance, sonant, sonata, sondage, sonnet, sonorant, sonority, sound, subsonic, supersonic, triconsonantal, ultrasonic, ultrasound
soph-[302] wise Greek σοφός (sophós), σοφία (sophía), σόφισμα (sóphisma), σοφισμός (sophismós) antisophism, pansophism, pansophist, pansophy, philosophize, philosophy, sophism, sophist, sophistry, sophisticate, Sophocles, sophomania, sophomaniac, sophomore, sophomoric
soror- sister Latin soror cousin, sororal, sororate, sororicide, sorority
spec-, -spic-, spect- look Latin perspicuus, specere, spectare, speculari aspect, aspectual, auspicate, auspice, auspicious, biaspectual, bispecific, bispecificity, circumspect, circumspection, circumspective, conspecific, conspecificity, conspectus, conspicuous, despection, despicable, despiciency, despise, despite, disrespect, disrespectable, especial, expect, expectancy, expectant, expectation, inauspicious, incircumspect, inconspicuous, infraspecific, inspect, inspection, inspector, inspeximus, interspecies, interspecific, intraspecies, intraspecific, introspection, introspective, irrespective, multispecific, multispecificity, multispectral, nonspecific, perspective, perspicacious, perspicuity, perspicuous, prospect, prospective, prospector, prospectus, prospicience, prospicient, reinspect, respect, respectability, respectable, respectant, respective, respite, retrospection, retrospective, special, speciality, speciation, specie, species, specific, specification, specificity, specimen, speciosity, specious, spectacle, spectacular, spectacularity, spectant, spectation, spectator, spectatorial, spectral, spectre, spectrum, specular, speculate, speculation, speculative, speculator, speculatory, speculum, spice, spite, subspeciality, subspecies, suspect, suspicion, suspicious, transpicuous, trispecific, unispecific
spele- cavern Greek σπέος (spéos), σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) speleogen, speleogenesis, speleology, Speleomantes, speleomorphology, speleoseismite, speleothem, speleotherapy
sperm-[303] seed Greek σπέρμα, σπέρματος (spérma, spérmatos) angiosperm, endosperm, gymnosperm, perisperm, sperm, spermatid, spermatocyte, spermatogenesis, spermatogonium, spermatozoon, stenospermocarpy
spher-[304] ball Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra) aspheric, hemisphere, hypersphere, mesosphere, pseudosphere, sphere, spherics, spheroid, spherometer, spherulite, stratosphere, trimetasphere, troposphere
spir- breathe Latin spirare aspire, conspire, expire, inspire, perspire, respiration, spirit
st- (ΣΤΑ) cause to stand Greek ἵστημι histēmi, histánai, στατικός, στάσις, στατήρ, στήλη acrostatic, actinostele, anastasis, antistatic, apostasy, apostate, astasia, astasis, astatic, astatine, catastasis, chronostasis, diastase, diastasis, diastatic, diasystem, ecstasy, ecstatic, epistasis, episteme, epistemic, epistemology, eustasis, eustatic, eustele, haplostele, homeostasis, homeostatic, hydrostatic, hypostasis, hypostasize, hypostatic, hypostatize, mesostatic, metastasis, metastasize, metastatic, metasystem, orthostates, orthostatic, protostele, stasimon, stasis, stater, static, statoblast, statocyst, statolith, stela, stele, systasis, system, systematic, systematize, systematology, systemic, teleutostatic
st- stand Latin stare "to stand", also causative form statuere "to enact, set", from status "condition, position" antestature, arrest, arrestant, arrestee, bistability, bistable, bistate, circumstance, circumstantial, consist, constable, constabulary, constancy, constant, constitute, consubstantiation, contrast, distance, distant, equidistance, equidistant, establish, estate, extant, inconstancy, inconstant, instability, instance, instant, obstacle, presto, stable, stamen, stamina, stance, stanchion, stanza, state, station, stationary, statistic, statue, status, staunch, stay, substance, substantial, substantiality, substantiate, substantiation, substantive, substate, substation, substitute, superstation, superstition, superstitious, transubstantiate, transubstantiation, tristate
stom- mouth Greek στόμα, στόματος (stóma, stómatos) anastomosis, anastomotic, deuterostome, monostomous, ozostomia, pentastomid, protostome, stoma, stomach, stomatalgia, stomatic, stomatoplasty, -stome
string-, strict- tight, upright, stiff Latin stringere, strictus astringent, constrain, constrict, constringe, restrict, strain, strict, stringent
stru-, struct- to make up, build Latin struere, structus construct, construction, construe, destroy, destruct, instruct, obstruct, structure
sub-, su-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sus- below Latin sub submarine, submerge, suffix, suggest, support
sud- sweat Latin sudare exudate, exude, sudarium, sudoriferous, transudate
sum-, sumpt- take Latin sumere, sumptus assume, assumption, consume, consumption, presumption, subsume
super- above, over Latin super insuperable, soprano, sovereign, summit, superable, superb, supercilious, supercomputer, superficial, superfluous, superimpose, superior, superlative, supermarket, supernal, supernatural, supernova, superposition, superpower, superscript, supersede, supersonic, superstition, supervene, supervise, supreme, supremum, surname, surplus, surround, survive
supra- above, over Latin supra supranationalism
syn-, sy-, syg-, syl-, sym-, sys-[305] with Greek σύν (sún) syllogism, symbol, symmetry, sympathy, synonym, synchronous, system


T

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
tach- swift Greek ταχύς (takhús), τάχος (tákhos) tachometer, tachycardia, tachyrhythmia, tachytelic
tag- (ΤΑΓ)[306] arrange, order Greek τάσσειν (tássein), τακτός (taktós), τακτικός (taktikós), τάξις (táxis), τάγμα (tágma) ataxia, chemotaxis, epitaxis, eutaxy, hypotaxis, magnetotaxis, metasyntactic, parataxis, phonotactic, phonotactics, phototaxis, rheotaxis, syntactic, syntagma, syntagmatic, syntax, tactic, tagma, taxis, taxonomy, thermotaxis
tang-, -ting-, tact-, tag- touch Latin tangere (past participle tactus) attain, contact, contagious, contingent, contingency, contiguous, intact, tactile, tangent, tangible
taur- bull Greek ταῦρος (taûros) Minotaur, taurobolium, taurocholic, tauromachy
taur- bull Latin taurus Taurus
techn- (ΤΕΚ)[307] art, skill Greek τίκτειν (tíktein), τέχνη (tékhnē), τέκτων, τέκτονος (téktōn, téktonos), τεκτονικός (tektonikós) architect, polytechnic, techne, technique, technocracy, technocrat, technogaianism, technology, technophilia, technophobia, tectonic
teg-, tect- cover Latin tegere, tectus contection, detect, detectable, detection, detective, detector, integument, integumentary, obtect, pretectal, pretectum, protect, protection, protective, protector, protectorate, protectory, protectress, protectrix, protégé, protégée, tectrix, tectum, tegmen, tegmental, tegula, tegular, tegument, tile, tog, toga, togate, togavirus, toggery
tele- far, end Greek τῆλε (têle) telegram, telegraph, telemetry, telepathy, telephone, telescope, television
tele- complete Greek τέλος, τέλεος (télos, téleos), τέλεσις (télesis) atelectasis, ateleiosis, atelophobia, teleology, telesis, toll
tem-, tom- [308]
(ΤΕΜ[309])
cut Greek τέμνειν (témnein), τομός (tomós), τόμος (tómos), τομή (tomḗ), τμῆσις (tmêsis) acrotomophilia, anatomy, apotemnophilia, atom, atomic, autotomy, diatom, dichotomous, dichotomy, ectomy, entomology, entomomancy, entomophagous, entomophilous, epitome, monatomic, pentatomic, polyatomic, polytomy, Temnospondyli, tmesis, tome, tomogram, tomography, trichotomous, trichotomy
tempor- time Latin tempus, temporis contemporaneous, contemporary, extemporaneous, tempo, temporal, temporary
ten-, ton- [310]
(ΤΑΝ[311])
stretch Greek τείνειν (teínein), τεινόμενον, τανύειν (tanúein), τετανός (tetanós), τόνος (tónos), τονικός (tonikós), τονή (tonḗ), τάσις (tásis), ταινία anhemitonic, atelectasis, atonic, atritonic, barytone, catatonia, catatoniac, catatonic, decatonic, diatonic, ditone, dodecatonic, dystonia, ectasia, enneatonic, entasia, entasis, epitasis, hemitonia, hemitonic, heptatonic, hexatonic, hyperisotonic, hypertonia, hypertonic, hypotenuse, hypotonia, hypotonic, isotonic, microtone, monotone, monotonic, monotonous, monotony, neoteny, octatonic, oxytone, paroxytone, pentatonic, peritoneum, polytonic, proparoxytone, protasis, pyelectasis, syntonic, tetanolysin, tetanospasmin, tetanus, tetany, tetratonic, tone, tonic, tonoplast, tritonic, tune
ten-, -tin-, tent-, tain-, tinu- hold, keep Latin tenere, tentus abstain, abstention, abstinence, abstinent, appertain, appertinent, appurtenance, appurtenant, contain, containment, content, contentive, contentment, continence, continent, continental, continual, continuance, continuant, continuation, continuative, continue, continuity, continuous, continuum, contratenor, countenance, detain, detainder, detainee, detainer, detainment, detention, detinue, discontent, discontentment, discontinuance, discontinuation, discontinue, discontinuity, discontinuous, entertain, entertainment, equicontinuity, equicontinuous, impertinence, impertinent, incontinence, incontinent, intenible, intercontinental, irretentive, lieutenant, maintain, maintenance, malcontent, obtain, obtainment, obtention, pertain, pertinacious, pertinacity, pertinence, pertinent, purtenance, reobtain, retain, retainer, retainment, retention, retentive, retinue, se-tenant, sustenance, sustentacular, sustentaculum, sustentation, sustention, tenable, tenace, tenacious, tenacity, tenancy, tenant, tenet, tenor, tenure, tenurial, tenuto, transcontinental
tend-, tens- stretch, strain Latin tendere (past participle tensus) ambitendency, attempt, attend, attendee, attent, attention, attentive, coextend, coextension, coextensive, contend, contention, contentious, detent, détente, distend, distension, distent, distention, entendre, entente, extend, extensible, extension, extensional, extensionality, extensive, extensivity, extensor, extent, inattention, inattentive, inextensible, intend, intense, intensification, intension, intensional, intensity, intensive, intent, obtend, obtension, ostensible, ostension, ostensive, ostensory, ostent, ostentation, ostentatious, portend, portension, portent, portentous, pretend, pretense, pretension, subtend, subtense, superintend, superintendency, superintendent, tempt, temptation, tend, tendency, tendential, tendentious, tender, tense, tensible, tensile, tensility, tension, tensure, tent, tentacle, tentacular, tentage, tentation, tentative, tentiginous, tentorium
terr- earth Latin terra inter, subterranean, terrace, terracotta, terrain, terrarium, terrestrial, territory
terti- third Latin tertius tertian, tertiary
tetr- four Greek τέτϝαρες, τέσσαρες, τεσσάρων (téssares, tessárōn) diatessaron, tetragon, tetrahedron, tetralogy, tetrameter, tetraphobia, tetrapod, tetrode
thalass- sea Greek θάλασσα (thálassa) Panthalassa, thalassemia, thalassic, thalassophobia
than- (ΘΑΝ)[312][313] death Greek θνήσκειν, θάνατος (thánatos) euthanasia, thanatocoenosis, thanatoid, thanatology, thanatophobia, thanatophoric, thanatopsis
thaumat- miracle Greek θαυματ (thaumat) thaumatology, thaumaturge, thaumaturgy
the-, thus- god Greek θεός (theós) atheism, atheistic, ditheism, enthusiasm, monotheism, Pantheon, polytheism, Thea, theobromine, theocracy, theodicy, Theodore, theogony, theology, theophobia, Timothy, tritheism
the- (ΘΕ)[314] put Greek τιθέναι (tithénai), θετός (thetós), θετικός (thetikós), θέσις (thésis), θέμα (théma), θήκη (thḗkē) anathema, anathematic, antithesis, antithetic, apothecium, athematic, Bibliotheca, bodega, boutique, deem, doom, enthesis, enthetic, epenthesis, epenthetic, epitheca, epithet, hypothec, hypothesis, monothematic, nomothetic, oligosynthetic, parenthesis, parenthetic, polysynthetic, prosthesis, prosthetic, prothesis, prothetic, pseudothecium, synthesis, synthetic, theca, thecium, thematic, theme, Themis, thesaurus, thesis, treasure
ther- beast, animal Greek θήρ, θηρός (thḗr, thērós) therapsid, therianthropy, theroid, theropod, theropsid
therm- heat, warm Greek θέρεσθαι (théresthai), θέρμη (thérmē), θερμός (thermós) thermal, athermancy, diathermancy, ectotherm, endotherm, endothermic, exothermic, geothermic, homeothermy, hyperthermia, hypothermia, isotherm, poikilotherm, thermobaric, thermochromism, thermodynamic, thermolysis, thermometer, thermophilic, thermophobia, thermoplastic, thermoplegia, thermos, thermosphere, thermostat, thermostatic
thorac- chest Greek θώραξ, θώρακος (thṓrax, thṓrakos) hemothorax, pneumothorax, thoracic, thorax
ting-, tinct- (TING)[315] dye, moisten Latin tingere, tinctus aquatint, distain, mezzotint, tinct, tinctorial, tincture, tinge, tingent, tint
tom- cut Greek τομή (tomḗ), τόμος (tómos) anatomy, appendectomy, atom, dichotomy, ectomy, embolectomy, tome, tonsillectomy, vasectomy
top- [316] place, location Greek τόπος (tópos) atopic, atopy, dystopia, ectopia, ectopic, entopic, epitope, eutopia, isotope, nomotopic, polytope, topiary, topic, topography, topology, toponomastics, toponym, toponymy, topos, utopia, zonotope
tox-[317] arrow, bow, poison Greek τόξον (tóxon) anatoxin, antitoxin, autotoxin, exotoxin, intoxicate, neurotoxin, psychotoxic, toxic, toxin, toxoid, toxology, toxoplasmosis
trah-, tract- draw, pull Latin tractare, frequentative of trahere, tractus abstract, attract, contract, detract, retract, subtract, subtrahend, tractable, traction, tractor
trans-, tra-, tran- across Latin trans intransigent, tradition, transact, transcend, transient, transitory, transparent, transport
trep-, trop-[318] turn Greek τρέπειν (trépein), τρέψις (trépsis), τρόπος, τρόπου (trópos), τροπή, τροπῆς (tropḗ), τροπικός (tropikós) allotrope, anisotropy, Atropos, ectropion, entropic, entropion, entropy, heliotropism, isentropic, isotrope, isotropic, isotropy, pleiotropic, pleiotropy, polytrope, protrepsis, protreptic, psychotropic, treponeme, treponematosis, treponemiasis, trope, tropic, tropism, tropopause, troposphere, trove
treph-, troph-[319] feed, grow Greek τρέφειν (tréphein), τροφός (trophós), τροφή (trophḗ), θρέμμα amyotrophic, atrophy, autotroph, auxotrophy, chemolithoautotroph, dystrophy, hemidystrophy, heterotroph, hypertrophy, lithoautotroph, lithotroph, mixotroph, organotroph, phagotrophy, photoheterotroph, phototroph, phototrophic, phototrophy, pogonotrophy, poliodystrophy, prototrophy, trophectoderm, trophic, trophobiosis, trophobiotic, trophoblast, trophoblastic, trophozoite
tri-[320] three Greek τρεῖς, τρία (tría), τριάς atritonic, triad, triadic, Triassic, tricycle, trigon, triode, tripod, trisyllabic, tritonic
tri- three Latin trēs triangle, triumvirate, trivia
trud-, trus- thrust Latin trudere, trusus abstrude, abstruse, abstrusion, abstrusity, detrude, detrusion, detrusor, extrude, extrusible, extrusion, extrusive, inobtrusive, intrude, intrusion, intrusive, nonintrusive, obtrude, obtrusion, obtrusive, protrude, protrudent, protrusile, protrusion, protrusive, retrude, retruse, retrusion, retrusive
trunc- cut off Latin truncare "to maim, mutilate", from truncus "mutilated, cut off" detruncate, detruncation, entrench, entrenchment, intrench, intrenchment, obtruncate, obtruncation, omnitruncation, retrench, retrenchment, tranche, tranchet, trench, trenchancy, trenchant, truncate, truncation, truncheon, trunk, trunnion
tum- be swollen Latin tumere detumescence, detumescent, intumescence, tumefacient, tumefaction, tumesce, tumescence, tumescent, tumid, tumidity, tumor, tumorous, tumular, tumulose, tumulous, tumult, tumultuary, tumultuous, tumulus
turb- disturb Latin turba disturb, disturbance, nonperturbative, perturb, perturbance, perturbation, perturbative, trouble, troublous, turbid, turbidity, turbinate, turbine, turbulence, turbulent
typ-[321] (ΤΥΠ[322]) stamp, model Greek τύπτειν (túptein), τύπος (túpos), τυπικός (tupikós), τύμπανον (túmpanon) allotype, archetype, ecotype, ectype, epitype, ergatotype, heterotype, heterotypic, holotype, homeotypic, homotype, homotypic, isosyntype, isotype, lectotype, logotype, monotypic, neotype, paralectotype, paratype, phenotype, prototype, schizotypic, syntype, type, typography, typology


U

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
ultim- farthest Latin ultimus ultimate, ultimatum
ultra- beyond Latin ultra ultrasonic
umbilic- navel Latin umbilicus umbilical, umbilicate, umbilication
umbr- shade, shadow Latin umbra adumbral, adumbrant, adumbrate, adumbration, adumbrative, antumbra, inumbrate, obumbrant, obumbrate, obumbration, penumbra, penumbral, somber, sombrero, subumbellate, umbel, umbellate, umbelliferous, umbelliform, umbellulate, umbellule, umber, umbra, umbraculum, umbrage, umbrageous, umbral, umbrella, umbriferous, umbrose
un- one Latin ūnus, unius adunation, biunique, coadunate, coadunation, disunite, disunity, malunion, nonuniform, nonuniformity, nonunion, nonunique, nonunity, onion, reunification, reunion, reunite, triune, unanimous, unary, unate, unicorn, unific, unification, uniform, uniformity, unify, union, unique, unite, unity, universal, universe, university
ur-[323] urine Greek οὐρεῖν (oureîn), οὖρον, οὔρου (oûron, oúrou), οὔρησις (oúrēsis), οὐρητήρ (ourētḗr), οὐρήθρα (ourḗthra) antidiuretic, cystinuria, diuresis, diuretic, dysuria, enuresis, homocystinuria, lithuresis, polyurea, polyuria, strangury, uraemia/uremia, urea, uremic, uresiesthesia, uresis, ureter, ureteroscopy, urethra, urology
uran-[324] heaven, sky Greek οὐρανός, οὐρανοῦ (ouranós, ouranoû), οὐρανόθεν (ouranóthen) uraninite, uranium, uranography, uranology, uranometry, uranophobia, Uranus
urb- city Latin urbs, urbis conurbation, exurb, exurban, interurban, inurbane, inurbanity, nonurban, suburb, suburban, suburbanite, urban, urbane, urbanity
urg- work Greek
ut-, us- use Latin uti, usus abuse, disuse, use, usual, utilitarian, utility


V

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
vac- empty Latin vacare evacuate, vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation, vacuous, vacuum
val- strength, worth Latin valere ambivalence, avail, equivalent, evaluate, prevail, valence, valiant, valid, valor, value
van- empty, vain, idle Latin vanus "empty", also vanescere "vanish" evanescent, vain, vanish, vanity
vap- steam Latin vapor evaporate, evaporation, evaporative, evaporator, evaporite, nonevaporative, vapid, vapidity, vapor, vaporescence, vaporescent, vaporific, vaporous
vari- vary Latin variare bivariate, covariate, covariation, intervarietal, invariable, invariance, invariant, variable, variance, variant, variate, variation, variegate, varietal, variety, variola, variolation, variorum, various, vary
veh-, vect- carry Latin vehere "to carry", vectus invective, inveigh, vector, vehement, vehicle
ven- vein Latin vena intravenous, venosity, venule
ven- poison Latin vena antivenomous, veneniferous, venom
ven-, vent- come Latin venire advent, adventure, avenue, circumvent, contravene, convene, convenient, convention, event, intervene, intervention, invent, prevent, revenue, souvenir, supervene, venue, venture
ver- true Latin verus aver, veracious, verdict, verify, verisimilar, verisimilitude, verity, very
verb- word Latin verbum verbal, verbatim, verbosity
vers-, vert- turn Latin versus, past participle of vertere adverse, adversity, advertise, anniversary, avert, controversy, controvert, conversant, conversation, converse, convert, diversify, divert, extrovert, introvert, inverse, invert, perverse, pervert, reverse, revert, subvert, tergiversate, transverse, universe, versatile, verse, version, versus, vertebra, vertex, vertical, vertigo
vest- clothing, garment Latin vestire "to clothe", related to vestis "garment" divest, invest, investiture, transvestite, travesty, vest, vestment
vi- way Latin via deviate, obviate, obvious, via
vid-, vis- see Latin videre, visus advice, advisable, advise, advisement, advisor, advisory, clairvoyance, clairvoyant, counterview, enviable, envious, envisage, envisagement, envision, envy, evidence, evident, evidential, evidentiality, evidentiary, improvidence, improvident, improvisation, improvisational, improvise, imprudence, imprudent, inadvisable, inevident, interview, interviewee, invidious, invisibility, invisible, nonevidentiary, nonsupervisory, nonvisual, preview, previse, provide, providence, provident, provision, provisional, provisionality, proviso, provisory, prudence, prudent, prudential, purvey, purveyance, purveyor, purview, review, reviewal, revisal, revise, revision, revisionary, revisit, supervise, supervision, supervisor, supervisory, survey, surveyor, surview, survise, videlicet, video, view, vis-à-vis, visa, visage, visibility, visible, vision, visionary, visit, visitation, visor, vista, visual, visuality, voilà, voyeur
vin- wine Latin vinum vigneron, vignette, vinaceous, vinaigrette, vine, vineal, vinegar, viniculture, vinosity, vinous
vinc-, vict- conquer Latin vincere (past participle victus) convict, conviction, convince, evict, evince, invincible, province, vanquish, vanquishment, victor, victorious, victory
vir- man Latin vir decemvir, decemvirate, duumvirate, quadrumvirate, septemvir, septemvirate, triumvir, triumvirate, vigintivirate, virago, virile, virilescence, virility, virilocal, virilocality, virtual, virtuality, virtue, virtuosity, virtuoso, virtuous
vit- life Latin vita vital, vitality, vitamin
vitr- glass Latin vitrum vitreous, vitriol
viv- live Latin vivere "to live", related to vita "life" convivial, revive, survive, viable, victual, vivacious, vivacity, vivid, vivisection
voc- call, voice Latin vocare (to call), from vox "voice" (genitive vocis) advocacy, advocate, advocation, advocator, advocatory, advoke, advowson, avocation, avouch, avow, avowal, avowry, convocate, convocation, convocator, convoke, disavow, disavowal, equivocal, equivocate, equivocation, evocable, evocation, evocative, evocator, evoke, invocable, invocate, invocation, invocative, invocator, invoke, prevocational, provocate, provocateur, provocation, provocative, provocator, provoke, reavow, reinvoke, revocable, revocation, revoke, vocabulary, vocal, vocation, vocational, vocative, vociferous, voice, vouch, vouchee, voucher, vouchsafe
vol- fly Latin volare avolation, circumvolant, circumvolation, nonvolatile, volatile, volatility, volitant, volitation
vol- will Latin voluntas "will" from velle "to wish" benevolence, benevolent, involuntary, malevolence, malevolent, omnibenevolence, velleity, volitient, volition, volitional, volitive, voluntary, Voluntaryism, volunteer, voluptuary, voluptuous
volv-, volut- roll Latin volvere, volutus advolution, archivolt, circumvolute, circumvolution, circumvolve, coevolution, coevolutionary, coevolve, convolute, convolution, devolve, evolve, involve, revolve, valve, vault, volte, voluble, volume, voluminous, volva, Volvox, volvulus, voussoir, vulva
vulg- crowd Latin vulgus divulge, vulgarity, vulgate


X

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
xanth-[325] yellow Greek ξανθός (xanthós), ξανθότης (xanthótēs) "yellowness" axanthism, heteroxanthine, xanthan, xanthelasma, xanthic, xanthine, Xanthippe, xanthium, xanthochromia, xanthochromism, xanthogenic, Xanthoidea, xanthoma, xanthomatosis, xanthophobia, xanthophore, xanthophyll, xanthopsia, xanthopterin, xanthosis, xanthous
xen-[326] foreign Greek ξένϝος, ξένος (xénos), ξενικός, ξενία (xenía) axenic, Xenarthra, xenia, xenic, xenobiotic, xenoblast, xenogamy, xenograft, xenolith, xenology, xenon, xenophobia
xer-[327] dry Greek ξηρός (xērós), ξηρότης (xērótēs) elixir, xerasia, xerochilia, xeroderma, xerography, xeromorph, xerophagy, xerophile, xerophthalmia, xerophyte, xerosis
xyl-[328] wood Greek ξύλον (xúlon) metaxylem, protoxylem, xylem, xylene, xylitol, xylocarp, Xylocarpus, xyloid, xylophagous, xylophobia, xylophone, xylostroma


Z

[edit]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples
zo-[329] animal, living being Greek ζῶ, ζῷον (zôion) anthrozoology, azoic, azotemia, cryptozoology, ectozoon, entozoon, epizoon, Eumetazoa, Mesozoic, Metazoa, protozoa, zoanthropy, zodiac, zoic, zoo, zoochore, zoogamete, zoogeography, zooid/zoöid, zoologic, zoology, zoomorphism, zoon, zoonosis, zoophagy, zoopoetics, zoospore, zootoxin, zooxanthella
zyg-[330] (ΖΥΓ)[331] yoke Greek ζευγνύναι (zeugnúnai), ζεῦγμα (zeûgma), ζυγωτός (zugōtós), ζυγός, ζυγόν (zugón) azygous, diazeugma, dizygotic, heterozygote, heterozygous, hyperzeuxis, hypozeugma, hypozeuxis, mesozeugma, monozygotic, prozeugma, synezeugmenon, zeugitae, zeugma, zygoma, zygomorphic, zygomorphism, zygomycosis, zygomycota, zygon, Zygoptera, zygote
zym-[332] ferment Greek ζέω, ζύμη (zúmē) alloenzyme, azyme, azymite, enzyme, lysozyme, microzyme, zymase, zyme, zymogen, zymology, zymolysis, zymosis, zymotic, zymurgy
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  70. ^ ăb, ā. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  71. ^ ad. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  72. ^ ἀήρ in Liddell and Scott
  73. ^ ἄγω in Liddell and Scott
  74. ^ ἀγρός in Liddell and Scott
  75. ^ ἄλγος in Liddell and Scott
  76. ^ ἄλλος in Liddell and Scott
  77. ^ ἀλλήλων in Liddell and Scott
  78. ^ ἀμφί in Liddell and Scott
  79. ^ ἀμυγδάλη in Liddell and Scott
  80. ^ ἀνά in Liddell and Scott
  81. ^ ἀνήρ in Liddell and Scott
  82. ^ ἄνεμος in Liddell and Scott
  83. ^ ἀντί in Liddell and Scott
  84. ^ antĕ. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  85. ^ ἀνθέω in Liddell and Scott
  86. ^ ἀπό in Liddell and Scott
  87. ^ αὐτός in Liddell and Scott
  88. ^ αὔξω in Liddell and Scott
  89. ^ βαίνω in Liddell and Scott
  90. ^ βαίνω in Middle Liddell and Scott
  91. ^ βάλλω in Middle Liddell and Scott
  92. ^ βαρύς in Liddell and Scott
  93. ^ βίβλος in Liddell and Scott
  94. ^ βιόω in Liddell and Scott
  95. ^ βλαστάνω in Liddell and Scott
  96. ^ βραχύς in Liddell and Scott
  97. ^ βραδύς in Liddell and Scott
  98. ^ βρόγχος in Liddell and Scott
  99. ^ κακός in Liddell and Scott
  100. ^ καλύπτω in Liddell and Scott
  101. ^ καρδία in Liddell and Scott
  102. ^ καρπός in Liddell and Scott
  103. ^ καθαρός in Liddell and Scott
  104. ^ χείρ in Liddell and Scott
  105. ^ χλωρός in Liddell and Scott
  106. ^ χρόνος in Liddell and Scott
  107. ^ χρυσός in Liddell and Scott
  108. ^ cum. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
    "In compounds com- was unchanged before b, p, m, and in comes and its derivatives; m was usu. assimilated before r, sometimes before l, but was usu. dropped before n; before other consonants m became n, but conicio was written for coniicio. Before a vowel (or h) m was dropped."
  109. ^ κῶνος in Liddell and Scott
  110. ^ κόπρος in Liddell and Scott
  111. ^ κόσμος in Liddell and Scott
  112. ^ κρανίον in Liddell and Scott
  113. ^ κρίνω in Liddell and Scott
  114. ^ κρύπτω in Liddell and Scott
  115. ^ κυανός in Liddell and Scott
  116. ^ κύκλος in Liddell and Scott
  117. ^ κύστις in Liddell and Scott
  118. ^ κύτος in Liddell and Scott
  119. ^ δάκτυλος in Liddell and Scott
  120. ^ δέκα in Liddell and Scott
  121. ^ δῆμος in Liddell and Scott
  122. ^ δένδρον in Liddell and Scott
  123. ^ δέρω in Liddell and Scott
  124. ^ διά in Liddell and Scott
  125. ^ διπλόος in Liddell and Scott
  126. ^ δίδωμι in Liddell and Scott
  127. ^ δίδωμι in Middle Liddell and Scott
  128. ^ δύναμαι in Liddell and Scott
  129. ^ ἐκ in Liddell and Scott
  130. ^ ἐκτός in Liddell and Scott
  131. ^ ἐγώ in Liddell and Scott
  132. ^ ἤλεκτρον in Liddell and Scott
  133. ^ ἐν in Liddell and Scott
  134. ^ ἔνδον in Liddell and Scott
  135. ^ ἐπί in Liddell and Scott
  136. ^ ἔργον in Liddell and Scott
  137. ^ ἔρως in Liddell and Scott
  138. ^ ἐρυθρός in Liddell and Scott
  139. ^ ἔσω in Liddell and Scott
  140. ^ ἔθνος in Liddell and Scott
  141. ^ εὖ in Liddell and Scott
  142. ^ ἔξω in Liddell and Scott
  143. ^ for. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  144. ^ faciō. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  145. ^ fingō. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  146. ^ flō. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  147. ^ γάλα in Liddell and Scott
  148. ^ γάλα in Middle Liddell and Scott
  149. ^ γάμος in Liddell and Scott
  150. ^ γαστήρ in Liddell and Scott
  151. ^ γῆ in Liddell and Scott
  152. ^ γίγνομαι in Liddell and Scott
  153. ^ γίγνομαι in Middle Liddell and Scott
  154. ^ gīgnō. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  155. ^ gerō. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  156. ^ γλῶσσα in Liddell and Scott
  157. ^ γλυκύς in Liddell and Scott
  158. ^ γλύφω in Liddell and Scott
  159. ^ γνάθος in Liddell and Scott
  160. ^ γιγνώσκω in Liddell and Scott
  161. ^ γιγνώσκω in Middle Liddell and Scott
  162. ^ γόνυ in Liddell and Scott
  163. ^ gradus. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  164. ^ γράφω in Liddell and Scott
  165. ^ γυμνός in Liddell and Scott
  166. ^ γυνή in Liddell and Scott
  167. ^ γῦρος in Liddell and Scott
  168. ^ αἷμα in Liddell and Scott
  169. ^ ἅλς in Liddell and Scott
  170. ^ ἁπλόος in Liddell and Scott
  171. ^ ἡγέομαι in Liddell and Scott
  172. ^ ἥλιος in Liddell and Scott
  173. ^ ἑλίσσω in Liddell and Scott
  174. ^ Ἑλλάς in Liddell and Scott
  175. ^ ἧπαρ in Liddell and Scott
  176. ^ ἑπτά in Liddell and Scott
  177. ^ ἕτερος in Liddell and Scott
  178. ^ ἕξ in Liddell and Scott
  179. ^ ἱερός in Liddell and Scott
  180. ^ ἵππος in Liddell and Scott
  181. ^ ὁδός in Liddell and Scott
  182. ^ ὅλος in Liddell and Scott
  183. ^ ὁμός in Liddell and Scott
  184. ^ ὅμοιος in Liddell and Scott
  185. ^ ὥρα in Liddell and Scott
  186. ^ ὕδωρ in Liddell and Scott
  187. ^ ὑγιής in Liddell and Scott
  188. ^ ὑπό in Liddell and Scott
  189. ^ ὑπέρ in Liddell and Scott
  190. ^ ὕπνος in Liddell and Scott
  191. ^ ὑστέρα in Liddell and Scott
  192. ^ ἰάομαι in Liddell and Scott
  193. ^ ἰχθύς in Liddell and Scott
  194. ^ ἴδιος in Liddell and Scott
  195. ^ ἴσος in Liddell and Scott
  196. ^ λαμβάνω in Liddell and Scott
  197. ^ λέγω in Liddell and Scott
  198. ^ λευκός in Liddell and Scott
  199. ^ λίπος in Liddell and Scott
  200. ^ λίθος in Liddell and Scott
  201. ^ λύω in Liddell and Scott
  202. ^ μαίνομαι in Liddell and Scott
  203. ^ μαίνομαι in Middle Liddell and Scott
  204. ^ maneō. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  205. ^ μῆχος in Liddell and Scott
  206. ^ μέγας in Liddell and Scott
  207. ^ μέλας in Liddell and Scott
  208. ^ μείρομαι in Liddell and Scott
  209. ^ μέσος in Liddell and Scott
  210. ^ μετά in Liddell and Scott
  211. ^ μέταλλον in Liddell and Scott
  212. ^ μήτηρ in Liddell and Scott
  213. ^ μικρός in Liddell and Scott
  214. ^ μισέω in Liddell and Scott
  215. ^ mittō. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  216. ^ μνάομαι in Liddell and Scott
  217. ^ μόνος in Liddell and Scott
  218. ^ μορφή in Liddell and Scott
  219. ^ μύκης in Liddell and Scott
  220. ^ μῦθος in Liddell and Scott
  221. ^ ναρκάω in Liddell and Scott
  222. ^ ναῦς in Liddell and Scott
  223. ^ νέος in Liddell and Scott
  224. ^ νεκρός in Liddell and Scott
  225. ^ νέμω in Liddell and Scott
  226. ^ νεφρός in Liddell and Scott
  227. ^ νῆσος in Liddell and Scott
  228. ^ νεῦρον in Liddell and Scott
  229. ^ ŏb. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  230. ^ ὀκτώ in Liddell and Scott
  231. ^ ὀδούς in Liddell and Scott
  232. ^ οἶκος in Liddell and Scott
  233. ^ οἶνος in Liddell and Scott
  234. ^ ὀλίγος in Liddell and Scott
  235. ^ ὄνειρος in Liddell and Scott
  236. ^ ὄνομα in Liddell and Scott
  237. ^ ὄνυμα in Liddell and Scott
  238. ^ ᾠόν in Liddell and Scott
  239. ^ ὄφις in Liddell and Scott
  240. ^ ὀφθαλμός in Liddell and Scott
  241. ^ ὄπισθεν in Liddell and Scott
  242. ^ ὄρος in Liddell and Scott
  243. ^ ὄρνις in Liddell and Scott
  244. ^ ὀρθός in Liddell and Scott
  245. ^ ὀσμή in Liddell and Scott
  246. ^ ὀστέον in Liddell and Scott
  247. ^ οὖς in Liddell and Scott
  248. ^ ὀξύς in Liddell and Scott
  249. ^ παχύς in Liddell and Scott
  250. ^ παῖς in Liddell and Scott
  251. ^ παλαιός in Liddell and Scott
  252. ^ πάλιν in Liddell and Scott
  253. ^ πᾶς in Liddell and Scott
  254. ^ παρά in Liddell and Scott
  255. ^ πάσχω in Liddell and Scott
  256. ^ πατήρ in Liddell and Scott
  257. ^ πέλαγος in Liddell and Scott
  258. ^ πέντε in Liddell and Scott
  259. ^ περί in Liddell and Scott
  260. ^ πέτρα in Liddell and Scott
  261. ^ φάρμακον in Liddell and Scott
  262. ^ φαίνω in Liddell and Scott
  263. ^ φέβομαι in Liddell and Scott
  264. ^ φέρω in Liddell and Scott
  265. ^ φίλος in Liddell and Scott
  266. ^ φλέψ in Liddell and Scott
  267. ^ φλέγω in Liddell and Scott
  268. ^ φωνή in Liddell and Scott
  269. ^ φρήν in Liddell and Scott
  270. ^ φθέγγομαι in Liddell and Scott
  271. ^ φύλλον in Liddell and Scott
  272. ^ πλατύς in Liddell and Scott
  273. ^ πίμπλημι in Liddell and Scott
  274. ^ πλευρά in Liddell and Scott
  275. ^ πνέω in Liddell and Scott
  276. ^ πούς in Liddell and Scott
  277. ^ πολεμέω in Liddell and Scott
  278. ^ πόλις in Liddell and Scott
  279. ^ πολύς in Liddell and Scott
  280. ^ πορφύρα in Liddell and Scott
  281. ^ ποταμός in Liddell and Scott
  282. ^ πράσσω in Liddell and Scott
  283. ^ πρό in Liddell and Scott
  284. ^ πρωκτός in Liddell and Scott
  285. ^ πρός in Liddell and Scott
  286. ^ πρόσωπον in Liddell and Scott
  287. ^ πρῶτος in Liddell and Scott
  288. ^ ψεῦδος in Liddell and Scott
  289. ^ ψύχω in Liddell and Scott
  290. ^ πτερόν in Liddell and Scott
  291. ^ πύρ in Liddell and Scott
  292. ^ ῥέω in Liddell and Scott
  293. ^ ῥίς in Liddell and Scott
  294. ^ ῥίζα in Liddell and Scott
  295. ^ σάκχαρ in Liddell and Scott
  296. ^ σάρξ in Liddell and Scott
  297. ^ σχίζω in Liddell and Scott
  298. ^ σχίζω in Middle Liddell and Scott
  299. ^ σκέλλω in Liddell and Scott
  300. ^ σήψ in Liddell and Scott
  301. ^ σῶμα in Liddell and Scott
  302. ^ σοφός in Liddell and Scott
  303. ^ σπέρμα in Liddell and Scott
  304. ^ σφαῖρα in Liddell and Scott
  305. ^ σύν in Liddell and Scott
  306. ^ τάσσω in Middle Liddell and Scott
  307. ^ τίκτω in Middle Liddell and Scott
  308. ^ τέμνω in Liddell and Scott
  309. ^ τέμνω in Middle Liddell and Scott
  310. ^ τείνω in Liddell and Scott
  311. ^ "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, τείνω". Retrieved 2014-10-29.
  312. ^ θνήσκω in Liddell and Scott
  313. ^ θνήσκω in Middle Liddell and Scott
  314. ^ τίθημι in Middle Liddell and Scott
  315. ^ tingō. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  316. ^ τόπος in Liddell and Scott
  317. ^ τόξον in Liddell and Scott
  318. ^ τρέπω in Liddell and Scott
  319. ^ τρέφω in Liddell and Scott
  320. ^ τρεῖς in Liddell and Scott
  321. ^ τύπτω in Liddell and Scott
  322. ^ τύπτω in Middle Liddell and Scott
  323. ^ οὐρέω in Liddell and Scott
  324. ^ οὐρανός in Liddell and Scott
  325. ^ ξανθός in Liddell and Scott
  326. ^ ξένος in Liddell and Scott
  327. ^ ξηρός in Liddell and Scott
  328. ^ ξύλον in Liddell and Scott
  329. ^ ζῶ in Liddell and Scott
  330. ^ ζεύγνυμι in Liddell and Scott
  331. ^ ζεύγνυμι in Middle Liddell and Scott
  332. ^ ζέω in Liddell and Scott


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