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American cliff swallows nest in colonies ranging from a few breeding pairs to thousands of birds, depending on the area and year. The number of breeding pairs in an area generally increases with temperature, though larger colonies are more likely to suffer from parasites and intraspecific competition [1]


  1. ^ Brown, Charles R.; Brown, Mary Bomberger; Roche, Erin A. (2013-11-01). "Spatial and temporal unpredictability of colony size in Cliff Swallows across 30 years". Ecological Monographs. 83 (4): 511–530. doi:10.1890/12-2001.1. ISSN 1557-7015.