User:Andrew Dalby/Julian's Persian expedition

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 In progress

Investiture of King Shapur II by the gods Mithras (left) and Ahuramazda (right); the body of Julian is trampled underfoot. Reliefs at Taq-i Bustan
Map showing Julian's journey from Constantinople to his death near Samarra

Julian's Persian expedition was the last undertaking of the Roman emperor Julian, begun in March 363. It was an aggressive war against the Persian Empire ruled by the Sassanian king Shapur II. Shapur is believed to have expected an invasion by way of the Tigris valley. Julian instead advanced rapidly down the Euphrates valley and reached the walls of the Persian capital Ctesiphon where he met and defeated the Persian army at the Battle of Ctesiphon (363). Unable to take the city, and with an apparently uncertain plan of campaign thereafter, he eventually retreated north towards Samarra where he was fatally injured in a skirmish, dying on 26 June 363. The leaderless Roman army chose Jovian as Julian's successor. The new emperor, compelled to negotiate a retreat, made an agreement with Shapur that transferred to Persian rule the Roman cities of Nisibis and Singara.

Bibliography[edit]

  • R. Andreotti, "L'impresa di Iuliano in Oriente" in Historia vol. 4 (1930) pp. 236-273
  • Timothy D. Barnes, Ammianus Marcellinus and the Representation of Historical Reality (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8014-3526-9) pp. 164-165
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  • Franz Cumont, "La marche de l'empereur Julien d'Antioche à l'Euphrate" in F. Cumont, Etudes syriennes (Paris: Picard, 1917) pp. 1-33 Text at archive.org
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  • F. Paschoud, ed., Zosime: Histoire nouvelle. Vol. 2 pars 1. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1979 (Collection Budé)
  • David S. Potter, The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180-395 (London: Routledge, 2004. ISBN 9780415100571) pp. 518 et 720 Preview at Google Books
  • R. T. Ridley, "Notes on Julian's Persian Expedition (363)" in Historia vol. 22 (1973) pp. 317-330 esp. p. 326
  • Gerhard Wirth, "Julians Perserkrieg. Kriterien einer Katastrophe" in Richard Klein, ed., Julian Apostata (Darmstadt, 1978) p. 455 ff.

See also[edit]

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