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Sources written by historians[edit]

  • Oliver Jens Schmitt (2012). Die Albaner: eine Geschichte zwischen Orient und Okzident. C.H.Beck. p. 55. ISBN 978-3-406-63031-6. Retrieved 19 June 2013. ... in seiner Gefolgschaft fanden sich neben Albanern auch Slawen, Griechen und Vlachen.
  • Schmitt, Oliver Jens (2009), Skanderbeg. Der neue Alexander auf dem Balkan (PDF), Verlag Friedrich Pustet, ISBN 978-3-7917-2229-0, The military commanders, leaders and simple soldiers, i.e. the whole army fighting against Scanderbeg, consisted of local Albanians, Bulgarians, Serbs and Vlachs. There were also Turkish Muslims in the Ottoman forces who owned timar lands. On the whole, it is evident that the rebels were not opposed by "foreign" invaders, but by local forces loyal to the new empire who were willing to fight members of their own ethnic groups longing for pre-Ottoman times
  • Zhelyazkova, Antonina (2000). "Albania and Albanian Identities". International Center for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations. Archived from the original (html) on January 10, 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2011. Another portion of the north Albanian lands was included in the sancak of Debar, namely Kruja, Debar and the areas lying between the rivers of Mat and Black Drin. The bulky register of this sancak is another confirmation of the limited scope of the Ottoman colonisation in Northern Albania. The lack of Ottoman administrative officials in the sancak of Debar, as well as the low density of the Christian population in the villages during the second half of the 15th century resulted from the long-lasting resistance of the native people, taking into consideration that this province was the centre of the insurrectionary campaigns of the Albanian and Slav population against the conquerors..... According to the first timar registers for this territory from 1467, its sparse population was Christian only. It comprised motley groups of Albanians, Slavs, and Wallachians.
  • Hrabak, Bogumil (1990), "Širenje arbanaških stočara po ravnicama i slovenski ratari srednjovekovne Albanije", Stanovništvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji : zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naučnog skupa održanog u Cetinju 21, 22. i 23. juna 1990 (in Serbian), Titograd: Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore ; Stručna knj., OCLC 29549273, Arbanaški Sloveni su učestvovali u herojskoj borbi Skenderbega (sina Vojislave). Niz njegovih zapovednika nosi slovenska imena a najžešće borbe vođene su oko Svetigrada i Trebeništa, u zoni sa pretežnim slovenskim življem.[115] Spiridon Gopčević je ravnodušnost Arbanasa Epira i drugih južnih oblasti preterano objašnjavao time što su Srbi a ne Arbanasi bili borci u "24 Skenderbegove bitke".[116] Stoji, međutim, činjenica, da su Arbanasi sve do kraja XVI veka pružali otpor Osmanlijama (pomešani sa Slovenima) i da su se pasivizirali ne samo prevođenjem na islam nego i deportacijama izvan arbanaškog etničkog prostora. {{citation}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  • Babinger, Franz (1992), Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time, Princeton University Press, p. 60, ISBN 9780691010786, ... including many Slavs, Italians, Frenchmen and Germans.
  • Setton, Kenneth M. (1976), The papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, American Philosophical Society, p. 101, ISBN 9780871691279, ... among whom were Slavs, Germans, Italians and others
  • Slijepčević, Đoko (1974), Srpsko-arbanaški odnosi kroz vekove sa posebnim osvrtom na novije vreme (Српско-арбанашки односи кроз векове са посебним освртом на новије време (Serbian-Albanian relationship over the centuries, especially referring to the recent time)) (in Srpski), Minhen, p. 49, OCLC 3307146, Рукопис казује да је Скендербег побегао са три стотине Срба, а када је умро били су на сахрани "сви кнежеви српски и остала околна господа и властела". (Manuscript says that Skanderbeg deserted with three hundred Serbs, and when he died all Serbian princes and other neighbouring nobility attended the funeral.) {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  • M. Bešić, Zarij (1970), Istorija Crne Gore / 2. Crna gora u doba oblasnih gospodara. (in Serbian), Titograd: Redakcija za istoiju Crne Gore, p. 138, OCLC 175122851, Треба осим тога узети у обзир да је словенски, арбанаски, роммгеки ивлашки елеменат измијешано живио и по градовима (Романи и СловениЈРомани, Словени и Арбанаси) и у шиховом залеђу (Словени и Арбанаси, апрема данашњој Херцеговини у све већем броју Власи). На јаки словенскислој у Скадру и око њега надовезивао се по горњозетским брдима и равницамапојас арбанаског живља, спорадично расијаног и по даљим предјелима. Безикаквих етничких или националвих предрасуда, једни поред других (истокао и у области Ивана Кастриота), {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - not directly supporting multi-ethnic composition of Skanderbeg's forces but multi-ethnic population of the domain of Gjon Kastrioti
  • Vukićević, Milenko M. (1904), Istorija srpskoga naroda za srednje škole, vol. 1, Dositej Obradović, p. 290, Балабан погибе под Кројом пред долазак Скендербегов (убио га Србин Ђорђе Алексић). (Balaban was killed under Kroja, before Skanderbeg's arrival (killed by Serb Đorđe Aleksić)). {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Gopčević, Spiridon (1890), Stara Srbija i Makedonija, Translation of Makedonien und Alt-Serbien (in Serbian), vol. 1, Belgrade: Parna štamparija D. Dimitrijevića, p. 208, ISBN 9788679351135, OCLC 318606459, Скоро пола столећа после пропасти српског царства беше српска народна свест у Горњих Арбанаса још толико јака, да их је Србин Скендербег могао око себе скупити и безусловно покорити. Скендербегови ратни другови не беху Шкипетари, него Срби. .... Almost half of the century after Serbian Empire collapsed in Upper Albanians still had such strong Serbian national conciousness that Serb Skanderbeg could easily gather them around himself and unconditionally submit them. Skanderbeg's war comrades were not Albanians, they were Serbs. {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Jireček, Konstantin (1876), Geschichte der Bulgaren (in German), Prague: F. Tempsky, p. 368, ISBN 9783487064086, OCLC 6852254, Seine Kriege begann er nach einem Reichstage slawischer und albanesischer Boljaren zu Alessio mit einem Siege über die Türken in der Dibra (1444); doch fuhr er fort dem Sultan einen jährlichen Tribut von 6000 Dukaten entrichten. {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Kukuljević Sakcinski, Ivan (1857), Izvjestje o putovanju kroz Dalmaciju u Napulj i Rim (in Croatian), Zagreb: Narodna tiskarnice Ljudevita Gaja, p. 45, OCLC 32215420, Tu je godine 1460 slavni Skenderbeg Kastriotić s vojskom slavensko-arbanskom od težke obsade oslobodio svoga prijatelja Ferdinanda kralja napuljskoga. {{citation}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  • Царственик на Христаки Павлович 1844 прибавя към тези подвизи още Георги изгонил всички турци от Сърбия а след това пленил самия Скендербег После албанският владетел с помощта на български и черногорски воини избавил отечеството си

Other sources[edit]

  • Barletius, Marinus (1508), Historia de vita et gestis Scanderbegi Epirotarum Principis (in Latin), Bernardinus de Vitalibus, p. 122, OCLC 645065473, Superior Dibra montuosa est et aspera, ferax tarnen et Macedoniam tum ipsa loci vicinitate, tum similitudine morum contingens. Bulgari sive Tribali habitant, ferox in armis gens et non minus Scanderbego multis praeclarae virtutis fidelque meritis grata. Propior tamen externis quam Epiroticis moribus et adhorens multo ab Albano cultu, Graecanico ritu victitabant et plerasque eorum superstitiones sequebatur. (Upper Debar is a land of hills and rough ground, but fertile. There are many proximities with Macedonia both for being close to it and for resemblance of customs of people. It is inhabitet by Bulgarians or Triballi, tribe that has merciless arms, but very dear to Skanderbeg because in many cases it proved its bravery and loyalty to him. Though, customs of this tribe were more like alien customs than Epirot. There are many differences in religion compared to Albanians, due to fact they belong to Greek religion, having many of its superstitions.)
  • Muir MacKenzie, Georgina Mary (1868) [1866], Putovanje po slovenskim zemljama Turske u Evropi (Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-In-Europe (Vols. I and II)) (in Serbian), p. 402, Иван Црнојевић.. Он је био у блиској свези с албанским кнезом Ђурђем Кастриотићем, који је био познат под турским именом Скандербег, па је учествовао у већини оних бојева у којима је јунак побијао Турке. (He was nearly allied to tie Albanian prince, George Castriote, better known by his Turkish name Scanderbeg, and shared in most of the victories in which... It is curious to remark how in this Serbo-Albanian region, the fiercest Mussulman Arnaout families proudly insist on their Serbian lineage, while their most honourable traditions - the traditions woven round the great name of Scanderbeg - celebrate a heroic resistance to the Turk and alliance and kingship with the Serb. {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • The Slavonic and East European Review, 1997, Another myth to be demolished is that Skanderbeg led a force of dedicated Albanians into battle against the Turks. Bartl notes that Skanderbeg's forces were a collection of Slavs and Albanians. {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • По господину Рубертнеу, вели госп. Асколи ондје, први Срби — или како их онамо обично зову Schiavoni или Dalmati — дошли су у Молизе заедно с Арбанасима (Албанези) што их је онамо довео Скендербег. - Glasnik Srpskoga učenog društva ..., Volume 62, year 1885
  • Mihajlović, Miodrag (1998), "La cara Serbia, antica nostra patria": srpska naselja na jugu Italije, NIP "Glas", Po najstarijim zapisima, Srbi iz Crne Gore, srpske Dalmacije i ostalih srpskih zemalja, su posle Kosovske bitke u DžIV veku, pobegli su sa nešto Arbanasa, predvođeni Skenderbegom i naselili se u pokrajinu Molize, u Južnoj Italiji, tačno naspram, kako piše u starim knjigama, "našeg srpskog Dubrovnika".... According to the oldest scripts, Serbs from Montenegro, Serbian Dalmatia and other Serbian lands after Kosovo Battle which was in 14th century, fled together with some Albanians, and led by Skanderbeg settled in district Molise in Southern Italia, right across, as it was written in the old scripts, "our Serbian Dubrovnik". {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Gjuro Deželić, ed. (1867), Dragoljub (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: Štamparna Dragutina Albrechta, p. 238, Volpe ima i ovo: "Povjest nam još u 14. stoljeću ništa izvjestna ne povieda o biegu arbanaskih Slavjana. Giustiniani nam pripovieda, da su po sedam puta Slavjani u Materu se priselili. Ma možemo uzeti za vjerovnije samo tri. I to prvi puta za Alfonsa Aragonskoga ovakvom zgodom. Turci sveudilj nasrtali na Epir, na zemlju vojvode Jurja Kastriotića Skenderbega. Jure u stisci prizva u pomoć Alfonsa. Alfons mu preko jadranskog mora pohrli u pomoć, združi se s njim, ogledaše se s Turčinom, pobiše ga i sebe spasiše. Arbanasi Skenderbegovi ganuti stoga što je ta zgoda sliepila upravo srdca obiuh vladalaca, svikla im se dobra duša Alfonsova, i odlučili su naselit mu se u kraljevini, i on im dade njeke povlastice i milošće. Nu i po drugi put se doseliše Arbanasi u Italiju, i to za Ferdinanda, sina Alfonsova, koj si pridobio veliku prijatnost Skenderbegove države. Ferdinandu, ratujućemu sa Anžuvinci, bijaše na ruku Kastriotić g. 1461. Dovršiv Ferdinando sretno rat, darova Jurju gospodstvo na Trani, na Siponto i na ostala mjesta. Eto opet drugoga razloga, druge ponuke, za kojom se arbanski vojnici povedoše ugledav se u primjer svojih predšastnika. I tako se opet razširiše po Napuljskoj zemlji dobivši od vladaoca povlasti itd. O trećoj priselbi pišu da bijaše oko godine 1467, kad je umro Jure Kastriotić. {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Albanian historical folksongs, 1716-1943: a survey of oral epic poetry from southern Albania, with original texts, Chicago: Argonaut, 1967, p. viii, OCLC 468605998, ... in the fifteenth century Christian uprising associated with the name of Skanderbeg. This, however, was a Christian rising, involving others besides Albanians. {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Macedonian Review, Skopje: Kulturen život, 1972, p. 392, OCLC 2263737, the participation of Macedonians in Skenderbeg's rebellion
  • Arshi Pipa (1989). The Politics of Language in Socialist Albania. East European Monographs. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-88033-168-5. Retrieved 19 June 2013. And it is known that Bulgarians of the Upper Diber were part of Scanderbeg's army.
  • Martens, Michael (March 2010), Oliver Jens Schmitt: Skanderbeg; Ein Winterkönig an der Zeitenwende (in German), Frankfurt: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Skanderbeg war schon deshalb kein „Albanerführer", weil seiner Erhebung außer albanischen auch bulgarische, serbische oder vlachische Orthodoxe folgten. [Skanderberg was not a leader of Albanians simply because apart from Albanian orthodox also Bulgarian, Serbian and Vlachian (Vlachs) orthodox followed his uprising]. {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Pavlovski, Jovan (2006), Вчера и денес--Македонија!: практикум по историја (in Macedonian), Skopje: Mi-An, ISBN 9789989613562, OCLC 426149637, retrieved 9 January 2012, Востанието на Скендер-бег и борбите за остамостајување на албанската држава не можат а да се не одразат и на состојбите во Македонија, дотолку повеке што во тие борби учествувале и Македонци и Власи од Македонија {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Pipa, Arshi (1978), Albanian literature : social perspectives, München: R. Trofenik, p. 66, ISBN 9783878281061, OCLC 5281689, retrieved 9. January 2012, According to Barletius, Scanderbeg's army included many Bulgarians from Upper Diber.. {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  • Vitković, Gavrilo (1870), Glasnik Srbskog učenog društva (in Serbian), vol. 28, 29, Srpsko učeno društvo, p. 40, OCLC 16568299, Хришћанску војску Мађаре и Србе предвођаху највећи јунаци свог времена Сибињанин Јанко и Ђорђе Кастриотић {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Posebna Izdanja. Editions Speciales, Издања 12-14 (in Serbian), Belgrade: Geografsko Društvo, 1932, p. 31, По народном предању, после Косовске Битке Мијаци су дошли у свој тадашњи крај прешавши преко Шар - Планине- Они су се сакрили у шумовите пределе Бистре, Јаме, Стогова, Крчина и Кораба. Тамо су продужили ...У 15. веку придружили су се одметнику Ђорђу Кастриотићу... {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Černý, Adolf (2007). Slovanský přehled (in German). Knihtiskárna F. Šimáček. p. 48. Skanderbeg und seine Kampfgenossen Serben waren und serbisch sprachen
  • Thatcher, Bruce (2011), Adamant Aggressors: How to Recognize and Deal With Them, ISBN 9781462891955, Skanderbeg made a pact with Hungary and unified virtually all the Albanian and Serbian chieftains along the Adriatic coast. {{citation}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |lay-date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Sources that are not verifiable[edit]

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