User:Asiaticus/sandbox/Victor Pantaleon Linares

Victor Pantaleon Linares (1807-1853), Californio, soldier, ranchero, majordomo of Mission San Luis Obispo, vecino and Juez of San Luis Obispo. Grandson of some of the earliest Spanish settlers of California, his son Pio Linares was an infamous Californio leader of a bandit gang in San Luis Obispo County in the 1850's.

Victor Linares' Family and His Early Life

Victor Pantaleon Linares was a descendant of his grandfather Ygnacio Antonio Linares, a Spanish soldier from Sonora with a wife and four children that came to Alta California with the second Anza Expedition in 1776. He served as a soldier in the Presidio of San Francisco and died in San Jose in 1805.

Victor Linares' father, Salvador Linares, son of Ygnacio Antonio Linares, was born on December 25, 1775 as the second Anza Expedition was crossing the desert from Sonora to Mission San Gabriel. He followed his father as a soldier in the Monterey Presidio, marrying a widow with a daughter, Maria Bernarda Alvarez. Together they had four sons, three that reached adulthood. However Salvador died at the Monterey Presidio in August 1807, at age 31, soon after the birth of his twin sons Francisco and Victor on July 24, 1807. Both were christened the next day at Mission Nuestra Senora de la Soledad.

Salvador's widow with a daughter from her first marriage and the three young sons from the second, remarried for a third time on December 17, 1809 at Mission San Gabriel, to Jose Pedro Villalobos, a corporal of the garrison of San Diego Presidio. It was he or perhaps his father an old soldier and resident of San Diego, Juan Jose Miguel Villalobos, who raised the sons of Salvador Linares until his death March 7, 1825. That year the eldest Linares son, Jose Ynes de la Luz joined the garrison of San Diego Presidio followed the next year by one of the younger twin sons, Victor Linares. The other twin son of Salvador, Francisco "Santiago" Linares, did not join the military but followed another path that led to his execution for a robbery and murder at Los Angeles on April 7, 1841. He was buried in the La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles Cemetery.

At the San Diego Presidio Victor was married to a widow, Maria Micaela Villa, with two sons, Sebastian, age 5 and Francisco age 2 on January 8, 1826. That April, while serving as a sentry, Victor Lenaris killed Juan German, a vecino of San Diego. Linares was court-martialed but was acquitted because he had merely performed his duty as a sentry.

Within a year of the courtmartial Victor Linares had left San Diego and was living near Mission San Gabriel, where his first son Pedro was born on July 30, 1827 and christened the following day. Victor had become a vecino of Los Angeles by 1831, when his second son, Pio was born May 4 and the following day was christened in La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles in the town plaza. A census taken in Los Angeles in 1836 showed Victor living with his wife Micaela his two stepsons Sebastian Villa age 16 and Francisco Villa age 13, and his sons Pedro age 9, Pio age 5 and a third son Fernando age 1.

Ranchero

The following year in 1837 Victor Linares was granted the two leagues of Rancho Tinaquaic in what is now in Santa Barbara County, California. There three more of his children, two daughters Maria and Augustias and a son Raymundo were born, between 1838 and 1841. Located far from a church there are no surviving records known of birth or christening for these children, only later census data for their approximate age. In 1839, Victor Linares was appointed majordomo of the lands of the Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa from May to October when he was let go to save the $20 salary and cost of his large family.

However in on April 22, 1840, Victor Linares as an alférez in the Monterey company of auxillaries, was ordered by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to take charge of a Sargent and 11 men, under the command of Captain J. M. Covarrubias to be an escort of Prefect Castro during his mission to take 60 foreign prisoners including Isaac Graham, to Mexico City. They were accused with of plotting the overthrow of the government of Alta California. However his detachment was later replaced by a larger number of men under more experienced leaders.

About 1842, Rancho Tinaquaic came into the hands of William D. Foxen, son in law of the grantee of the rancho adjacent to Tinaquaic and later the claimant for Tinaquaic before the Land Commission in 1852. The date of the disceno in the Rancho Tinaquaic Land Cass dates from 1842, the probable year Foxen acquired the grant of Rancho Tinaquaic from Victor Linares. That was the same year, Linares was granted Rancho Cañada de los Osos in San Luis Obispo County, perhaps an exchange was made so Linares could have a rancho near his home in San Luis Obispo that he had also acquired.

In 1842 Victor Linares was granted a 1,000 vara square lot (165.76 acres) within the Pueblo lands of San Luis Obispo by Gov. Juan B. Alvarado. It was later confirmed to his widow in 1857.

Victor Linares was also granted the Rancho Cañada de los Osos on December 1, 1842 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado. The rancho lay west of San Luis Obispo to Morro Bay in the Los Osos Valley, between the Irish Hills to the south and the Nine Sisters to the north.

Vecino and Juez of San Luis Obispo

In 1844, Victor Linares sold his rancho to James Scott and John Wilson who also bought the adjacent Rancho Pecho y Islay a strip of Pacific coastal terrace and the Irish Hills bordering the terrace from Pecho Creek to the east and Islay Creek to the north. Scott and Willson added it to their Los Osos rancho and combined them in a new 32,431 acre grant, Rancho Cañada de los Osos y Pecho y Islay from Governor Pio Pico in 1845.

In January 1846 Victor Linares was appointed Juez of the Second Instance for San Luis Obispo. On March 7th, Linares ordered Padre Jose Nicolas Gomez, curate of the Mission San Luis, to turn over Mission property to Juez Jesus Pico for James Scott and John Wilson its purchasers. Padre Gomez appealed to the bishop, who asked the Governor to reserve certain storerooms and the mills of the Mission. The Governor promised to investigate. March 10th, Padre Gomez wrote to the Governor, complaining of lack of means of support, also of his mortifications and insults. March 29th, possession given to Jesus Pico. April 18th, Linares, was reprimanded by the subprefect for insubordination.

The 1850 California census showed Victor Linares living in his home in the town, with his wife, sons Pedro 23, Pio 18, and Fernando 16, and daughters Maria Antonia, 14, Augustias, 12, Maria Olivia, 5, and Teresa, 3. The 1852 California census showed Victor Linares living in his home in the town, with his wife and younger children, [Fernando, 18, Raymundo, 9, Maria Olivia, 7. Pedro and Pio had been married and moved out. Pedro had been married to Maria Antonia Figueroa, in August 16, 1846, but only had his first child in May 1851. Pio had moved out after marrying a widow, Maria Antonia Ortega, May 17 1851.

On June 6, 1853, Victor Linares was buried at Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, having died of a fever.

References

DEFAULTSORT:Linares, Victor Pantaleon}}
Category:People of Alta California
Category:People of Mexican California
Category:Californios]]
Category:Land owners from California]]
Category:1807 births]]
Category:1853 deaths]]
Category:People of the Californias]]
Category:American people of Spanish descent]]
Category:American people of Mexican descent]]

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LINARES, Victor Pantaleon, Male 1807 - 1853 (45 years)

Born: 24 Jul 1807; Alta California. He was one of two twins.

Christened: 25 Jul 1807; Mission Nuestra Senora de la Soledad, Monterey, Alta California

Father LINARES, Salvador Male 1775 - 1807 (31 years) 1775-1776 ANZA EXPEDITION MEMBER, With parents and siblings, (born on the trail)

Salvador LINARES' father was a soldier in that expedition Ygnacio Antonio, LINARES, b. Abt. 1745, Horcasitas, Sonora, Mexico, d. 5 Jun 1805, San Jose, Alta California (Age ~ 60 years) his mother, who bore during the expedition was Maria Manuela Gertrudis, RIVAS, b. Abt. 1752, Rio Chico, Sonora, Mexico,

Salvadore had 3 sons that lived to adulthood.

The eldest Jose Ynes de la Luz LINARES, Male b. 1800 - Abt 1846 (46 years) was also a soldier at the San Diego Presidio from 1825.

The other twin son was LINARES, Francisco "Santiago"; Male 1807 - 1841 (33 years), went bad and was executed by firing squad on 7 Apr 1841, along with 2 others, for the robbeery and murder of Nicolas Fink, a German trader in Los Angeles.

Popular Tribunals, Volume 1, Hubert Howe Bancroft, History Company, 1887 - California, pages 745-746

"... In March 1841 three Mexicans, Valencia, Linares, and Duarte were under sentence of death at Los Angeles for robbing and murdering the German Trader Nicholas Fink. Meanwhile the vagabond class had broken into and robbed a tavern, and committed other violent acts. Thirty-three citizens petitioned government for a prompt execution of the trio to serve as an example. On April 7th they were executed, a strong guard of citizens remaining under arms for three days to repress any outbreak in favor of the prisoners. Although the excitement was strong no disturbance occurred. It was through the exertions of foreign residents at Los Angeles that these men were brought to justice. They confessed their guilt in open court. The judge of the first instance condemned them to death, and Governor Alvarado approved the sentence, and ordered the comandante at Santa Bar-

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bara to carry the same into execution within three days after receipt of the order. De Mofras says that the foreigners intimated to Alvarado that if the government did not execute the sentence the people would; but what this godmatic Franchman says on any subject must be taken cum grano salis."

The death of his Uncle Francisco occured when Pio Linares was 10 years old, living in San Luis Obispo, a year before his father disposed of his first rancho and acquired his second the Los Osos, near the town.

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Victor Linares was a Mexican soldier, who was stationed in San Diego in the 1820's.

In April 1826 the soldier Victor Linares killed the vecino Juan German. Arguello was prosecutor; Pio Pico, clerk; and Zamorano defended the accused. The court-martial, composed of Echeandia, Rocha, Valle, Ibarra, Portilla, Pacheco, and Mata, each of whom gave a separate vote in writing, acquitted Linares, who had merely performed his duty as a sentry. Id., lix. 5-7.

• L. (Victor), soldier at S. Diego '26. ii. 549;

ii, 422-423,

422

In 1819 there came to the country Captain

Portilla's Mazatlan company of cavalry, the ^Maza- tecos,' and Captain Navarrete's San Bias company of infantry, the ^Cholos,' both companies numbering 203 men. [1] The veteran artillerymen under Gomez were reenforced in 1820 by the coming of Lieutenant Jose Ramirez, who probably brought with him 15 or 20 men.[2] There were besides the company of militia

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MILITARY. 423

artillerymen, several times called into active service,

numbering 82 men in 1816, but reduced to 64 in 1819.^^ Thus the total force available in 1820 was about 700 men. The services of the army on the several occasions when the province was threatened, or supposed to be threatened, with invasion by foreign foes, in the various expeditions against Indian foes in the interior, and in the continual battle against the want and nakedness resulting from Spanish neglect, are already well known to the reader, and the mili- tary annals of the period demand no further notice.

[1] Portilla's company: 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 2 alf^reces, and 95 men,

including sergeants, corporals, drummers, and privates; Navarrete's com- pany: 1 captain, 1 lieut., 1 sub-lieut., 3 sergeants, 10 corporals, 1 drummer, and 86 privates. Prov. St. Pap., Bev. Mil. MS., xlix. 34.

[2] Cost of the artillery detachment, $2,700 to $3,000 per year. On the

reenforcement under Ramirez, see chap. xii. this volume.

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RENFORCEMEXTS. 253

so well founded, that past orders were not coimter-

manded and measures for relief were actually hastened. In June and July [1819] the coming of vessels with troops was definitely announced.^

The first detachment of troops that started north-

Avard was the San Bias infantry company of one hun- dred men under the command of Captain Jose Antonio Navarrete, Lieutenant Antonio del Valle, and Sub- lieutenant Francisco de Haro. The transport San Carlos was brought into service to carry the lieuten- ants and half the company, and was commanded by Gonzalo de Ulloa. The captain with the rest of the men embarked on the ship Reina de Los Angeles, Cap- tain Jose Bandini, chartered for this trip.^^ The vessels sailed from San Bias on June 8th, and both landed their troops at Monterey between July 25th and September 7th, there being much confusion about the exact dates. -^^ The Reina among other war-stores brought five iron six-pounders and ten four-pounders, while the San Carlos had four hundred sabres and three national flags. Forty men of the company under Lieutenant Valle were soon transferred from the cap- ital to San Francisco.

The second detachment of reenforcements was a

part of the Escuadron de Mazatlan, a company of cavalry one hundred strong, under Captain Pablo de --- 254 LAST THREE YEARS OF THE DECADE.

la Portilla, lieutenants Juan Maria Ibarra and Nar-

ciso Fabregat, and Alferez Ignacio Delgado. This company embarked at Mazatlan in the Cossack on July 14th. The vessel was chartered for San Diego direct, but the winds carried her to the gulf instead, and on August 7th the troops, thirty-seven of whom are said to have been dangerously ill, were landed at San Luis Gonzaga Bay. From this point they marched slowly northward, and arrived at San Diego on the IGth of September. These troops came toler- ably well armed with muskets and bayonets; and they brought ten thousand dollars in money with which to defray expenses.^' Forty -five of the men under Fa- bregat and Delgado were soon added to the garrison at Santa Barbara; so that the new forces were in a few weeks pretty evenly distributed among the four presidioS) giving each an increase of about fift}^ men. None of these men were at this time accompanied by their families. A reenforcement of artiller}" had been asked for, promised, and had even started, but did not arrive this year.

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254 LAST THREE YEARS OF THE DECADE.

Portilla's Mazatlan company was composed

of a good class of men, who subsequently gave no grounds for complaint, being equal in character and discipline to the regular presidial troops. Navarrete's infantry company, the "veteranos de San Bias, solda- dos de la otra banda," or as they were best known in ---

THE CHOLOS, AND HARD TIMES. 255

California, the cholos[1] were on the contrary most

emphatically a bad lot. Such is the unanimous tes- timony of governor, commandants, friars, and citizens, no one of whom has a word to say in their favor. They belonged to the criminal and vagabond classes; were taken for the most part from the jails or picked up by press-gangs in New Galicia, and they were altogether ignorant of military discipline or the use of arms. Notwithstanding the suit of clothes and two months' advance pay which they had received, they soon proved a burden rather than a relief to Cali- fornia.[2]

[1] Cholo in American provincial Spanish is the offspring of a Spanish father

and Indian mother; but it was never used in California except in an offensive sense, with reference to character rather than to race. It was applied only to vagabonds who came from Mexico.

[2]Sept. 28, 1819, Sola to Guerra says he has complained very bitterly to

the viceroy about the class of men sent at a cost of nearly $60,000 to aug- ment my troubles.' Prov. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., xlix. 42. Sept. 6th, Lieut. Estrada says not one of the men ever had a musket in his hands. Guerra, Doc. HUt. Cat., MS., v. 182-3; iv. 43. Sept. 17th, Padre Martinez to Sola, the new troops 'sin disciplina y sin religion.' The valley of the Tulares is a good place to tame horses and soldiers. The V. li. should be talked to very plainly. Arch. Arzoh., MS., iii. pt. ii. 90-6. Sept. 16th, Payeras to Sola, protests against the new troops being quartered at the missions or having anything to do with the neophytes. It is hard enough to manage the Indians with the best soldiers of the presidial companies as escoltas. The new troops should be kept in the presidios; but if some of them must come to the missions he will notify the padres to have separate quarters built for them. Oct. 8th, Payeras to padres giving directions for such buildings. /(/., iii. pt. ii. 96-104. Of mixed race and worse than mixed character, vicious and quarrelsome. Their conduct inspired disgust and was the origin of the sub- sequent bitter feelings between Californians and Mexicans. Small in stature, wearing the hair short in contrast with the presidial troops, drunkards, gamblers, and thieves. Alvarado, Hist. CaL, MS., iii. 11, 12. Good and esteemed officers; but the large majority of the privates were regular Icperos, Pico, Acontecimientos, MS., 4, 5. The moment they arrived at Monterey robberies, excesses, and murders began in California, Oslo, J list. CaL, jNIS., 54-5. Nov. 13, 1820, 16 of the company sent back to San Bias for insubor- dination. St. Pap. Sac, MS., vi. 22.

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256 LAST THREE YEARS OF THE DECADE.

presidial supplies of pleasing memory, he hoped for

and regarded as promised a detachment of artillery, 400 carbines, 300 swords, fifteen or twenty cannon of large calibre, and a considerable smii of money for the repairing of forts. ^^ None of these things came ex- cept some sabre-blades, ^' not fit for sickles," to which rude wooden handles had been fitted during the sea- voyage. Sola was filled with indignation and disgust, Vvdiich he expressed rather freely with more force than dignity to superiors and subordinates. The viceroy he accused of breaking his promises, and General Cruz of disobeying the viceroy's orders; all, as he peevishly implies, for no other motive than to increase the troubles that were keeping him restless night and day.^^^

Viceroy Apodaca had been almost surprised at his

own zeal in having made such extraordinary efforts in behalf of California. He was inclined to expect from the far north an outburst of gratitude which would wipe out all the shortcomings of his predecessors, and his own in the past and future. He was accordingly astounded at Sola's impudence and ingratitude, and on receipt of his complaints he administered a severe rep- rimand, and wrote in substance: ^' You have no con- sideration of the difficulties encountered, or of the sac- rifices made in sending to your province such an army as it never saw before, and you dare to say you are in a worse condition than ever. The swords are not 'fit for sickles;' in fact were not intended to be, but for weapons; and if the handles are not suitable then put on better ones, and supply the lack of scabbards from the hides so abundant in your country. No carbines were sent because none could be found; let the troops

COUNSEL FROM THE VICEROY. 257

use muskets to which they are better accustomed.

The artillery is on the way, has been delayed I sup- pose, and will arrive in due time. Two vessels have been laden with supplies, and will take away the pro- ducts of the country, thus aiding the pueblo you say you have to feed. And those settlers, let them go to work, as God and the king require; let them develop the rich resources of their province and talk less, and thus will they live comfortably, and also be an aid rather than a burden to the government in such try- ing times as these. I shall continue to do all in my power for your province, and I shall despatch the San Carlos next March with eight missionaries, be- sides money and goods. Meanwhile if the two hun- dred men I have sent are of no use to you, send them back."[1]

[1] Dec. 15, 1819, viceroy to Sola. Prav. St. Pap., MS., xx. 63-5. Oct.

28th, the V. R, had written that there were no carbines to be had, and that the treasury of Sonora could furnish no supplies. Id., xx. 72. Dec. 2d, Alejo Garcia Conde from Durango to Sola. Money and arms very scarce. Can send no funds. Jd. , xx. 84. iJec. 8th, ' no hay novedad en California. ' Gaceta de Mex., xli. 418.

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The Mexican government had raised 300 troops at the request of Governor Sola to reinforce his province after the attack of pirates on Monterey. However these troops were obtained from the prisons of San Blas and Mazatlan and only armed with poor quality swords. 150 were sent to San Diego and 150 to Monterey. Gwin.

While serving in San Diego Victor Linares, married Pio's mother Micaela in 1826.  ?

Pio Linares was born in 1831, to Victor Linares, formerly a Mexican soldier, who was stationed in San Diego in the 1820's.

Pio was born on May 4, 1831, in Los Angeles, Alta California, and christened the next day in the Plaza Church.

Born: 4 May 1831, Los Angeles, Alta California.

Christened: 5 May 1831, Plaza Church, Los Angeles, Alta California [Alta Cal Msn Bk #00_1770-1855_Bap, Early California Population Project, (huntington.org), http://missions.huntington.org/BaptismalData.aspx?ID=2408.

BAPTISM; L.A. Plaza Church; #274) 5 May 1831- PIO LINARES, 1 d., Birth Date: el dia antes, de Victor Linares, Msn. S.L.D. Bap. #1308, y de Micaela Garcia, S.D. Bap. #3061, vecinos de este Pueblo. *More info on web site

Alta Cal Msn Bk #05_1826-1848_LA Pl Ch_Bap, Nuestra Senora Reina de Los Angeles Church, (Thomas Workman Temple III).

BAPTISM #274) May 5, 1831- PIO LINARES, of Victor y Micaela Garcia.

Pat. gps. were Salvador L. dfo. y Bernarda Silvas, de Sinaloa.

Mat. gps. were Juan Jose Garcia y Maria Antonia Sandoval, de aqui.

Julian Espinosa y Bruna Garcia, ambos solteros, pads.

4 [S209] CENSUS 1836 - Alta California LA , Historical Society of Southern California, (University of California Press), page 127 (27/66), 1836.

1836 PADRON (CENSUS) OF LOS ANGELES

NOMBRE ---------------- EDAD-- RESIDENCIA-- PROFESION---NATURAL DE---ESTADO

• Victor Linares-------- 33>29- Angeles----- *N--------- Angeles----- C 29

Micaela Garcia Linares- 40>35- Angeles----- ----------- Angeles----- C 35

• Sebastian Villa------- 16---- Angeles----- *N--------- Angeles----- S

Francisco Villa-------- 13---- Angeles----- *N--------- Angeles----- S

Pedro Linares----------- 9---- Angeles----- _---------- Angeles-----

Pio Linares------------- 5---- Angeles----- _---------- Angeles-----

Fernando Linares-------- 1---- Angeles----- _---------- Angeles-----

• N. Vago o de Ninguina Profesion

Rancho Tinaquaic

• • in '37 grantee of Tinaquaic. iii. 655-656,n.5 557; 1837 Tinaquaic, 2L, Victor Linares; William D. Foxen claimant (Tinaquaic disceno dates from 1842, same year Linares was granted Los Osos)

The original grant of the two leagues of Rancho Tinaquaic was made in 1837, the grantee was Victor Linares a Mexican soldier who had come to California in 1820's. It subsequently came into the hands of William B. Foxen, the claimant before the Land Commission in 1852.

William Benjamin (Guillermo Domingo) Foxen (1798–1874), a native of Norwich, England was a seaman who came to Santa Barbara in 1828, in the ship Courier. Foxen left the ship and later after converting to the Catholic religion, was baptized as Guillermo Domingo Foxen. He married Eduarda Osuna, the stepdaughter of Tomás Olivera of Rancho Tepusquet in 1831. He had three children with his wife, and was engaged in trade in Santa Barbara. In 1837, at the age of 38 he became a naturalized Mexican citizen. Foxen probably acquired the the two square league grant of Rancho Tinaquaic in 1842. The map of the Tinaquaic rancho, Diseño del Rancho Tinaquaic for the grant dates from 1842. Interestingly 1842 is the same year that Victor Linares the original grantee of Rancho Tinaquaic, was granted Rancho Cañada de los Osos nearby San Luis Obispo where Linares had moved in 1839 and settled in the town as the Mission majordomo and alférez in the local militia.

• • in 39 maj. at S. Luis Ob., iii. 683;

• • and 1840 militia alferez. iv. 13;n.17

• • in '42 grantee of Ca¤ada de los Osos. iv. 655

• • in '46 juez at S. Luis, v. 638, where he still lived in '51.]

In 1837 Victor Linares was granted the two leagues of Tinaquaic in Santa Barbara County, California. It subsequently came into the hands of William D. Foxen, the claimant before the Land Commission in 1852. The date of the disceno in the Rancho Tinaquaic Land Cass dates from 1842, the probable year Foxen acquired the grant of Rancho Tinaquaic. That was the same year, Linares was granted Rancho Cañada de los Osos] in San Luis Obispo County, perhaps an exchange was made so Linares could have a rancho near his home in San Luis Obispo.

In 1839 Victor Linares came to San Luis Obispo where he was majordomo of the Mission lands from May to October when he was let go to save the $20 salary and cost of his large family. He was also an alférez in the local militia.

In 1842 Victor Linares was granted a 1,000 vara square lot (165.76 acres) within the Pueblo lands of San Luis Obispo by Gov. Juan B. Alvarado. It was later confirmed to his widow in 1857.

Victor Linares was also granted the Rancho Cañada de los Osos on December 1, 1842 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado. The rancho lay west of San Luis Obispo in the Los Osos Valley. In 1844, Victor Linares sold his rancho to James Scott and John Wilson who also bought the adjacent Rancho Pecho y Islay a strip of Pacific coastal plain and the Irish Hills bordering the plain to the east and north. Scott and Willson added it to their Los Osos rancho and combined them in a new 32,431 acre grant, Rancho Cañada de los Osos y Pecho y Islay from Governor Pio Pico in 1845.