User:Beepboop327/Pietro Lombardo

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Pietro Lombardo (1435–1515) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor and architect; born in Carona (Lombardy)[1]. Lombardo was the son of Martino de Carona, a stonecutter identified as a relation of the Solari family, notable for their Milanese school artists such as Andrea and Cristoforo Solari.[2] He was the father of Tullio Lombardo and Antonio Lombardo.[3] Between the years of 1498 and 1515, Lombardo acted as master mason of the Palazzo Ducale.[3]

Works[edit]

Mausoleo ad Antonio Roselli in Sant'Antonio, Padua

Early Years[edit]

While his earliest documented commissions were executed in a rented workshop at San Petronio, Bologna, between July of 1462 and May of 1463, it was in early 1464 that he began work in Padua on his more celebrated wall tomb of Dodge Antonio Roselli in the Basilica of Saint Anthony.[4] In 1466[5] Lombardo also designed the Casa Olzignan. His early work is reflective of Florentine artistic traditions, while Northern influences came to be of greater significance in his later works.[6]

Funerary Monuments[edit]

In 1467, Lombardo relocated to Venice.[7] It was there that he spent much of the late 15th century sculpting works included in many Venetian tombs with the help of his sons. These tombs included those of Dante Alighieri, Doge Pasquale Malipiero and Pietro Mocenigo.

Situated on the wall of the entrance to the Ravenna tomb of Dante Alighieri is a low relief carving by Lombardo of the poet in profile dating to 1483.[8] The tomb received a cursory description in the nineteenth century great compendium of Venetian Renaissance sculpture and architecture by Pietro Paolétti. Lombardo's decorative contribution to the site was also described in a letter by Percy Bysshe Shelley in a letter to Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley dated to August 15th, 1821.[9] Shelley wrote:

"I have seen Dante's tomb, and worshipped the sacred spot. The building and its accessories are comparatively modern, but, the urn itself, and the tablet of marble, with his portrait in relief, are evidently of equal antiquity with his death. The countenance has all the marks of being taken from his own; the lines are strongly marked, far more than the portraits, which, however, it resembles; except, indeed, the eye, which is half closed, and reminded me of Pacchiani. It was probably taken after death."[10]

Monument to the Doge Pasquale Malipiero, Interior of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice
Giovanni Bellini Saint Vincent Ferrer Altarpiece 1464-1470 Tempera on Panel Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice

Lombardo's Monument to Dodge Pasquale Malipiero is a marble work consisting of a lunette featuring a Pietà, statuary depicting the personifications of Justice, Abundance, and Peace, and roundels decorated with the the Lion of Saint Mark. This work was completed shortly after the death of Malipiero in 1462 and is housed within the Basilica di Santi Giovanni e Paolo.[11] Within the same church, the frame of the altarpiece is thought to have been designed by Lombardo in collaboration with the work's painter, Giovanni Bellini.[2]

Monument of the Doge Pietro Mocenigo 1481

The same Basilica hosts Lombardo's masterpiece Monument of Pietro Mocenigo. Executed between the years of 1476 and 1481, the monument, crafted from marble and Istrian stone, depicts the Dodge as a triumphant military leader accompanied by both allegorical and mythological figures within an triumphal arch. Lombardo executed this work consisting of fifteen life-size statues with the assistance of his sons.[12]

In 1488, the Lombardo workshop completed the tomb of Bishop Giovanni Zanetti in the Treviso Cathedral. The overall composition of the tomb is accredited to Pietro, and draws inspiration from the no longer existent tomb for Lodovico Forscarini, a sepulchral commission completed by Lombardo in 1485.[13]

Architectural Projects[edit]

Santa Maria dei Miracoli
Virgin and Child c. 1475-1485, Pietro Lombardo, Marble relief
Madonna and Child Attributed to Pietro Lombardo, Marble Relief
Portale di San Giobbe

Lombardo was the architect and chief sculptor for the Church of Santa Maria dei Miracoli, Venice (1481–1489) and of San Giobbe in Venice.

While the Santa Maria dei Miracoli began as a simple chapel, Lombardo was forced to increase its capacity for worshippers due to the popularity of its purportedly miraculous Virgin and Child image. Owing to the limited space of the site, Lombardo approached expansion by elevating the chancel, and he utilized strategically placed external pilasters to give the relatively small structure (approximately 10 x 47 meters) the illusion of greater scale. In addition to his structural innovations, Lombardo also elevated the church through his exemplary internal and external decorative panels, which incorporated colorful marble, porphyry, and verd antique.[14]

Lombardo's contributions to San Giobbe, a votive church consecrated in 1493, served as the first Renaissance building completed in Venice.[15] He also depicted saints and the Virgin Mary on the walls of several Catholic churches, often in classicized modes reflective of his exposure to the works of Donatello during his time in Padua.[16]

In Popular Culture[edit]

Tomb of Dante, circa 1265-1321, relief by Pietro Lombardo, 1483, Ravenna, Italy

Pietro Lombardo is mentioned in line 27 of Canto XLV by Ezra Pound as the first in a list of Italian renaissance artists whom Pound admired.[17]

  1. ^ "Biography". www.wga.hu. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  2. ^ a b "LOMBARDO, Pietro in "Dizionario Biografico"". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2020-11-17.
  3. ^ a b "Pietro Lombardo | Italian sculptor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  4. ^ "History of Art:The Early Renaissance - Andrea Bregno, Pietro Lombardo". www.all-art.org. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  5. ^ walkli.com https://walkli.com/path/Italy/Padua/padua---stunning-churches-vast-plazas-and-arcaded-streets. Retrieved 2020-11-17. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ www.flashpointmag.com https://www.flashpointmag.com/pietro.htm. Retrieved 2020-11-17. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ^ Chilvers, Ian (2009-01-01), "Lombardo", The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199532940.001.0001/acref-9780199532940-e-1434, ISBN 978-0-19-953294-0, retrieved 2020-11-17
  8. ^ "Dante's tomb and Quadrarco of Braccioforte". www.turismo.ra.it. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  9. ^ Pincus, Debra (November 2006). "A drawing for the tomb of Dante attributed to Tullio Lombardo". The Burlington Magazine. 148: 734–746 – via JSTOR.
  10. ^ terpconnect.umd.edu http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~djb/shelley/lettersfromitaly.html. Retrieved 2020-11-18. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ^ "Monument to Doge Pasquale Malipiero by LOMBARDO, Pietro". www.wga.hu. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  12. ^ "Monument of Pietro Mocenigo by LOMBARDO, Pietro". www.wga.hu. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  13. ^ Munman, Robert (1977). "The Lombardo Family and the Tomb of Giovanni Zanetti". The Art Bulletin. 59 (1): 28–38. doi:10.2307/3049593. ISSN 0004-3079.
  14. ^ Goode, Patrick (2009). The Oxford Companion to Architecture. Oxford University Press Inc, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. Lombardo, Pietro Solari (c.1435–1515) Italian architect. ISBN 0198605684.
  15. ^ "Venice Art & Culture". www.facarospauls.com. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  16. ^ Valentiner, W. R. (1936-11-01). "A terracotta relief by pietro lombardo". Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts of the City of Detroit. 16 (2): 21–24. doi:10.1086/BULLDETINST41501371. ISSN 0899-0271.
  17. ^ Foundation, Poetry (2020-11-11). "Canto XLV by Ezra Pound". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
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