User:Bellerophon5685/sandbox

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Possible future projects I may create the following articles or add the relevant information to a more notable article with which the subject is affiliated.

Epic templates[edit]

Epic Cycle works by Homer other than the above (other possible authors)

Theban Cycle works attributed to Homer

Also attributed to others

Homer and Pigres of Halicarnassus

Homer alone

Anti-communist[edit]

Confederate[edit]

Leftist[edit]

Secret societies[edit]

Miscellaneous[edit]

Insufficient data[edit]

  • Red Rovers of the World - A "secret, fraternal, protective, educational and social society" founded in the Philippines in 1923. It admitted both sexes on equal terms. Its headquarters was in Baltimore, while the "Wigwam" of the "Great Chief" was in the De La Rama building, Manila.[1]
  • Knights of Glory - a Southern fraternal order that was popular c.1900. The Louisville, KY Midland Review commented on its "phenomenal popularity" in its May 3, 1900 ed. Preuss is unable to say whatever happened to it. Cites The Review Vol. VII #9 p.70 May 17, 1900.[3]

Possibly enough for article or somewhere else[edit]

  • Order of Ancient and Modern America - Preuss cites one mention in El Palacio. Despite an extensive archive online, I cannot find the specific source. There are some mentions in hathi, and a pamphlet from them on there and archive.org. Do not know if it is sufficient for an article.
  • Jovian Order - Preuss cites nothing and is very short. Have been able to find some of their old periodical on hathi. Not enough info yet.

Needs own articles[edit]

  • Knights and Ladies of Security - f.1892 in Kansas; "well run from the beginning"; one of the first societies to have a legal reserve fund. Became the Security Benefit Association at the end of WWI.[7] Open to both sexes if white and physically sound. 1910 mem 91,000. Became Security Benefit Association in 1919. Lodges called council, had a ritual. Considered progressive because it was the first to have a reserve fund and enter cities of 150,000 or more. Schmidt cites Preuss.[8] Preus states that the group chartered in KS in 1892; open to white persons of good moral character 18-55 who could pass a physical exam; Preuss goes into detail about the rituals and ceremonies, excerpted from Christian Cynosure which, oddly, was denied a copy of its constitution and burial ritual by the national office; the ritual ceremonies and "secret work" are prescribed and handled by a "National Executive Committee"; the lodges were apparently called "Councils"; one of their officers was a "Prelate" who administered the obligations of the order and conducted the devotional exercises (Preuss goes to great lengths to describe their uniform)'; lodge rooms had an "Altar" with a cloth and Bible; Cites cyclopedia 2nd. ed. p.144, "Constitution and Laws" Christian Cynosure Vol. LI #12 April 1919 p.363; Vol. LIV #1 [9] Handful of items on worldcat. A number on Hathi. Mentioned in cyclopedia.
  • Alpha Omega Fraternity and Sorority - International Order of Academicians, Founded in the Philippines on August 16, 1965 NCR (National Capitol Region - Manila) at University of the East, Recto Avenue, Manila, Philippines; Celebrated 50th Year/Golden Anniversary at Modern Peaks and Private Resort, Antipolo, Rizal, Philippines, Aug. 15-16, 2015. Alpha Omega Fraternity and Alpha Beta Omega Sorority Philippines 1967 Bicol, Region V (UNC)- University Of Nueva Caceres (Taken from another article)

Don't know what to do[edit]

  • Knights of the Ancient Essenic Order - established in 1888 in Olympia, WA; social and benevolent society without beneficiary or insurance features. Had 35,000 mem in late 1890s.[10] Semi-military benefits more of a relief and aid, rather than insurance nature. Schmidt cites cyclopedia.[11] f.1888 in Olympia, WA by Charles J. Weathersby; 1923 mem 2,136; 1615 Grantwood Ave. Cinncinati, Ohio; Cites cyclopedia 2nd ed. 1907 p.221 sq.; Statistics, Fraternal Societies p.236 [12] Handful of items of worldcat and hathi. Not sure if this counts as a Benefit order.

To be added to North American fraternals[edit]

  • Knights of St. John and Malta - Preuss state that this group entered the US from England via Canada in 1874 and, quoting him, "expunged the Orange and alleged Masonic degrees" to use only the ancient orders associated with the medieval Knights of Malta; this led to the "withdrawal of the order from British jurisdiction" again, quoting him; some of the subordinate Chapter rebelled in 1883 establishing the Grand Priory of the Ancient and Illustrious Order Knights of Malta (above?); the remaining group continued as the Knights of John and Malra with Councils in NY, NJ, DE, MD, MI, CA, TX, IL, AR; Preuss goes into detail about the degrees and org. to wit: there were 21 "grades" in the "Perfect and Sublime Rite of Exalted Chivalry", 4 in the "Encampments" and 17 in the "College of Ancients"; the latter was a "Degree of Merit" for members of the "Grand Chapter" and was limited to 144. Cites Cyclopedia 2nd. ed. pp. 266-8[13]

Masonic[edit]

  • Daughters of Malta - According to Preuss this was for female relatives and friends of members of the Masonic Knights of Malta (disambiguation); the merged with the Ladies of Malta in 1902 as the Dames of Malta which received a charter from the Supreme Commandery of the Ancient and Illustrious Order Knights of Malta. Cites same sources as above.[15]

Anti-Prohibition[edit]

  • Royal Fellows of Bagdad - Founded in 1914 by liqueur sellers to "avoid liqueur license laws in regard to Sunday selling." They apparently had "fitted up" spacious rooms where liqueur could be had. The order could not be traced in the early 1920s.[16][17]

Service clubs[edit]

  • Loyal Knights of the Round Table - luncheon club founded in Oakland in 1922. ceremonies based on Arthurian legend. [18] Overview in Preuss Appendix pp.514-5 Cites The Round Table pamphlet that I cannot find on worldcat. possible item of theirs from worldcat (Milwaukee const. from 1930s) Number of hits on Hathi, but with its name its difficult to determine which are related. Not in cyclopedia.

Criminal/political/revolutionary[edit]

  • Chinese secret societies - Preuss pp.88-9 says that they have caused much bloodshed among Chinese communities, particularly in San Francisco. Known to Americans as tongs or highbinders, they are known to the Chinese as hatchet societies or hatchetmen; said to be a revival of an organization that began 200 years ago. Quotes Stevens that the ones east of the Rockies are more respectable than the tongs of San Francisco. Both Stevens and Mackay that they are not Masonic. Cites Stevens, pp. 67, 70; NESR p.194, Encyclopedia American articles highbinders,, Societies, Criminal and Encyclopedia of Freemasonry pp.162, 828; Stevens pp.67-70 which appear to be identical between the 1st and 2nd eds. have lengthy overview. Cites 1896 article "Secret Societies in China" from Blackwood's Magazine reprinted in the Jan. 17, 1897 ed of Saint Louis Globe Democrat; Associated Press dispatch San Francisco Nov. 14, 1894; Spokane Review Aug. 21, 1897; related Tongs, Triads
  • Camorra/Mafia - Stevens pp.422-3 Cites nothing; Preuss "Italian Secret Societies" p.205 cites and summarizes Stevens, cites Herders-Konversations Lexicon articles Camorra, Mafia, Encyclopedia American articles Camorra, Mafia, Societies, Criminal
  • Iron Brotherhood - working class organization that advocated violent revolution during the depression of 1894-6; the Industrial Army founded in 1896 with similar aims. Stevens pp.415-6 cites a letter Feb. 1897 letter by the leader of the Knights of Labor to an unnamed labor organizer saying both organizations were ready to start an insurrection and quotes extensively from one of their circulars, but doesn't say which one. A "Colorado newspaper" in June 1897 said members were armed, ready to carried out the leaders of the "commander in chief" and did not tolerate Italians, Catholics and Jews. Preuss p. 204 only summarizes Stevens.
  • Tramp fraternities - Preuss pp.459-60 quotes extensively from Stevens pp.435-6. Stevens in turn cites an article by a Rev. A. N. Somers in the Boston Globe "a few years ago". The basic data is that there are three types of tramps that have three sets of signs that have developed since 1875. The first set are enforced or voluntary wanderers who are sometimes not only honest but educated men who for psychological or other reasons have become tramps. The second class are "adventurers who will not work" and the third are beggars and petty thieves. The signs of one fraternity are supposedly unintelligible to those of others. The higher class included a Greek Rho placed on forks in the road to point in the way to go; a square meant go for a square meal; oval for religious people; triangle pointing upwards safe people, downwards people have who have been approached too often; letter Y it will not pay to ask for anything; square with an x in it, they will send you to jail, circle with an x in it an officer lives here.
  • Whitecaps - Preuss p.479 merely summarizes what Stevens says in his articles on both sets of White Caps. Stevens has articles on both White Caps on p.426, Mutual Protection League p.425, Button gang and "Knights of Labor" p.422; Most of his information in under the "Knights of Labor" heading. He cites an article dated Nov. 4, 1896 New York Sun saying, in essence that the Knights of Labor / White Caps were an armed wing of the Democratic party made up largely of "ignorant Mexican Indians", while the Republican Party had a Mutual Protection League or Button Gang, and that politics in the state was dominated by these two violent factions. The New Mexico gang has a page Las Gorras Blancas; It think there is more in Mexican American history dictionary. Whitecapping also has page. Stevens cites nothing for them.
  • Order of Reubens - revolutionary organization along the US Canadian border at the time of the Rebellions of 1837; Preuss p.361 summarizes Stevens p.421; William Lyon Mackenzie traveled from Detroit to Burlington organizing lodges, including one at Auburn, New York with 700 members. The extent of the order was from Detroit in the East, both sides of Lakes Erie and Ontario, Northern NY and Vermont. The aims of the movement were for independence of Canada from Great Britain and joining it with the US. Americans were asked to provide men, money, gun and ammunition. The order dissolved after an inglorious invasion in Nov. 1838. Stevens cites the Syracuse Herald July 17, 1897 "Auburn Correspondence" from an elderly veteran of the incident. See also Hunters' Lodges.

Civil War era[edit]

  • Ku Klux Klan - Stevens pp.416-9 Cites Century Magazine D. L. Wilson and John Lest "Origin of the Ku Klux Klan" July 1884, as well as Congressional report on Klan of 1872
  • Order of the Mules - vigilante society formed in KY and WV after the civil war. Originally called the Mutual Protective society but later Mules after its logo. Dedicated to detecting and convicting wrong doers rather than punishing them. Its "Grand Lodge" was still meeting in the late 1890s and claimed 3,000 members. Preuss p.355, summarizes Stevens, states that he can not find the order and suggest (humorously?) that it became the Order of Tin Lizzies; Stevens p.421, first and second eds. identical.
  • Union League of America - organization well known from its role in reconstruction. Stevens cites an article by one of the founders of the KKK in Century Magazine D. L. Wilson and John Lest "Origin of the Ku Klux Klan" July 1884

Irish[edit]

  • Clan na Gael - Press pp.91-2 cites Stevens pp.413-5, Encyclopedia American "Clan na Gael"; Stevens only cites Le Caron Twenty-five years in the secret service; the recollections of a spy, un specified NY Sun articles in 1895 and 1896 saying the the Clan was forming a military group called the Irish Volunteers
  • Fenian Brotherhood - Stevens gives a overview, f. 1857 in new York by Irish refugees, height in 1863 when its Chicago convention reported 240,000 members. Locals known as circles presided over by centres, chief executive called head-centre; at the height of the orders prominent had a senate. In 1864 its HQ was at Centre Street (Manhattan), but soon removed to Duane Street where the Council of the united states was held at #22. Moved to Union Square, Manhattan in 1865 where it had an elaborate officer guarded by men in green uniforms; the bureaucracy made the group unresponsive and during the 1870s it became a shell of its former self, overshadowed by the Clan na Gael. Stevens concludes with three cryptic sentences "It is related that O'Donovan Rossa gather together the fragments of the organization late in the seventies and retired with them to his office on Chambers Street. His efforts to secure funds to buy dynamite and arms to liberate Ireland are within easy recollection. It was not many years after, that the Fenian Brotherhood as an organization practically ceased to exist." Of course he also relates the Fenians misadventures invading Canada and its "navy" that consisted a single tugboat going up and down Niagara River with an Irish flag and occasionally shooting toward Fort Erie. His only source is Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia for the meaning of the ancient Fianna.

Preuss/ Stevens sources[edit]

Sources online[edit]

  • Brissenden, Paul F. (Paul Frederick), 1885-1974: The I. W. W.: A Study of American Syndicalism (1919) Online Books Page
  • Browne, Waldo R. What's What in the Labor Movement: A Dictionary of labor Affairs and Labor Terminology Online Books Page
  • Solon Buck The Granger movement; a study of agricultural organization and its political, economic, and social manifestations, 1870-1880 Online Books Page listed are the original 1913 ed and the 1963 eds. Doesn't list the hathi version, which are just copies of the 1913 ed.
  • Henri Le Caron Twenty-five years in the secret service: the recollections of a spy Online books page Ockerbloom list 3 version. Three other versions only on Hathi, will only list them if they have different content.
  • Sackett, M. W. (Myron Ward) Early history of fraternal beneficiary societies in America Online Books Page
  • Louis Scisco Political Nativism in New York State Online Books Page Has two versions from archive.org and two from hathi which he hasn't listed which appear to be the same items.
  • Stauffer, Vernon, 1875-1925 New England and the Bavarian Illuminati Online Books Page
  • Stevens, Albert Clark The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities: A Compilation of Existing Authentic Information and the Results of Original Investigation as to the Origin, Development, Aims, Emblems, Character, and Personnel of More Than Six Hundred Secret Societies in the United States Online Books Page



  • Jonathan Blanchard Revised Odd-fellowship illustrated: the complete revised ritual of the lodge, encampment, patriarchs militant, and the Rebekah degrees Online Books Page (but Okerbloom didn't want any of the eds. on hathi unless there was some different content
  • Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia Online books page Ockerbloom only used the 1898 ed, figuring it was more accessible than the hathi ones and did not know if there was enough difference between versions.




  • J. H. Brockman Oddfellowship : its doctrine and practice examined in the light of God's Word, and judged by its own utterances hathi
  • Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen Constitution on hathi
  • Thomas Capek The Cechs (Bohemians) in America : a study of their national, cultural, political, social, economic and religious life archive.org
  • Detweiler, Frederick German, 1881- The Negro press in the United States archive.org
  • The Independent order of Odd fellows' ritualistic, secret, and floor work archive.org
  • Knights of Labor illustrated hathi
  • Knights of Pythias illustrated Ezra Cook (but only the 1879 ed) archive.org
  • Abb Landis Friendly societies and fraternal orders; a history of the legislation, supervision, mortality experience, management, reforms, rates of assessment and present and past financial condition of the English friendly societies archive.org
  • Leo XIII The Pope and the people : select letters and addresses on social questions archive.org
  • Modern Woodmen of America illustrated reprinted by Ezra Cook



Periodicals[edit]
  • The oracle : exponent of West Gate philosophy (mag online, but none of the individual issues) The Online Books Page


  • Christian Herald - volumes across several resources; 1923 numbers unavailable; possibly a continuation of an an earlier magazine called Christian herald and signs of our times hathi and archive.org
  • Der Lutheraner Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod hathi
  • The Kiwanis magazine hathi
  • Proportional representation review hathi




Sources not online yet[edit]

Ezra Cook/NCA[edit]
  • Adoptive Masonry illustrated Ezra Cook
  • Amaranth rite of adoption Ezra Cook
  • Henry Kellogg College secret societies; their customs, character, and the efforts for their customs, character, and the efforts for their suppression.
  • Exposition of the Grange: Illustrated with engravings, showing the lodge room, signs, grips, etc., also, the initiation and funeral ceremonies and the constitution of the National Grange Ezra Cook 1891,
  • "For women who think." Christian Cynosure
  • The Foresters illustrated Ezra Cook
  • Full Illustrated Mystic Shrine E. Cook
  • Knights of the Orient Illustrated reprinted by Ezra Cook
  • Knights of the Maccabees illustrated
  • Knights Templarism illustrated Ezra Cook
  • Patriarchs Militant Illustrated Ezra Cook
  • Rull, Elizabeth M. Why I left the Rebekah Lodge [Chicago, Ill.] : [National Christian Association], 1900
  • Ritual of the Ancient Order of United Workmen reprinted by Ezra Cook,
  • Ritual of the GAR reprinted by Ezra Cook, 1889;
  • Meyer, William. Adoptive Rite Ritual NCA
  • Revised Red Men Ritual reprinted by Ezra Cook



  • College Fraternities NCA leaflet (not in worldcat)
  • Ritual of the Machinist and blacksmiths Union Ezra Cook 1876 (not in worldcat)
  • Ritual of the Royal Neighbors of America Ezra Cook 1899 (not in worldcat)
self published[edit]
  • Order of the United commercial travelers of America United commercial travelers of America. Souvenir program, Natchez, May, 1913. [Natchez, Miss.], [Press of Natchez Print. & Stationery Co.], 1913
  • Rondthaler Mooseheart: a message to the Christian communities of the world Mooseheart, Ill. : [Mooseheart], 1919
  • A talking knowledge of rotary; being a series of four pamphlets prepared by the 1915-1916 Committee on Philosophy and Education of the International Association of Rotary Clubs, originally published in "The Rotarian" in April, May, June and July, 1916 Pamphlet #11 Chicago, Internat. Assoc. of Rotary Clubs 1916



  • Camp Fire Girls self titled leaflet; there are a couple of items in worldcat answering Preuss' description
  • Improved Order of Red Men: Principles, Objects, Conditions a 1936 ed. is on worldcat
  • National Patriotic order sons and daughters of America (not in worldcat, might be in an archival collection)
  • Ritual of the Knights of Equity (not in worldcat, might be in an archival collection)
  • Tribe of Ben-Hur Constitution, laws, regulations and rules 1904 ed. on worldcat Preuss uses 1910
  • Westgate Brotherhood West Gate Philosophy Book 1 Boston : Charles H. Mackay, 1900; (supposedly online, but not working)


  • Big Brother and Big Sister Federation, Inc self titled leaflet (not in worldcat)
  • Dames of Malta (not in worldcat)
  • Farmers Social and Economic Union Preamble, Motto, Declaration of Purposes Constitution and Bye Laws of the Farmers Social and Economic Union, Charter Granted by the State of Illinois (not in worldcat)
  • Facts about the Women's Benefit Association (not in worldcat)
  • National Camp, Patriotic Order of Americans (not in worldcat)
  • Non-Smokers Protective League Bye laws (not in worldcat)
  • Loyal Sons of America (not in worldcat)
  • Conrad H. Mann Much about the fraternal order of Eagles (not in worldcat)
  • Order of De Molay for Boys 1923 (not in worldcat)
  • Royal Neighbors of America Constitution and bye laws (not in worldcat)
  • Westgate Brotherhood West Gate Catechism (not in worldcat)
  • Westgate Brotherhood Royal Law and Covenant of the West Gate Brothehood (not in worldcat)
Concordia/Lutheran[edit]
  • William Dallmann Oddfellowship weighted, wanting St. Louis, Mo. : Concordia Publishing House, 3rd ed. Lutheran witness tracts #12
  • Benjamin Holt The case against the lodge, with special reference to the Woodmen of the World. St. Louis : Concordia Pub. House, 1917 (Unsure if there is a separate pamphlet The case against the lodge just for Freemasons
  • Grand Army of the Republic...aus Gottes Wort beleuchttet Milwaukee, Wis: Northwest Publ. House (only copy at Concordia Seminary Library at St. Louis)
  • Frank J Lankenau The order of the Knights of Pythias in the light of God's word New Orleans, Pub. by the Evangelical Lutheran Pastoral Conference, (copy at Concordia Seminary Library at St. Louis)
  • Henry Caspar Brinkmann 1864-1913 Was sind die Modern Woodmen of America? : und warum kann ein Christ nicht zu ihnen gehören St. Louis : Concordia Pub. House,
  • Die Loge des Ordens der 'Hermanns-Söhne' in den Vereinigten Staaten von America aus Gottes Wort beleuchttet St. Louis : Concordia Pub. House,
  • William Herman Theodore Dau 1864-1944. Weighed, and found wanting : an inquiry into aims and methods of the Ku Klux Klan Fort Wayne, Ind. : American Luther League,
Other[edit]
  • Marcus Benjamin 1857-1932 Society of the Cincinnati [United States] : [Society of the Cincinnati?], 1902
  • The facts about the Ku Klux Klan as the World told them in worldcat in a bound volume of KKK pamphlets
  • H. Gerber (H. Gruber, SJ) Hermann Grueber Der Odd-Fellow-Orden und das Decret der Congregation der Inquisition vom 20. August 1894 Berlin : Verlag der Germania, 1896
  • Robert Macoy The Amaranth (indenpendent) a royal and exalted degree in the rite of adoption with appropriate ceremonies New York, Macoy Pub. & Masonic Supply Co., 1895
  • John Nutting "Reorganized" or "Josephite" Mormonism: carefully considered in the light of the Bible and of good reason Cleveland, Ohio : Utah Gospel Mission, 1917 1st ed.
  • Charles Giffin Pease Tobacco smoking a criminal invasion of our constitutional rights [New York] : [publisher not identified], New York, N.Y. : For sale by The Restoration Publishing Co. 1918
  • Pilgrim Society, 1820 [Plymouth, Mass.] : The Society, 1900
  • Olney Richardson Religion of the stars, or, the Temple lectures: delivered before the classes of advancement in the Grand Temple of the Order of the Magi Chicago : B.C. Peterson, 1905 3rd.
  • Vincent Wehrle The present political situation of the State of North Dakota [Bismarck?, N.D.] : Wehrle, 1918



  • J. P. Downes American college fraternities NY 1890 (not in worldcat)
  • Enquire Within Poona, 1913 (not in worldcat)
  • Ernest Hull What About the Good Templars (not in worldcat)
  • Mason, Mrs. Leona The character and life of John W. Talbot, Supreme President Order of Owls, Exposed by One of his Victims South Bend, IN 1908 (not in worldcat)
  • Witter Masonry in Europe Berlin, 1832 (not in worldcat)
Periodicals[edit]

Catholic periodicals


  • The Republic Boston, Mass. : Republic Pub. Co. 1882-1927 "Irish American Catholic"


Self published


  • Crusader Monthly WCTU
  • Deutsch-Amerikanische Bürger-Zeitung Chicago, Deutschamerikanischer Bürgerbund 1924-1955
  • Farm Labor Union News
  • Fiery cross Order of Scottish clans
  • Light of Kosmon by Ancient Order of Order of Emeth-Acavah, magazine, (not in worldcat), Probably Oahspe, which had "Light of Kosmon" as a subtitle and mentioned an Emethachavah brotherhood.
  • Montana Mason
  • Missouri Headlight
  • The Patriot St. Louis (Missouri KKK)
  • The Prophet as an organ of the Brotherhood of the Eternal Alliance not only, but there was a periodical of that name issued by the Brotherhood of the Eternal Covenant issued around the same place and time
  • Staatsburger of St. Louis (not in worldcat)
  • Yearbook of the Diomedians of New York 1922 (not in worldcat)


General


  • Amerika St. Louis, Mo. : German Literary Society of St. Louis, 1872-1924


Specialized

  • Der Landmann Milwaukee, Wis. : Excelsior Pub. Co., 1902-1941 German American agricultural
  • Wesleyan Methodist (doesn't say which one; it would have to be one that published on Feb. 6, 1918)

La France Antimaçonnique[edit]

  • Vol. XXVI #23 p.246 - Shriners
  • Vol. XXVII #25 June 19, 1913 pp.206 sq.- Imperial Order of Muscovites, p.295 Modern Society of Rosicrucians, pp.295 sq. Order of the Eastern Star, p.296 Order of the Palladium, p.295 Star in the East
  • Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 p.330 - Independent Order of Zoroaster, Oriental Order of Zouaves, Oriental Order of Zoroaster, p.213 Alturian Order of Mysteries, p.329 Brotherhood of the Eternal Alliance, p.329 Brotherhood of the Kingdom, p.328 Community of Jesus, p.332 Crowned Republic, p.328 E-soter-ist of the West, p.329 Fifth Order of Melchizedek and Egyptian Sphinx, p.329 Grand Order of Galilean Fishermen, p.330 Independent Order of Zoroaster, p.330 Modern Order of Chaldeans, p.330 Modern Order of White Mahatmas, pp.331 sq. New Order of Builders, p.333 Order of Alfredians, p.330 Order of Athene, p.327 Order of St. Catherine of Mt. Sina, p.327 Order of the Omah Language, p.328 Rochester Brotherhood, p.334 Sons of Jonadab, pp.334 sq. Sons of Temperance, p.334 United Daughters of Rechab, p.327 Universal Order of Agnostics, p.332 Universal Republic or United States of Earth
  • Vol. XXVII #30 p.358 - Acacia
  • Vol. XXVII #32 Aug. 7, 1913 pp.374 sq. - Acacia, pp.372 sq. Military Order of the Serpent
  • Vol. XXVIII #13 March 26, 1913 p.155 - Acacia, pp.148 sq. Shriners, p.151 Eternal and Universal Brotherhood of Man, p.151 Order of the Amazons, p.151 Order of the Palladium, pp.149 sq., p.155 Sisterhood of Achoth, p.151 Society of Eden
  • Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914 p.358 - Hermetic Brotherhood of Light, pp.359 sq. Hermetic Fraternity, p.355 Shriners, p.357 Ancient Order of Emeth-Achaveth, p.359 Ancient Order of Oriental Magicians, pp.356 sq. Ancient Order of Zuzimites, p.355 Mysterious Order of Witches of Salem, pp.354 sq Mystic Order of veiled Prophets of the Enchanted Realm, p.358 Order of the Cross and the Serpent, p.359 Order of the Magi, p.359 Order of the Magian Masters, p.358 Order of the Mysteries of Isis, p.356 Society of the Universal Brotherhood of Mankind, p.357 Temple of Fraternity

Organizations mentioned only in La France Antimasonic

Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913


Vol. XXVIII #15 April 9, 1914


Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914



Organizations mentioned only in La France Antimasonic and Stevens

Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913




Organizations mentioned in La France Antimasonic and Stevens and others

  • Sons of Temperance - Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 pp.334 sq., Stevens pp.409 sq., Cyclopedia Americana


Organizations mentioned in La France Antimasonic and Baird


Organizations mentioned in La France Antimasonic and Revue Internationale des Societes Secrete

Vol. XXVII #32 Aug. 7, 1913 pp.374 sq.


Organizations mentioned in La France Antimasonic and Revue Internationale des Societes Secrete and others

Vol. XXVII #32 Aug. 7, 1913 pp.372 sq.

Mystical orders[edit]

Only from La France Antimaçonnique[edit]

Vol. XXVII #25 July 19, 1913 p.297

  • Star of the East - Preuss p.447 states that he knows nothing about it, other than that such a group was said to exist in the US in La France Antimaçonnique XXVII #25 July 19, 1913 p.297

Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913

  • Alturian Order of Mystics - p.10 the president of this group in 1913 L. A. Fealy of Cullman, Alabama; Preuss was unable to trace it. He quotes, presumably from La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 p.239 "A great system of education, practice and psychical which proposes to harmonize the exoteric with the esoteric and with the laws of happiness and life."
  • Order of Athene - Preuss p.347 states that this was a "society for those who believe in God...[and the] association of the elect". Its members were apparently interested in the fine arts. The order formerly published an organ The Machete ed. by George L. Thompson at Keene, New Hampshire. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 p.330
  • Independent Order of Zoroaster, Oriental Order of Zouaves, Oriental Order of Zoroaster - the former two merged to form the latter in 1897.[19] Preuss only states that Independent Order of Zoroaster merged with the Oriental Order of Zouaves to form the Oriental Order of Zoroaster in 1897, and they were secret societies. Cites La France Antimaçonnique XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 p.330[20] No "order of Zoroaster" mentioned in worldcat, no zouves either. Apparently mentioned in Preuss (1924), but not Schmidt (1979). Handful of hits on hathi. Not in cyclopedia.
  • Universal Order of Agnostics - f. 1896 by Dr. John M. Currier, it had 21 degrees divided into three sections or classes and its entrance requirements were supposed to be very rigid. Cites La France Antimaçonnique XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 p.327

Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914

  • Ancient Order of Emeth-achaveh - Preuss p.42 aka "Fraternity of Truth", f. Denver, Col. in 1898 by Franklin P. White; published a magazine called the Light of Kosmon Preuss was unable to trace it. La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914 p.357
  • Ancient Order of Oriental Magicians - Preuss p.46 "Supreme Temple" located in Chicago, claimed direct descent from the Pharaohs of Egypt, and had the "original chart of the Magi"; Preuss claims the group had some connection with the Order of the Magi. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914 p.359
  • Ancient Order of Zuzimites - "Imported from England to the US before the 1920s" claimed to have been founded in c.1903 BC. Worked 53 degrees, lodges called tents, headquarters supposedly in Liverpool, but had "disappeared" by the 1920s.[21] Worldcat lists their ritual and periodical, as well as an article in Historic magazine and notes and queries. Vol. 26 (1908). Preuss p.51 states pretty much everything from Azelrod. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914 pp.356 sq. Handful of hits on hathi. Not in cyclopedia.
  • Eternal and Universal Brotherhood of Mystics - Preuss p.116 states that this group used to publish The Mystic Magazine in Boston and quotes its mission statement. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVIII #13 March 26, 1914 p.151
  • Hermetic Brotherhood of Light- founded "on top of the highest edifice in the largest city of the US under the blue heaven, where Sol reigns supreme." Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914 p.358
  • Hermetic Fraternity - f.c.1884 in Chicago; purpose was to promote "Hermetic Philosophy"; it published a number of books on the subject; Dr. W. P. Phelon of San Francisco was its chief officer until his death in 1904; Preuss was unable to trace the group in Chicago or San Francisco and said it was probably extinct. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914 pp.359 sq.
  • Order of the Cross and the Serpent - Preuss pp.368-9 says that this group was founded by Peter Davidson who published The Morning Star at Loudsville, Georgia, was the author of The Book of Light and Life, and The Mistletoe and its philosophy which was trans. into French by Sedir, who also mentions Davidson in his Histoire de Rose Croix p.125. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914 p.358
  • Order of Elam - Preuss p.351 states that his group was founded at Louisville, Kentucky by a George Dunne aka Cyrus the Elamite. It worked six degrees. Preuss could not trace it. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914 p.356
  • Order of the Magian Masters - purported to be the oldest secret society in the world, founded thousands of years before Christ by the Holy Ghost. The grand registrar in 1896 was Ada Bartoni of Bloomington, Illinois [22] Preuss pp.377-8 says same, only adding that Ms. Bartons address was 807 S. Main St. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914 p.359 A number of hits on hathi. worldcat lists the "Arcane societies in the United States" article, which is also available one Hathi. Not in cyclopedia.
  • Temple of Fraternity - f.1896 in Syracuse, New York; worked eleven degrees; went out of existence in early 1900s; "studied occult and psychic phenomenon;Cites cyclopedia. [23] Preuss p.455 states that the group was founded in Syracuse, New York circa 1896. It had 11 degrees 7 were the "White fraternity" and four the "Temple". He repeats that they studied the occult and psychic phenomenon. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVIII #30 July 23, 1914 p.357

Only Stevens[edit]

  • Ancient Order of Osiris - Preuss p.46 summarizes Stevens p.8. Stevens cites an 1887 "history, objects and aims"; says that the order is governed by a "Surpreme Tribunal", dealt in the Lesser and Greater Mysteries, watchwords "Truth, Justice and Equity" and clothe the naked, feed the hungry, educate the orphan and "know each other and ourselves".
  • Brotherhood of the New Life Preuss p.78 summarizes Stevens pp. 16-7; basically it was a mystical religious communal sect that rejected monogamy.
  • Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor- Preuss p.171 summarizes Stevens p.97; could not trace the order; aka Isis Unveiled; claimed to be of "ancient, mystical and Oriental origin"; head of the "Exterior Circle" in America lives in IL according to Stevens; Preuss was not successful in tracing him or any other part of the Brotherhood
  • Order of the S.S.S. and Brotherhood of the Z.Z.R.R.Z.Z. - Preuss p.380 summarizes Stevens p.102. HQ for this country, in Boston. HQ in this country in Boston. Emblem incorporated three cobras, a swastika, two interlaced triangles and a Crux Ansata; they claimed to have a large white stone of great antiquity given to them from a Mexican chief.
  • Temple of Isis - Preuss pp.455-6 merely summarizes Stevens p.104. HQed at Chicago, monthly lectures on the Sphinx, Pyramids, Hermetic Teachings; much is made of the Tetragrammaton; leader was a man named Dr. W. P. Phelon; logo was a four winged Kneph surrounded by a cobra. Preuss was unable to trace the group.


Stevens and La France Antimaçonnique[edit]

  • Community of Jesus - Preuss p.97 says that this was a secret religious brotherhood that was active in San Francisco in 1913 Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 p.328; Stevens p.384 mentions a Commonwealth of Jesus active in San Francisco "It teaches organized Christan cooperation, in order to attain the highest development of the spiritual, mental and physical interest of humanity."
  • Crowned republic Preuss p.99 summarizes Stevens p.384; also cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 p.332; could not trace it
  • E-soter-ists of the West - Preuss p.116 quotes Stevens p.17 in full. Repeats speculation from La France Antimaçonnique that the word Soter, Savior, may have some significance. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 p.328
  • New Order of Builders - Preuss p.329 summarizes Stevens p.388. The only thing he doesn't take from Stevens is that the leader gave lectures and wrote books including The New Political Economy. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 p.331
  • Order of the Omah Language Preuss p. 378 summarizes Stevens p.101 who in turn cites Gould; basically a Washington, DC order that was dedicated to the primary language which man spoke with Yahweh. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 pp.327 sq.
  • Order of the Palladium - Preuss p.379 summarizes Stevens pp. 101-2, who in turn cites Gould. Order supposedly founded in 1730 introduced into the Us as Charleston, SC, remained dormant until mid-1880s. Published Free and Regenerated Palladium; males members called Adelphos and Companions of Ulissyes, females that of Penelope. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVII #25 June 19, 1913 p.296, Vol. XXVIII #13 March 26, 1914 p.151
  • Rochester Brotherhood - Preuss p.408 summarizes Stevens p.111; states that he had been told that the organization still existed "some years ago", but could not trace it. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 p.328
  • Universal Republic/United States of Earth - f. by George Prindle in McGregor, Iowa in 1896. Quotes Stevens about the groups goals to "establish universal brotherhood, where love truth and purity shall prevail to the utter exclusion of ignorance, want and crime." . Cites La France Antimaçonnique XXVII #28 July 10, 1913 p.332, Stevens p.401. Stevens does not say anything about Prindle or McGregor, but does say that it was an "alturia" created in Iowa in 1896.

Stevens, La France Antimaçonnique and other sources[edit]

  • Order of the Magi - Preuss p.377 presents somewhat garbled summary of Stevens p.101; also states that there was a book called The Religion of the Stars that set out the ideas of the order. Preuss was unable to trace it. Cites La France Antimaçonnique Vol. XXVIII #15 April 9, 1914; #30 July 23, 1914 p.359; Chicago Times-Herald July 26, 1896

Stevens, and other sources[edit]

  • Order of the Sufis - Preuss p.381 summarizes Stevens p.102 who in turn cites Gould. Adds that the leader of the sect Inzat Khan Pir O-Murshid visited the US in 1923 and claimed "the world is about to forget its strife and is about to enter into a new period of prosperity and tolerance." Cites Saint Louis Post Dispatch Dec. 23, 1923 Part III pp.1 and 3b


Other[edit]

  • Ancient Order of Muts (may not be entirely animal related) - Muts was both a figure from Egyptian mythology and stood for "Men United to Serve", but could it possible have meant mut in the usual sense? The order was founded in Portland Oregon and apparent adopted the pseudo-near eastern motif of the side orders - officers included Imperial Chief Mut, Ras Ma Taz, Neffer Kara Dam, Tol Et Yuh, Hiero glyph (secretary) and Koph Uptha Kash (treasurer).[24] f.1914 in Portland, Oregon; "Mut" said to stand both for "Men United to Serve" and ""the Egyptian goddess Mut, the sister, spouse, and divine consort of the Egyptian Sun-God and the mother of the Moon-goddess." Preuss has the same officers as Axelrod, but calls them the "Imperial Dynasty". The initiation was "a very secret process" and he was unable to get in tough with this society. Preuss cites The Comforter Portland, Oregon Vol. II #1 pp.8-12, June 1915; Fortnightly Review Vol. XXII #19 Oct. 1, 1915 p.579;[25] Mentioned couple of other places in hathi. Nothing in worldcat. (Not sure if this is not a joke)
  • Esoteric Brotherhood according to Preuss pp.115-6 F. in 1880s in Boston, moved to Applegate, California in 1895. Other than the names of the groups periodicals and publications and a long excerpt from one of their books there is not much information. Cites a letter from Secretary W. P. Pyle, Catalog for their publishing co. and prospectus for one of their books.
  • Vedanta Society - f.1894 by Swami Vivekananda; incorp in 1898; leader, as of 1923 was Swami Bodhananda; 1923 mem 100; hq 34 W. 71st Street (Manhattan) NYC; the group "is a religious body having for its objects: (1) To disseminate the ethics and religion of the Vedas through logic and reason; (2) To inculcate the One of the goal of all Religions; (3) To promote sympathy and harmony among all mankind on the basic principle of the Unity of Life and of God." Cites World Almanac 1923 p.397; A statement received from them in response to an inquiry May 1923
  • West Gate Brotherhood - Founded by Charles Mackay in Bridgton, Maine. Quotes alot of mumbo jumbo from his publications, as well as excepts from the encyclopedia of Freemasonry on the symbolic meaning of the gates the temple at Jerusalem. Unsure if it is the same Mackay. Preuss pp. 477-9 Cites West Gate Philosophy Book 1 Boston : Charles H. Mackay, 1900; The oracle : exponent of West Gate philosophy Sept 1898 vol. IV #3, Feb. 1899 Vol. IV #8, Aug. 1899 Vol. V #2, Aug 1905 Vol. XI #2, Encyclopedia of Freemasonry p.303, West Gate Catechism, Royal Law and Covenant of the West Gate Brothehood

New Encyclopedia of Social Reform[edit]

The following are only cited to the NESR in Preuss

Don't have articles yet

Already have articles

NESR and other sources[edit]

With literature/correspondence of the org

With Christian Science Monitor





  • Mormons - pp.782-4, Stevens pp.70-2, Christian Cynosure June 1914 XLVII #2 pp.39; Sept. 1923 Vol. LIV #5 pp.134-7, Chicago Standard, Chicago May 13, 1911


  • National Grange - pp.557 sq., Solon Buck The Granger movement; a study of agricultural organization and its political, economic, and social manifestations, 1870-1880, Christian Cynosure March 1918 pp.276 sq., Christian Science Monitor July 28, 1923 Vol. XV #296 p.3, Exposition of the Grange: Illustrated with engravings, showing the lodge room, signs, grips, etc., also, the initiation and funeral ceremonies and the constitution of the National Grange Ezra Cook 1891, Wesleyan Methodist Feb. 6 1918, Amerika (St. Louis German Catholic paper) daily ed. Dec. 4, 1914

Youth groups[edit]

  • Go-Hawks Happy Tribe - f.1913; James Whitcomb Riley was the "First Big Chief"; HQ, "Happyland" at Park St. Boston, 8, Mass.; organ in the Midwest was the Sunday page of the St. Louis Globe Democrat; motto "To make the world a happier place", pledge "I promise to help someone everyday. I will try to protect the birds, the dumb animals, trees and plants."; raised a "Million Penny Fund" to help children in Europe; also help kids in the US, send boxes of books and clothes to children in the "mountain districts" also helped kids who worked in mills, and who were blind.[28]
  • Lodge of Junior Conquerors - Preuss p.252 cites Fortnightly Review Vol. XXVIII #18 p.344 June 15, 1921; Christian Cynosure July 1921 Vol. LIV #3 p.78
  • Lone Scouts of America - Preuss pp.252-3 cites Fortnightly Review Vol. XXV #12 pp.182 sq. June 15, 1918; Christian Cynosure April 1917 pp.182 sq.
  • Modern Knights of St. Paul - f. 1917 in Detroit, as youth group for young me "saved" by Billy Sunday. Worked three degrees - Order of Jerusalem, Order of Damascus, Order of Rome.[29] Founder was D H. Jemison, a Meth. clergymen. "Parents were asked not to question the boys on their secret vows" according to Schmidt. Schmidt cites Preuss.[30] Preuss p.271 Cites Detroit News Jan. 29, 1917, Christian Cynosure March 1921 Vol. XLIX #11 pp.35 sq. Christian Cynosure April 1921 Vol. XLIX #12 p.360 Handful of mentions in hathi and archive.org.
  • Young Women's Christian Association - Founded in 1858 as the Ladies' Christian Union. In 1923 1,152 affiliated associations in the Us with 270 branches and 584,000 members. At that time it had real estate worth $25 million and budget in 1921 of $22 million gained from boarding houses, cafeterias etc. Headquarters in New York at 600 Lexington Ave. Provides boarding houses and meals at inexpensive prices for working girls, as well as classes on in "a variety of subjects". Includes English classes for foreign born and baby clinics. Voting and office holding membership limited to women members of Prot. Churches. [32]

Sunday School groups[edit]

  • Knot Hole Club - arrangement supervised by the Rotarians. Boys how signed a Knot Hole Club obligation agreed to attend Sunday School, not use coarse language, lead a clean life and be a rooter for the local baseball team. In return they paid 10 cents rather than the usual 25 cents to attend baseball games. Open to boys under 14, whites as well as blacks.[36]
  • Pilgrim Fraternity - a "Sunday school fraternity" mentioned in Christian Cynosure Vol. XLVII #10 Feb. 1915 p.306 [38]

Veterans/Heritage[edit]

  • American Legion - Cites Christian Science Monitor May 19, 1923 Vol. XV # 147 p.12; Saint Louis Globe Democrat April 23, 1923 p.1; Fellowship Forum Feb. 24, 1923 Vol. II #36 p.5; Statistics, Fraternal Societies 1923 p.234
  • Daughters of 1812 F. Jan. 8, 1892. Membership open to white women over 18 who had a lineal ancestor who served in the army, navy or civil service of the united States 1784-1815, or gave material aid to same, provided the applicant is acceptable to the society. Junior membership was available to those under 18, with the same requirements. National HQ is the residence of the current president, which, in 1923 was Mrs. Samuel Preston Davis, 532 East Capital Avenue, Little Rock.[40]
  • Society of American Wars of the United States F. 1897. Unique in that it was a lineage/veterans society for those who served in any war of the United States or English colonies. State Commanderies existed in Maine, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and the District of Columbia. Commandery in Chief meets annually in Washington. HQ at 314 Seventh Street, Washington, D.C. No secret features.[43]

Colonial[edit]

  • Pilgrim Society - Charter by Mass. state legislature in 1820 to create a monument to the Pilgrims, as well as Pilgrim Hall a meeting house, library and museum. conducts annual celebrations of the Pilgrims landing. Had 1,500 members in 1923.[48]

American Revolution[edit]

  • Daughters of the Cincinnati - F. 1894. Open to women who are descended from a member of the Society of the Cincinnati or a Revolutionary army or navy officer who died in the Revolutionary War. They assumed the name Cincinnati without the approval of the Society of the Cincinnati. Had 200 members in 1923. HQ at 1100 Park Avenue, New York.[51]
  • Society of the Cincinnati - Information given in Preuss is contradictory. According to him there was the first Order of the Cincinnati created immediately after the Revolution, but popular sentiment and its own moderate principles meant that it soon withered away. The revived Society of the Cincinnati was founded in 1893 according to the Encyclopedia Americana. However a printed statement from president general Winslow Warren, 214 Chamber of Commerce, Baltimore says the society was attending official events in Washington as early as 1885. In 1883 there were only 315 members, but this had risen to "ten hundred". The World Almanac gave the membership as 1,058.[52]

Civil War[edit]

Union[edit]

  • Grand Army of the Republic - Mostly a n excrept from their ritual and "service book"; states that "despite" its Freemason and Oddfellow lineage and religious overtones, some priests and bishops have praised it. Total membership in 1923 93,171; Cites Grand Army of the Republic...aus Gottes Wort beleuchttet Milwaukee, Wis: Northwest Publ. House (only copy at Concordia Seminary Library at St. Louis; Ritual of the G. A. R. Ezra Cook; Stevens pp.365-9; Christian Cynosure Oct 1915 Vol. XLVIII #6 p.179
  • Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War - Formed from cadet corps of the GAR in 1881 in Pittsburgh by A. P. Davis; open to male descendants of Union soldiers, sailors, marines on the Union side during the civil war; had a side degree known as the Ancient Order of Gophers.[55]

Confederate[edit]

  • United Daughters of the Confederacy - F. in 1894 in Nashville by a group of wives, sisters, mothers and daughters of ex-Confederate soldiers. Membership open to descendants of Conf. army, navy and civil service. Membership in 1923 was 75,000 in 35 states.[58]

Spanish American/ Philippine War[edit]

  • Military Order of the Serpent - Founded Cleveland 1904 by veterans of the Spanish American War. Branches are called Lairs. Officers include Supreme Gu Gu, Supreme Thrice Infamous Inferior Gu Gu, Supreme Lord High Keeper of the Sacred Amphora. Insignia are a Filipino cross bearing the arms of the US. Supposedly created to continue the Katipunan Society.[59]

WW1[edit]

  • Military Order of the World War - F. in Detroit in 1920, opened to commissioned men in the American and Allied armies. Constitution closely followed that of the American Legion, and was seen by Press as a competitor. Political Activity was prohibited within the order. Preuss p.269 Cites Fortnightly Review Nov. 1, 1920 Vol. XXVII #21 p.331
  • Toc H - Rehabilitation and veterans organization for those who fought in the First World War. Don't know if there is anything I can add to article from Preuss.[62]
  • Women's Overseas Service League - Overview, already added to article, Cites Christian Science Monitor June 14, 1923 Vol. XV # 168 p.3; June 16, 1923 Vol. XV # 170 p.3

Labor Union/Fraternal[edit]

Some mixed aspects of both

  • Knights of St. Crispin - shoe makers unions; 1867-73 the most powerful labor org in the country. 40,000 mem. Revived in 1875 in Mass to prevent an effort by the Lynn manufacturers to push an anti-union contract on employers; Whats What in the labor movement p.272, New Encyclopedia of Social Reform p.673
  • Molly Maguires - Cites Stevens pp.423-25, Whats What in the labor movement p.327, The Molly Maguires. The origin, growth, and character of the organization. By F. P. Dewees., The Fortnightly Review Sept. 1, 1916 Vol. XXIII #17 pp.260 sq.; Stevens cites American Federationist April 1897, in addition to DeWees

Religious[edit]

  • Mormons - Preuss cites NESR pp.782-4, Stevens pp.70-2, Christian Cynosure June 1914 XLVII #2 pp.39; Sept. 1923 Vol. LIV #5 pp.134-7, Chicago Standard, Chicago May 13, 1911
  • Society of the Illuminati - sect of Mormons led by James Strang. Auxiliary for men and women "The Covenant"; claim God declared that Strang be king of Beaver Island (Lake Michigan). He founded a settlement called St. James after himself, as well as a tabernacle. The settlement had a popo of 600. His reign lasted from 1850 to 1856 when Strang was killed by one of his followers whom he had whipped for not forcing his wife to wear bloomers, (there was an edict that all women in the Kingdom wear bloomers). Learning of the incident neighboring fishermen burned down the tabernacle and dispersed the Mormon population to Chicago and Milwaukee. Preuss pp.437-8 cites Stevens pp.102-3 (the first and second eds. are identical) which cites New York Sun Jan. 27, 1895 in an article dated Jan. 21 at Grand Rapids.
  • Stoneman Fellowship - according to the Chicago New World March 3, 1916 this was a group within the Protestant Episcopal Church that endeavored to turn adherents from other denominations to the PEC through underhand methods, promote high church "Catholic" policies within the PEC, but nevertheless was anti-Catholic. Preuss p.448
  • The Holy Ghost and us - sect founded by Frank Sandford; promised healing through prayer; set out to convert Africa with a number of followers on a ship; when it went off course they decided to go to Greenland to convert Eskimos. Six died of privation and Sandford was sent to jail in 1911. Preuss hadn't heard of him since he got out. Cites Fortnightly Review Feb. 1, 1912 Vol. XXIX #3 pp.65

Fascist[edit]

  • "Fascist" organizations mentioned by Axelrod, all based on the work of Albert Lantoine, Les sociétés secrètes actuelles en Europe et en Amérique - American Christian Defenders of New York, Christian American Crusade of Los Angeles, Christian Democrats of Dallas, Christian Protective League of Mobile, Alabama, Constitutional Christian Party of San Francisco, National Gentile League founded by Donald Shea, American Gentile Protective Association, American Gentile Youth League. All of these were cited from Lantoine pp.125-129[64]
    • American Christian Defenders - led by Eugene Nelson Sanctuary. His book on the Federal Council of Churches is on hathi Also mentioned in ADLs Organized anti-Semitism in America hereafter OASA; some other scattered references in hathi
    • American Christian Crusade - led by Martin Luther Thomas; handfull of their pamphlets on worldcat. Mentioned in OASA and scattered other places on hathi
    • Constitutional Christian Party - nothing in worldcat. Stetson Kennedy mentioned a group of the same name in Southern exposure. States that there is more info in Senate campaign finance investigation of 1944.
    • Worldcat has nothing on any of the above named "gentile" groups. Only one microfrom of How do we propose to send the Jew back? of the American Amalgamated Association of Gentiles by John A Van Valzah. Also a The Gentiles' review. by Universal Gentiles Club; The Gentiles review : only publication in America stating the truth 26 p.; Gentile news by Gentile Cooperative Association

KKK[edit]

Counter-Klan groups of the 1920s[edit]

  • Knights of the Flaming Circle - to my surprise an article has already existed since 2011. Maybe i can improve it. Axelrod article appears...inadequate, if not false. Perhaps Newton and Newton had better coverage. Scattered mentions in hathi, including Reuben Maury. Only things on Worldcat are a masters thesis already referenced on page, some novel called Hickory cured also this on Ohio Memory, if it ever load Transcript of evidence, Niles Riot, 1924. Apparently mentioned in Preuss (1924) and Schmidt (1979).
  • Knights of Liberty - as might be expected there are a number of groups with this name.According to Axelrod one was a French anti-Bourbon group that was founded in 1820 and merged with the Carbonari. The on I'm interested here was founded in 1923 in New York by former "Grand Goblin" Andrew J. Padon and had "a distinguished advisory board of clergymen, jurists and politicians."[65] Schmidt says Padon was opposed to the undesireable elements that the Klans was attracting in the early 1920s. Schmidt cites Preuess.[66] Worldcat indicates another one was apparently an anti-IWW group during the 1910s. Also groups in Philadelphia and Texas during the late 19th century. As indicated by the redirect, it was also used by Tabor, an Afro-American group. Apparently mentioned in Preuss (1924) and Schmidt (1979).
  • Knights of the Invisible Colored Kingdom - Founded in August 1923 in Chattanooga, Tennessee to counter the KKK and organize "male members of the Negro race grand and subordinate organizations and [teach] them the principles of good citizenship and political duties and possibilities."[67] Schmidt says same thing, cites Preuess.[68] Apparently mentioned in Preuss (1924). A scattering of other hits in hathi. Nothing in worldcat.
  • Order of Anti-Poke Noses- Founded in Searcy County, Arkansas in 1923 to "oppose any organization that attends attends to everyones business but their own."[69] Schmidt says same thing, cites Preuess.[70] Apparently mentioned in Preuss (1924). Nothing in worldcat. Scattered mentions in hathi, none of them in full view.
  • All-American Association - All Axelrod says is that it was anti-Klan and incorporated in Tenn. in 1923. He also includes a quote of their aims much like the above.[71] Apparently mentioned in Preuss (1924), but not Schmidt (1979). Is mentioned here

References[edit]

  1. ^ Preuss pp.406-7 Cites Fraternal Monitor Vol. XXXIV #3 Oct. 1923, adv. on second cover page
  2. ^ Preuss p.203
  3. ^ Preuss p.218
  4. ^ Preuss p.463 Preuss cites World Almanac 1923 ed. p.397
  5. ^ Axelrod p.17
  6. ^ Schmidt p.216
  7. ^ Axelrod p.13
  8. ^ Schmidt p.175
  9. ^ Preuss p.214-5
  10. ^ Axelrod p.169
  11. ^ Schmidt p.188
  12. ^ Preuss p.230
  13. ^ Preuss p.229
  14. ^ Preuss p.214
  15. ^ Preuss pp.102-3
  16. ^ Christian Cynosure Vol. XLVII #10 Feb. 1915 p.306
  17. ^ Preuss p.415
  18. ^ Axelrod p.164
  19. ^ Axelrod p.271
  20. ^ Preuss p.194
  21. ^ Axelrod p.271
  22. ^ Axelrod p.169
  23. ^ Schmidt p.331
  24. ^ Axelrod p.177
  25. ^ Preuss pp.45-6
  26. ^ Preuss p.152
  27. ^ Preuss p.152
  28. ^ Preuss p.153
  29. ^ Axelrod p.173
  30. ^ Schmidt p.218
  31. ^ Preuss p.395 cites Rosen Catholic Church and secret societies p.184, but actually pp.196-7
  32. ^ Preuss pp.498-9. Cites World Almanac 1923 p.401, Catholic Encyclopedia, Supplementary Vol. pp.781-3
  33. ^ Christian Cynosure Vol. XLVIX #11 March 1917 p.335
  34. ^ Preuss p.232
  35. ^ Preuss p.219
  36. ^ Preuss p.241 Cites The Rotarian Vol. XXII #4 pp.206
  37. ^ Preuss p.396 cites Christian Cynosure Vol. XLVII Sept. 1914 #5 p.139; Vol. XLVII #10 Feb. 1915 p.306, 317; Washington Evening Star June 27, 1914
  38. ^ Preuss p.396
  39. ^ Preuss pp.479-80
  40. ^ Preuss pp.320-1 Apparently cites letter from Corresponding Secretary of local chapter
  41. ^ Preuss p.353 cites World Almanac 1923 p.394
  42. ^ Preuss p.353 cites World Almanac 1923 p.393
  43. ^ Preuss p.435-6 cites propaganda leaflet from Recorder General Milo C. Summers June 1923
  44. ^ Preuss p.473-4 cites and apparently quotes from, unnamed propaganda pamphlet
  45. ^ Preuss p.92 cites World Almanac 1923 p.392
  46. ^ Preuss pp.92-3 cites literature sent to him from Miss E. Frye Barker, Founder and Governor General
  47. ^ Preuss p.353 cites Constitution and by-laws 1920, letter from Miss Mary Florence Taney June 1923
  48. ^ Preuss p.463 cites World Almanac 1923 p.395, Pilgrim Society, 1820
  49. ^ Preuss p.435 cites nothing
  50. ^ Preuss p.435-6 cites World Almanac 1923 p.394, and letter from Librarian A. H. Albes Aug. 23 1923
  51. ^ Preuss p.436-7 cites World Almanac 1923 p.392, Stevens p.372
  52. ^ Preuss p.436-7 cites World Almanac 1923 p.391, 'Encyclopedia Americana Vol. IV, Stevens pp.241, 311, 325, 370, 372 sq., Society of the Cincinnati by Marcus Benjamin, History of the United States under the Constitution Vol. 1 rev. ed. by James Schouler
  53. ^ Pruess p.349
  54. ^ Preuss p.463 cites World Almanac 1923 p.394, 398
  55. ^ Preuss p.445 Statistics, Fraternal Societies p.235, Stevens pp.374 sq., Christian Cynosure May 1913 Vol. XLVI #1 p.25, Fortnightly Review May 15, 1919 Vol. 10 p.148
  56. ^ Preuss p.483 cites Statistics, Fraternal Societies p.235
  57. ^ Preuss p.463 cites World Almanac 1923 p.392, Statistics, Fraternal Societies p.236
  58. ^ Preuss p.463 cites letter from R. D. Wright of Newberry, South Carolina dated June 6, 1923
  59. ^ Preuss p.268 cites Fortnightly Review March 15, 1913 Vol. XX #6 pp.178 sq. Revue Internationale des Societes Secrete April 20, 1913 p.1124, May 20, 1913 p.1708; La France Antimasonique Vol. XXVII #32 Aug. 7, 1913 pp.372 sq.; Monitor Newark, New Jersey Vol, XV #11 p.
  60. ^ Christian Cynosure March 1913 Vol. XLVII #11 p.330; Sept. 1917 Vol. L #5 pp.129-31; Aug. 1923 Vol. LVI #4 p.106
  61. ^ Preuss p.374 Citec Omaha World-Herald Nov. 24, 1918; Christian Cynosure Feb. 1919 Vol. LI #10 p.294
  62. ^ Preuss p.458-9 cites Cassell's Weekly Aug. 1, 1923 #21, The Torch of Toc H London, 1922, Introducing Toc H, letter from Hon. General Secretary Aug. 31, 1923, quotes Punch
  63. ^ Preuss pp.470-1 Cites Fraternal Monitor Feb. 1923 Vol. XXXIII #7 p.10
  64. ^ Axelrod p.85
  65. ^ Axelrod p.152
  66. ^ Schmidt p.181
  67. ^ Axelrod p.156
  68. ^ Schmidt p.190
  69. ^ Axelrod p.21
  70. ^ Schmidt p.44
  71. ^ Axelrod pp.6-7
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