User:Benjah-bmm27/degree/1/JPR

Chemical energy, JPR

"Chemical Energy"

• Chemical thermodynamics
• Gas laws for ideal gases:
  • Boyle's law: $pV={\text{constant}}$
  • Charles's law: $V/T={\text{constant}}$
  • Gay-Lussac's law: $p/T={\text{constant}}$
  • Combined gas law: $pV/T={\text{constant}}$
  • Avogadro's law: $V/n={\text{constant}}$
  • Combine the above to get the ideal gas law: $pV=nRT$
• Laws of thermodynamics:
  • Flanders and Swann: First and Second Law
  • Zeroth law of thermodynamics: thermal equilibrium, thermodynamic temperature, absolute zero
  • First law of thermodynamics: conservation of energy, heat is a form of energy
  • Second law of thermodynamics: the entropy of the universe always increases, entropy (arrow of time), Boltzmann's entropy formula: $S=k\ln w$
  • Third law of thermodynamics: the entropy of a system tends to zero at 0 K
• Entropy, S
• Second law of thermodynamics
• Boltzmann constant
• Energy:
  • Heat and work
  • Internal energy, U
  • Gibbs energy, G
  • Enthalpy, H
• Chemical potential, μ
• Thermochemistry: standard enthalpy change of formation, heat of combustion, bond energy, Hess cycles
• Phase transitions: enthalpy of fusion, enthalpy of vaporization