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User:Big Daddy Lava Tornado/1999 Luzon earthquake

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Article Evaluation

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This is an evaluation of the 1999 Luzon earthquake page 1999 Luzon earthquake. It is classifies as a stub page and is very brief.

The lead section is the only section, it has a good intro sentence that is very precise and gives basic information about the earthquake. I would like to expand it and tell more of the story in the lead section as well as provide an outline for the rest of the page.

information pertaining to the effects of the earthquake should be added in regards to specifically what measures were taken to restore the community and how the affected individuals have been treated. How did the government respond to the situation to aid this issue is one piece of information I would reference.

Content-The content that this article has is correct and taken from a good source. I can definitely expand on the article and include more info on the earthquakes timeline, its causes, and its effect on the local geography. We can also expand on the damage it did to surrounding areas, the loss of life, and the human response to the event. This article did not address topics related to historically underrepresented groups.

Tone and balance where well maintained and going forward group j needs to maintain that balance by having many sources and not leaning into any biases in the community surrounding this event.

Sources were good but there weren't that many so we should try and find as many as possible to help maintain the balance talked about earlier.

Organization - we should find better rated articles about other earthquakes and determine what a good layout is so that the new information we find can be in the well developed, coherent sections. The organization of this page is as good as can be expected for a few sentences.

Images and media are lacking in this article this is a good opportunity to find some descriptive images and add them to the article relating to the earthquakes seismic patterns as well as pictures of the area where it occurred and pictures of the result.

Not a lot of talk page discussion has occurred as of yet.

Overall impressions is that there is a lot of room for improvement on this bare bones article and group j will have plenty to work on and make this a good article moving forward.


Article Draft

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Lead - this is the lead of the current article

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"A Mw7.3 earthquake struck the northern coast of Zambales on December 12, 1999. The earthquake killed six people and injured 40 in Zambales, Pangasinan, and Metro Manila. The earthquake was a result of the movement of the Manila Trench.[1] The quake also caused power interruptions in the region." - 1999 Luzon earthquake.


Who- Philippines, Luzon, Central Luzon, Closest cities where; Bolitoc (15km ese), santa cruz (18.1 km e), Masinloc (34.1 km se), Amungan (50.4 km sse), bagiuo (116.4 km ne)[2]

how for did quake reach did people in bagoiu feel it?

what- Magnitude 7.3 earthquake (what kind?, Tsunami?)[2]

when- 1999-12-11 18:03:36 (UTC), (what about local time?)[2]

where- 15.766°N 119.740°E 33.0 km depth[2]

why- Philippine Sea plate - borders the Pacific, Eurasia plates (big) and small Sunda plate

Almost all the border of the Philippine sea plate is convergent.

from luzon to celebs island there is an oblique convergence between the Sunda plate and the Phillipine sea plate that is very active.

east luzon trough subduction zone[2]

Article body

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we will add an impact subsection to the article

Impact

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earthquake sequence - which shock affected what.

  • The main quake lasted for more than 20 seconds and was followed by a series of aftershocks[3]

urban impact

  • Impact in Manila
    • "Power was knocked out in much of the city and surrounding areas as safety devices tripped at five power plant"[4]
    • "A 13-year-old boy sleeping in a public market in Iba in Zambales province was seriously injured when a steel roof beam fell on him"
    • " A crane toppled off the seventh floor of a building under construction causing the operator to be injured." [5]

country side impact

political impact

local population impact


- How many lives were affected

At least 6 people died in the earthquake and 40 were injured in Zambales and Pangasinam and Manila, (how many people live in these provinces combined?) The Zambales' and Pangasinam's infrastructure, like bridges and water pumping stations, was also damaged to a minor extent, and many hotels and hospitals had to be evacuated[4], 30 houses and two churches in Zambales were also damaged.[6]In Manila several government buildings were damaged including the Department of public work and highways. [7](was luzon better prepared due to the 1990 earthquake same region?) [8]. Power outages continued for 33 hours past the original earthquake in various parts of Manila.[3] Raymundo Punongbayan, director of the Philippine Institute of Vulcanology and Seismology, said that the damage to structures was minimal due to the quake's hypocenter being offshore and over 60 kilometers underground. [7]This is the second earthquake with a magnitude of 7 to hit the area in 10 years with a 7.7M earthquake having occurred in 1990 which killed 2000 people.[4]

- What damage was caused to the landscape

- How was the situation treated

Reaction and Response

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Compared to the devastating 7.8 M earthquake that occurred in Luzon in 1900, which caused over 2,400 deaths and over $695,000 (USD) in damage, the 1999 Luzon earthquake, caused substantially less damage while being of similar magnitudes.[9]The earthquake caused moderate destruction to buildings and other infrastructures near the epicenter and surrounding areas. There were few casualties and injuries from the event and most of the population received little to no harm from this high magnitude earthquake.[10] Of the six fatalities, only two occurred due to fallen debris while the other four were due to elderly people experiencing heart attacks.[11]

Damage from the 1999 Luzon Earthquake

The government took measures to spread awareness to its citizens and enforce individuals to relocate to safer environment as a result of destructive earthquakes that occurred in the years prior. [12]Philippines Defence Secretary Orlando S. Mercado attributed the minimal damages and casualties to the government's disaster preparedness program. The Philippine government implemented routine fire and earthquake drills in hospitals and other public establishments following the devastating 1999 Jiji earthquake that occurred earlier that year.[11] As a result many took shelter and were able to secure locations where they would be more equipped to the earthquake.[12]

Luzon as seen from above. Photo from aboard the international space station.



Many citizens and individuals struggled to recover from the tragic event. The people received much treatment from organizations such as UNICEF but took a few months to return to somewhat normal living conditions. The aid of outside groups and countries served a great help to the country in aiding the majority of the population.

- What was done beforehand to bring awareness of the earthquake:


- How devastating was the magnitude of the earthquake:

The magnitude of the earthquake was 7.3 which is rated fairly high on the scale.

- Did the earthquake lead to other cascading events such as fires, tsunamis, landslides, etc.

- Economical costs to repair certain areas

- Jellyfish caused blackout across entire island of Luzon two days before earthquake on December 10th[1]

  • Power companies blamed the failure on large numbers of jellyfish sucked into a plant's sea water cooling system.[4]
  • That plunged 40 million people into darkness, and raised fears of a military coup. [13]
    • Clean-up crews pulled 50 truckloads of jellyfish from the water intake line on a coal-fired power plant.
    • Jellyfish were sucked into the cooling system of the 1,000-megawatt Sual coal-fired plant in Pangasinan, north of Manila.[14]

- Were any measures taken to help prevent the scale of the impact in the future

Tectonic Setting

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where

what plates

what kind of fault

what caused fault

will it happen again?

where will it happen if it happens again

References

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  1. ^ a b Writer, JIM GOMEZAssociated Press. "Strong earthquake hits Philippines". Arizona Daily Sun. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  2. ^ a b c d e earthquake.usgs.gov https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0009jr8/executive. Retrieved 2021-10-01. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ a b "Philippines - Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 2 - Philippines". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  4. ^ a b c d "Powerful earthquake strikes Phillipines". www.iol.co.za. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  5. ^ Writer, JIM GOMEZAssociated Press. "Strong earthquake hits Philippines". Arizona Daily Sun. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  6. ^ "Asian Disaster Reduction Center（ADRC）". www.adrc.asia. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
  7. ^ a b "Earthquake drills minimize casualties in Philippine tremor - Philippines". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2021-10-13.
  8. ^ "Philippines - Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 2 - Philippines". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
  9. ^ "Luzon Earthquake, 1990 - Countries & Disasters - International Recovery Platform". www.recoveryplatform.org. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  10. ^ "Philippines - Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 2 - Philippines". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  11. ^ a b "Earthquake drills minimize casualties in Philippine tremor - Philippines". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  12. ^ a b "Philippines - Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 2 - Philippines". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  13. ^ "Jellyfish Blackouts | Science and the Sea". www.scienceandthesea.org. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  14. ^ "ASIANOW - Asiaweek | Business: Up from the Ocean | 12/24/99". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
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