User:Buidhe/Jewish Code (Slovakia)
The Jewish Code (Slovak: Židovský kódex; officially nariadenie č. 198/1941 Slov. z. o právnom postavení Židov, roughly "Regulation No. 198/1941 on the legal status of the Jews")[1] was a set of anti-Jewish regulations passed by the Slovak State on 9 September 1941.
Background[edit]
Contents[edit]
The Jewish Code was based on the Nuremberg Laws and contained 270 anti-Jewish articles. The code defined Jews in terms of ancestry, banned intermarriage, and required that all Jews over six years old wear a yellow star. The Jewish Code excluded Jews from public life, forbidding them from traveling at certain times, using radios or phones, shopping at certain hours, or belonging to clubs or organizations.[2] In addition, Jews had to pay a 20 percent tax on all property.[3] The law enabled the Central Economic Office to force Jews to change their residence.[4] The president could issue exemptions protecting individual Jews from the law.[2] Employed Jews were initially exempt from some of the code's requirements, such as wearing the star.[5]
Reactions and effects[edit]
Slovak propaganda boasted that the Jewish Code was the strictest set of anti-Jewish laws in Europe.[2][6] The racial definition of Jews was criticized by the Catholic Church, and converts were eventually exempted from some of the requirements.[7][8]
Legacy[edit]
In October 2001 Slovakia designated 9 September (the anniversary of the passage of the law) as Holocaust Victims and Racial Hatred Day (Slovak: Pamätný deň obetí holokaustu a rasového násilia).[9][10]
Denník N described the code as "one of the most shameful pieces of legislation that was ever passed in our country".[11]
References[edit]
- ^ Makyna, Pavol. "9. september 1941 – vydanie tzv. Židovského kódexu (nariadenia č. 198/1941 Slov. z. o právnom postavení Židov)". National Memory Institute. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- ^ a b c Rajcan, Vadkerty & Hlavinka 2018, p. 846.
- ^ Hutzelmann 2018, p. 29.
- ^ Hilberg 2003, p. 775.
- ^ Hilberg 2003, p. 774.
- ^ Kamenec 2007, p. 164.
- ^ Paulovičová 2012, pp. 260–262.
- ^ Ward 2013, p. 226.
- ^ Slovenské národné múzeum 2018.
- ^ Paulovičová 2013, p. 573.
- ^ Kern, Miro (9 September 2016). "Pred 75 rokmi u nás prijali hanebný Židovský kódex, pozrite si, čo obsahoval". Denník N (in Slovak). Retrieved 19 February 2020.
patrí k najhanebnejším právnym predpisom, ktoré na našom území vznikli
Further reading[edit]
- Nešťáková, Denisa; Nižňanský, Eduard (2016). "Regulating of Sexual Relations between Jews and non-Jews by Ordinance Number 198/1941 Coll. of Slovak Laws in Times of the Slovak State". Judaica et Holocaustia. VII: 89–118.
External links[edit]
- Full text (Slovak)