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Statistics

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Order Monotremata

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Family Ornithorhynchidae

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Picture Common Name Name Map Habitat Behavior Reproduction Status
Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus (red-native; yellow-introduced) small streams and rivers; tropical rainforests; digs resting and nesting burrows and home territory semiaquatic; electrolocation; males possess defensive venomous spur single breeding season, mating between June and Oct; lays 1-3 eggs, in utero for about 28 days, about 10 days of external incubation; suckles for 3-4 months near threatened

Family Tachyglossidae

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Picture Common Name Name Map Habitat Behavior Reproduction Status Traits
Short-beaked Echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus forested areas near termites; uncleared scrub; grassland, arid areas, outer suburbs; no home territory or fixed shelter solitary; typically diurnal, crepuscular or nocturnal in warm weather; regulates body temperature and swims; hibernation; wraps into a ball seeks a mate between May and Sept; courtship rituals and cloaca; 1 egg; gestation between 21 and 28 days after copulation least concern
Sir David's Long-beaked Echidna Zaglossus attenboroughi Cyclops Mountain forest; burrows solitary; nocturnal; rolls into a ball when threatened mates in July; lays eggs after about 8 days, and young stay in pouch for around 8 weeks or until spines develop critically endangered smallest echidna, male larger than female; spurs on hind legs
Eastern Long-beaked Echidna Zaglossus bartoni mainly nocturnal; tropical hill forests; sub-alpine forests; upland grasslands; scrub rolls into a ball for defense lays eggs; cloaca vulnerable distinctive: 5 claws on fore feet, 4 claws on hind feet
Western Long-beaked Echidna Zaglossus bruijni (green-extant; orange-possibly extinct) prefers alpine meadow and humid montane forests lays eggs critically endangered eats earthworms unlike the short-beaked echidna that eats ants and termites; distinctive: three claws on fore and hind feet, rarely four; largest extant monotreme

Infraclass Marsupialia

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Order Didelphimorphia (Opossums)

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Picture Common Name Name Map Habitat Behavior Reproduction Status Traits
Derby's Woolly Opossum Caluromys derbianus deciduous and moist evergreen forests; nests made of dead leaves in upper reaches of trees nocturnal; arboreal; solitary sexually mature by 7-9 months; estrus cycle nearly 28 days long; males seen pursuing females before copulation; litter ranges from 1-6 least concern largest Caluromys species
Brown-eared Woolly Opossum Caluromys lanatus humid tropical forests; plantations; mangrove and xerophytic forests; cerrado and pantanal nocturnal; generally solitary, but seen foraging in pairs estrus cycle is 27-29 days long; females develop a pouch prior to carrying young; litter ranges from 1-4 least concern comparatively large braincase
Bare-tailed Woolly Opossum Caluromys philander subtropical forests, rainforests, secondary forests; plantations; constructs nests in tree cavities nocturnal; solitary gestation lasts 25 days; litter is 1-7; young exit pouch after 3 months, weaning occurring a month later least concern longest gestation of all didelphomorphs; male activity studied to change with the extent of moonlight
Black-shouldered Opossum Caluromysiops irrupta humid forests; high branches nocturnal; arboreal litter is 1-2 least concern broad black stripes; shorter rostrum and larger molars than Caluromys species
Chacoan Pygmy Opossum Chacodelphys formosa near threatened smallest known species of didelphid; differs from all other members of the "marmosine" genera in having a long third manual digit, no distinctly tricolored pelage, a long fourth pedal digit, and a tail shorter than head-body
Water Opossum (Yapok) Chironectes minimus found in and near freshwater streams and lakes; bankside burrows semiaquatic; emerges after dusk mates in Dec, with 1-5 young born 12-14 days later; at 48 days old, young detach from the nipples, but still nurse and sleep with the mother least concern only living marsupial in which both sexes have a pouch (the Thylacine also exhibited this trait); most aquatic-living marsupial, with broad webbed hind feet and short, dense, water-repellent fur; does not possess a cloaca like other didelphids
Agricola's Gracile Opossum Cryptonanus agricolai caatinga and cerrado data deficient
Chacoan Gracile Opossum Cryptonanus chacoensis seasonally flooded grasslands and forests in an near Gran Chaco least concern
Guahiba Gracile Opossum Cryptonanus guahybae presumed to inhabit subtropical forests data deficient
Unduavi Gracile Opossum Cryptonanus unduaviensis been found in seasonally flooded grassland data deficient
White-eared Opossum Didelphis albiventris habitat generalist, changing habitat depending on its breeding season; open areas, mountains, and deciduous and humid forests terrestrial; sometimes arboreal least concern
Big-eared Opossum (Saruê) Didelphis aurita least concern
Guianan White-eared Opossum Didelphis imperfecta least concern
Common Opossum Didelphis marsupialis found in tropical and subtropical forest, both primary and secondary, but can also live in fields and cities; uses a wide range of nest sites mainly nocturnal and terrestrial, with some arboreal exploration and nesting; usually solitary 5-9 young between 1 and 3 times per year least concern their ability to digest almost anything edible gives them a broader range than a human
Andean White-eared Opossum Didelphis pernigra least concern
Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana woodlands; swamps; cities nocturnal; solitary; feigns death by "playing possum" for defense breeding season can begin as early as Dec and continue through Oct with most young born between Feb and June; male attracts female by making clicking sounds with its mouth; may have 1-3 litters per year, consisting of up to 20-50 young, only 13 of which who will reach the mother's 13 teats and survive; young reside in pouch for about 2 1/2 months before climbing onto the mother's back, leaving her after about 4 or 5 months least concern possesses opposable, clawless thumbs on the rear limbs; has 50 teeth, more than any other North American land mammal; has been found to be very resistant to snake venom; has one of the lowest encephalization quotients of any marsupial
Bushy-tailed Opossum Glironia venusta been captured in heavy, humid tropical forests arboreal; nocturnal; solitary least concern
Aceramarca Gracile Opossum Gracilinanus aceramarcae tropical elfin forest mostly arboreal, but it may forage for food on the ground least concern
Agile Gracile Opossum Gracilinanus agilis Brazilian cerrado; evergreen and gallery forests; moist woodland nocturnal; arboreal; reported to be an adept climber, with nests made of vegetation, one containing 7 individuals reported to have up to 12 young least concern
Wood Sprite Gracile Opossum Gracilinanus dryas subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests least concern
Emilia's Gracile Opossum Gracilinanus emiliae data deficient
Kalinowski's Mouse Opossum Hyladelphys kalinowskii subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests least concern
Northern Gracile Opossum Gracilinanus marica subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests least concern
Brazilian Gracile Opossum Gracilinanus microtarsus rainforests and partly deciduous forests; also been found in artificial plantations; individuals inhabit a home range whose size depends on habitat nocturnal; solitary; arboreal females come into estrus once a year, between Aug and Sept; litters of up to 12 young are born during the wet season, when food is plentiful; weaned by 3 months of age, offspring reach sexual maturity within a year of birth least concern prehensile, scaly tail that does not store fat as it does in some related species; female typically has 15 teats, but the exact number can vary
Patagonian Opossum Lestodelphys halli believed to only be able to live in the Patagonian steppe least concern occurs further south, in Argentina, than any other living marsupial; the upper molars are narrow in size, compared to any of the other living opossums; the shortage of fruits and insects in southern regions has led this species to feed on mainly birds and mice, one caught using a dead bird as bait
Lutrine Opossum Lutreolina crassicaudata grasslands and savanna grasslands near water; gallery woodlands with permanent water bodies; marshy or riparian habitats; builds tight nests made of grass and reeds or utilizes abandoned armadillo or viscacha burrows nocturnal and crepuscular; terrestrial, but excellent swimmers and climbers breeding begins in Sept and carries on until April followed by approx. 5 months of anestrous; two breeding periods per year resulting in litters of 7-11 offspring, born in Sept and either Dec or Jan; gestation lasts approx. 2 weeks and young are weaned at around 3 months; males likely compete for mates least concern long weasel-like body with short legs and no undulation of the vertebral column, disqualifying them from being categorized as a specialized semi-aquatic mammal
Alston's Mouse Opossum Marmosa alstoni forests nocturnal; arboreal least concern
Heavy-browed Mouse Opossum Marmosa andersoni forests nocturnal and probably arboreal data deficient large thin ears to provide acute hearing; each foot has five digits and the big toe on the hind foot is opposable
White-bellied Woolly Mouse Opossum Marmosa constantiae moist tropical forests, often near the boundary with drier habitats; montane forests nocturnal; solitary; arboreal little is known, but it appears to breed throughout the year, and mothers have been captured with up to 7 young attached to their teats least concern one of the largest mouse opossums; thick and woolly fur; narrow black eye rings; as with all mouse opossums, females do not have a pouch, but this species has 15 teats arranged in a circle, more than in any of its closest relatives
Woolly Mouse Opossum Marmosa demerarae least concern
Isthmian Mouse Opossum Marmosa isthmica forages along branches and vines supposed to be similar to the Robinson's Mouse Opossum
(above) Rufous Mouse Opossum Marmosa lepida lowland tropical rainforest least concern
Mexican Mouse Opossum Marmosa mexicana primary and secondary forest, including lowland tropical rainforest, and dry deciduous and cloud forest; plantations; grassland; likely constructs nests in burrows and trees nocturnal; solitary; primarily arboreal least concern black eye rings that vary in intensity based on the region of the individual; forepaws provide powerful burrowing skills
Quechuan Mouse Opossum Marmosa macrotarsus montane forest on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru least concern
Linnaeus's Mouse Opossum Marmosa murina often near forest streams and human habitation; shelters in a mesh of twigs on a tree branch or in a tree hole, or in an old bird's nest nocturnal; will "play possum" for defense gestation is approx. 13 days; litter is 5-10 least concern
Tate's Woolly Mouse Opossum Marmosa paraguayana primary and secondary forest, including forest fragments with grassland arboreal least concern
Little Woolly Mouse Opossum Marmosa phaea primarily lowland rainforest and montane cloud forest; reported in dry forest in southern range nocturnal; mainly solitary; arboreal vulnerable
Bare-tailed Woolly Mouse Opossum Marmosa regina tropical rainforest in westernmost Amazon Basin and eastern Andes foothills least concern
Robinson's Mouse Opossum Marmosa robinsoni lowland and montane moist forests; lowland dry forests; mangroves; savannas; xeric shrublands appears to be solitary in the wild, but captivity showed the formation of social hierarchies; first appears at sunset and is active intermittently until sunrise; likely often switches nests gestation is 14 days; litter is 6-14; young remain attached to the mother's mammae for around 30 days least concern black facial mask that varies in size according to the region of the individual; feet are modified for grasping with pads and an opposable hallux
Red Mouse Opossum Marmosa rubra data deficient
Tyler's Mouse Opossum Marmosa tyleriana rainforests of the Guiana Highlands of southern Venezuela data deficient
Guajira Mouse Opossum Marmosa xerophila vulnerable
Bishop's Slender Opossum Marmosops bishopi arboreal least concern
Narrow-headed Slender Opossum Marmosops cracens data deficient
Creighton's Slender Opossum Marmosops creightoni Andean cloud forests data deficient
Dorothy's Slender Opossum Marmosops dorothea least concern
Dusky Slender Opossum Marmosops fuscatus data deficient
Handley's Slender Opossum Marmosops handleyi critically endangered
Tschudi's slender opossum Marmosops impavidus least concern
Gray Slender Opossum Marmosops incanus least concern
Panama Slender Opossum Marmosops invictus found in tropical rainforest, including disturbed areas mostly terrestrial in its habits least concern
Junin Slender Opossum Marmosops juninensis Andean montane forests vulnerable
Neblina Slender Opossum Marmosops neblina least concern
White-bellied Slender Opossum Marmosops noctivagus least concern
Delicate Slender Opossum Marmosops parvidens moist primary tropical rainforest nocturnal; partially arboreal least concern
Brazilian Slender Opossum Marmosops paulensis moist montane forest breeding appears to be fully semelparous, unusual for a mammal least concern
Pinheiro's Slender Opossum Marmosops pinheiroi least concern
Brown Four-eyed Opossum Metachirus nudicaudatus different forested habitats; builds nests made of leaves and twigs in tree branches or under rocks and logs nocturnal; solitary; strongly terrestrial seasonally polyestrous; litter varies from 1-9 least concern white spot over each eye
Sepia Short-tailed Opossum Monodelphis adusta forests; grasslands; lives in tree holes nocturnal least concern distinctive member of its genus for its lack of streaks on its trunk
Northern Three-striped Opossum Monodelphis americana least concern
Northern Red-sided Opossum Monodelphis brevicaudata typically in mature, secondary rainforest; plantations or gardens; not as often found in dry deciduous forests; reside in shrubby areas with lots of vegetation; found in hollows of trees nocturnal and crepuscular; poor climbers and stay on the forest floor polygynous and become sexually mature at around 4-5 months; breeding season is typically from May to Aug; males may be violent and fight for territory and mates; litter is 7, and healthy females can have 4 litters per year; mothers care for young for about 50 days, the young riding on her back when old enough least concern pouch not as developed as in other marsupials; the shape of the urethral grooves of the males' genitalia is used to distinguish between the Gray Short-tailed Opossum and the Northern Three-striped Opossum
Yellow-sided Opossum Monodelphis dimidiata marshy grasslands shows a variety of behaviors used in social contexts, including male-to-male agonistic rituals, and a variety of vocalizations whose significance is yet to be further investigated suspected to be a once-in-a-lifetime breeder least concern thought to be a miniature analog to the marsupial sabertooths Thylacosmilus, possessing one of the largest canines of any marsupial relative to body size and was proposed as a living model to test hypotheses about hunting strategies of the extinct predators
Gray Short-tailed Opossum Monodelphis domestica rainforest; scrubland; agricultural and urban land; each individual occupies a 1,200 to 1,800 square meter home range nocturnal; solitary sexually mature at 5-6 months of age; breeds year round with suitable climate, raising up to 6 litters of 6-11 young each during a good year; females only come into oestrus when exposed to male pheromones; gestation lasts 14 days; young stay attached to teats for 2 weeks, and are weaned at 8 weeks least concern proportionately shorter tail than in some other opossums; it was the first marsupial to have its genome sequenced
Emilia's Short-tailed Opossum Monodelphis emiliae least concern
Amazonian Red-sided Opossum Monodelphis glirina Amazon rainforest nocturnal; primarily nonarboreal least concern
Ihering's Three-striped Opossum Monodelphis iheringi data deficient
Pygmy Short-tailed Opossum Monodelphis kunsi variety ranging from forested or wooded areas, to dry Cerrado savannahs, and Amazonian rainforest terrestrial least concern considered a smaller species within didelphids; less protruded rostrum than some other opossums
Marajó Short-tailed Opossum Monodelphis maraxina endemic to the Amazon River delta region data deficient
Osgood's Short-tailed Opossum Monodelphis osgoodi subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest; subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland least concern
Hooded Red-sided Opossum Monodelphis palliolata tropical rainforest; been seen in areas under cultivation primarily nonarboreal least concern
Reig's Opossum Monodelphis reigi initially found in montane forest in Canaima National Park, Venezuela in the Sierra de Lema vulnerable
Ronald's Opossum Monodelphis ronaldi known only from Manú National Park, Peru, where it inhabits the Amazon rainforest least concern
Chestnut-striped Opossum Monodelphis rubida crepuscular; terrestrial data deficient
Gnome Opossum Monodelphis saci lowland rainforests along the south bank of the Brazilian Amazon reddish heads, hence the name
(below) Long-nosed Short-tailed Opossum Monodelphis scalops least concern
Southern Red-sided Opossum Monodelphis sorex terrestrial unlike most marsupials, the female has no pouch, so young cling to her nipples and then ride on her back and flanks when older least concern
Southern Three-striped Opossum Monodelphis theresa Atlantic Forest region of Brazil data deficient
Red Three-striped Opossum Monodelphis umbristriata vulnerable
One-striped Opossum Monodelphis unistriata critically endangered, possibly extinct
Anderson's Four-eyed Opossum Philander andersoni least concern 3-4 cm wide black stripe down the back
Deltaic Four-eyed Opossum Philander deltae perennially flooded swamp forest or seasonally flooded marsh forest of the adjacent Orinoco deltas least concern small spots above the eyes and inconspicuous small spots behind the ears
Southeastern Four-eyed Opossum Philander frenatus least concern cream-colored vertical stripe along the midline of the throat
McIlhenny's Four-eyed Opossum Philander mcilhennyi least concern black with white spots above each eye
Mondolfi's Four-eyed Opossum Philander mondolfii foothills least concern large conspicuous spots above the eyes and conspicuous smaller spots behind the ears
Olrog's Four-eyed Opossum Philander olrogi lowland Amazon rainforest data deficient sympatric with Gray Four-eyed Opossum, but differs with a zygomatic arch
Gray Four-eyed Opossum Philander opossum primary, secondary, and disturbed forest; often moist areas near water; no well defined territory; builds nests out of dry leaves in various places mostly nocturnal; solitary; partly arboreal; terrestrial but a good swimmer and climber typically seasonal, more young born during rainy season with fruit abundance; gestation averages 13-14 days; litter averages 4-5, with each female producing between 2 and 4 litters per year; factors of dry season and <11 month old mother determines offspring's survival; young nurse until 68-75 days old, then 8-15 days later the mother becomes aggressive and expels them least concern sharply defined white spot above each eye; similar to the Virginia Opossum, it is able to overcome toxic effects from snake bites, but it does not "play possum," but aggressively fights with potential predators, so it is known to be "the fiercest fighter of the opossums"; seems more alert than other didelphids with agile and swift movements
Cinderella Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum Thylamys cinderella eastern foothills of the Andes least concern
Elegant Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum Thylamys elegans variety of habitats from cloud forests to chaparrals; lives in tree hollows or under rocks and roots, with a home range crepuscular; arboreal; terrestrial both sexes mature by the first year; females can have 1-2 litters in the annual breeding season, typically from Sept to March; though up to 17 embryos can be produced, typically between 11 and 13, depending on the number of functioning nipples, will survive least concern this species can exhibit torpor, a mechanism that allows it to significantly reduce its food and energy requirements, and when water is scarce, the urine tends to become very concentrated
Karimi's Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum Thylamys karimii cerrado and caatinga crepuscular; mostly terrestrial vulnerable its tail may be nonprehensile
Paraguayan Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum Thylamys macrurus forested areas near threatened although "Thylamys" are characterized by storing fat storage in the tail, no evidence shows that this species does
White-bellied Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum Thylamys pallidior arid and semiarid environments, ranging from the coastal deserts of Peru, through the Andes and the Monte Desert, and into the Patagonian steppe of Argentina; generally inhabits rocky environments with little plant cover, but can be found in dry forest or thorn scrub; nests in tree and shrub cavities or beneath rocks nocturnal; good climber, but usually prefers the ground litter is up to 15, typically born during the summer months; no pouch, but teats are variable in both number and arrangement, and may not all function at the same time least concern one of the smallest members of its genus; differs from most other mouse opossums in having a gray to brown coat and completely white underside; torpor
Common Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum Thylamys pusillus chaco and Andean foothill habitats least concern sharply bicolored tail; its tail often lacks fat deposits, but does not always
Argentine Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum Thylamys sponsorius eastern foothills of the Andes least concern
Tate's Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum Thylamys tatei along the coast of central Peru data deficient northernmost range of any member of its genus
Dwarf Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum Thylamys velutinus cerrado and caatinga habitats near threatened its hind foot is less than 14 mm, which is short for its genus
Buff-bellied Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum Thylamys venustus transitional and humid forests data deficient the postorbital ridges are absent in the young and weakly developed in adults
Grayish Mouse Opossum Tlacuatzin canescens occupies seasonally arid habitats, especially mixed deciduous forests, but also scrub, grassland, and agricultural land; suggested to own small home ranges; nests lined with "cotton" from kapok trees nocturnal; solitary; semiarboreal, being more terrestrial in its habits than other mouse opossums breeding occurs in late summer and early autumn; mate while hanging upside down from their tails, with the male tightly holding onto the female's neck with its jaws; litter ranges from 8-14; in the absence of a true pouch, the young attach to teats, sheltering in a pouch-like layer of hair least concern

Order Paucituberculata (Shrew Opossums)

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Picture Common Name Name Map Habitat Behavior Reproduction Status Traits
Gray-bellied Caenolestid Caenolestes caniventer humid, temperate forests; moist grasslands in the subtropics; cool, moist areas with good cover; small tunnels under tree roots by streams appears to be crepuscular or nocturnal, and terrestrial litter could be 2 near threatened
Andean Caenolestid Caenolestes condorensis eastern Andes; specimens captured between the short grassy vegetation of the plateau and the higher, wooded slopes vulnerable largest caenolestid
Northern Caenolestid Caenolestes convelatus occurs in and around alpine and secondary forests vulnerable
Dusky Caenolestid Caenolestes fuliginosus occurs in alpine and páramo forests nocturnal; can be a fast runner, but does not move in leaps and jumps; reported to have poor vision, but good smelling and hearing least concern the ears and eyes are smaller and the rostrum is longer than in other caenolestids; the tail, though prehensile, may not be able to support the animal when it hangs down a branch
Eastern caenolestid Caenolestes sangay eastern slopes of the Andes vulnerable
Incan Caenolestid Lestoros inca southern Andes; moist habitats, in elfin and secondary forests, and Baccharis scrubs appears to be nocturnal and terrestrial least concern this caenolestid has a relatively stronger cranium and shorter mandible, suggesting that it can feed on tougher material than can other shrew opossums
Long-nosed Caenolestid Rhyncholestes raphanurus occurs in temperate forests; prefers cool, moist areas; appears to live in burrows and fallen logs appears to be nocturnal and terrestrial lactating females have been reported in May as well as from Oct to March near threatened long, pointed snout, small eyes and ears, and one claw on a digit of each of the thin limbs; lacks a marsupium and has 7 nipples, unlike the 4 typical of other caenolestids; the tail helps in balancing the body during locomotion; its relatively shorter tail could imply lesser agility in comparison to other caenolestids, and moreover, the tail can be used to store fat, and is reportedly thickest during early winter

Family Microbiotheriidae

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Picture Common Name Name Map Habitat Behavior Reproduction Status Traits
Monito del Monte (Colocolo Opossum) Dromiciops gliroides Valdivian temperate rainforests of the southern Andes, living in thickets of mountain bamboo; dense, humid forests of highland Argentina and Chile, mainly living in trees, where it constructs spherical nests of water resistant colihue leaves nocturnal; arboreal; torpor and uses mossy nests for protection from bad weather; hibernation; sole dispersal agent for the loranthacous mistletoe well-formed, fur-lined marsupium containing 4 mammae; normally reproduce in the spring once a year; litter varies from 1-5, only 4 of which can be fed and survive; when young are mature enough to leave the pouch, approx. 5 months, they are nursed in a distinctive nest, then carried on the mother's back, and remain in association with her after weaning; both sexes reach sexual maturity after 2 years near threatened only extant species in the ancient order Microbiotheria

Order Diprotodontia

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Suborder Vombatiformes
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Picture Common Name Name Map Habitat Behavior Reproduction Status Traits
Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat Lasiorhinus krefftii nocturnal; digs networks of burrows, and known to share them with up to 10 individuals, equally divided by sex slightly larger than the common wombat and able to breed somewhat faster, giving birth to 2 young every 3 years on average; young are usually born during the wet season, between Nov and April; young stay in pouch for 8-9 months, weaned at 12 months critically endangered one of the rarest land mammals; nose crucial to its survival because it has very poor eyesight, so it must detect its food in the dark through smell; the fat reserves and low metabolic rate of this species permit it to go without food for several days when food is scarce
Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat Lasiorhinus latifrons semiarid to arid grasslands and woodlands digs burrows connected into warrens with many entrances, shared with up to 10 individuals; communicates through vocalizations and olfaction breeding occurs when its favored food is at its peak growth rates, relying on winter rainfall to germinate grasses; between Aug and Oct, when rainfall is sufficient, females enter ovulation and the males' testosterone levels and prostate gland sizes increases; males establish aggressive dominance hierarchies; gestation lasts 22 days; young stay in pouch for 6 months, fully weaned at a year old, sexually maturing at 3 years near threatened smallest of the 3 wombats; larger temporalis muscle and a smaller masseter muscle than the common wombat; unlike the northern hairy-nosed wombat, its nasal bone is longer than the frontal bone
Koala Phascolarctos cinereus (red–native, purple–introduced) typically inhabit open eucalypt woodlands and forests; home ranges; climates ranging from tropical to cool temperate arboreal; largely sedentary and sleeps up to 20 hours a day; asocial; adults communicate with loud bellows that intimidate rivals and attract mates females in oestrus tend to hold their heads further back than usual and commonly display tremors and spasms, but males do not appear to recognize these signs, and have been observed to mount non-oestrous females, sometimes forcing a mount; seasonal breeders, births taking place from the middle of spring through the summer to early autumn, from Oct to May; gestation lasts 33-35 days; litter is 1, or occassionally 2; at 26 weeks old, the young pokes it head out of the pouch, 6 months begins eucalyptus diet vulnerable only extant representative of the family Phascolarctidae; has the most effective insulating back fur of any marsupial and is highly resilient to wind and rain, while the belly fur can reflect solar radiation; one of the smallest brains in proportion to body weight of any mammal; its vision is not well developed and its relatively small eyes are unusual among marsupials in that the pupils have vertical slits; since it gains a low amount of energy from its diet, its metabolic rate is half that of a typical mammal, although this can vary between seasons and sexes
Common Wombat Vombatus ursinus variety of habitats, rainforest, eucalyptus forest, woodland, alpine grassland, and coastal areas; adapted to farmland in some regions; higher mountainous areas northern of its distribution; each individual has an established range often nocturnal; solitary and territorial; digs a tunnel system, with one entrance, and sometimes one exit also, and many can live in the same burrow can breed every 2 years and produce a single offspring; gestation is about 20-30 days; young remain in pouch for 5 months, are weaned at around 12-15 months, and are usually independent by 18 months least concern distinguished from both hairy-nosed wombats by its bald nose
Suborder Phalangeriformes
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Picture Common Name Name Map Habitat Behavior Reproduction Status Traits
Talaud Bear Cuscus Ailurops melanotis subtropical or tropical dry forests critically endangered
Sulawesi Bear Cuscus Ailurops ursinus tropical moist lowland forest diurnal; often found in pairs vulnerable
Mountain Pygmy Possum Burramys parvus dense alpine rock screes and boulder fields home ranges nocturnal; terrestrial; females tend to stay in familial groups of up to 10 related individuals, and are relatively sedentary; males tend to be solitary; hibernation although females are polyestrous, the need for sufficient fat reserves during hibernation limits them to 1 litter per year, reproducing the spring months when Bogong moths are abundant, breeding season typically occurring during the Austral spring months of Oct and Nov, when males migrate to higher elevation nesting sites of mates; internal gestation is 14-16 days; litter is usually 3-4, and young remain in pouch for approx. 3 weeks, remaining in nest for another 3-4 weeks, weaned at around 9-10 weeks critically endangered only Australian mammal restricted to alpine habitat
Long-tailed Pygmy Possum Cercartetus caudatus rainforests nocturnal; arboreal; torpid breeds twice a year; litter is 1-4, born around Jan and Feb, and sometimes a 2nd litter from late Aug to early Sept; young leave nest when 45 days old least concern a tail that is about one and a half times as long as the body
Western Pygmy Possum Cercartetus concinnus semi-arid woodland, shrubland, and heath; shelters in crevices, birds' nests, or dense vegetation nocturnal; solitary; migrate to different areas over the course of the year, depending on local plant resources; described as making a rapid chattering noise; torpor, and rouse unusually quickly due to its size can breed throughout the year, although usually in spring; litter is 4-6, often carrying >6 embryos at a time in her womb, having only 6 teats, leaving the pouch at around 25 days, and mother can give birth 2 days after weaning at around 50 days, when teats shrink and mammary glands revert to colostrum production least concern
Tasmanian Pygmy Possum Cercartetus lepidus sclerophyll forest, mallee, and open heathland vegetation, and in shrubland or forest undergrowth; uses strips of bark to construct dome-like nests in tree cavities or rotten wood nocturnal; solitary; arboreal; good climber; torpor breeding occurs throughout the year, usually in spring or summer; litter is 4 for 4 teats; young leave pouch at around 42 days, but may cling to and be carried by mother after, leaving nest at around 90 days least concern smallest possum species
Eastern Pygmy Possum Cercartetus nanus rainforest, sclerophyll forest, woodland and heath; shelters in tree hollows and stumps, thickets, and birds' nests; home ranges nocturnal; generally solitary, but reported to share communal nests and be in groups; torpor; active climber typically breed twice a year; gestation lasts around 30 days, after which young spend 33-37 days in pouch; litter usually 4, having 6 teats; weaned at 60-65 days, and remain with mother for at least 10 more days least concern
Gebe Cuscus Phalanger alexandrae endangered
Mountain Cuscus Phalanger carmelitae least concern
Ground Cuscus Phalanger gymnotis forests and scrubland mostly nocturnal; generally arboreal and slow-moving; regarded as solitary and fights with other individuals least concern differs from all other phalangerids in spending its days in burrows in the ground and appears as comfortable at ground level as in the trees
Eastern Common Cuscus Phalanger intercastellanus least concern
Woodlark Cuscus Phalanger lullulae primary and secondary tropical forests with a preference for the dry lowland forest; seeks shelter under epiphytes and inside tree hollows during the day nocturnal; arboreal; vocalizes while foraging; aggressive towards each other distinctive composition of the mother's milk; as the young grow, the carbohydrate, lipid, and protein compositions in it fluctuates in accordance to the stage the young is in as it grows, and it will feed on milk that is very dilute and composted of simple sugars while the older ones feed on more concentrated milk endangered largest mammal living on Woodlark Island; set apart from other diprotodont marsupials because the back part of the cranium is not exposed to the mastoid; apart from all other marsupials by its short fur that has marble-like patterns
Blue-eyed Cuscus Phalanger matabiru vulnerable
Telefomin Cuscus Phalanger matanim oak forests critically endangered, possibly extinct
Southern Common Cuscus Phalanger mimicus arboreal least concern
Northern Common Cuscus Phalanger orientalis (blue — native, red — introduced, dark gray — origin uncertain) secondary forest; plantations and gardens; primary tropical forest; coastal monsoon rainforest; gallery forest; remnant montane rainforest thought to be nocturnal and arboreal least concern
Ornate Cuscus Phalanger ornatus least concern
Rothschild's Cuscus Phalanger rothschildi least concern
Silky Cuscus Phalanger sericeus across high elevations in central mountains least concern

Xenarthrans

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Pangolins

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Insectivores

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Flying Lemurs

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Treeshrews

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Bats

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Primates

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Prosimians

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Monkeys

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Apes

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Carnivores

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Dogs

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Bears

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Mustelids

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Pinnipeds

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Raccoons

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Hyenas

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Civets

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Cats

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Ungulates

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Elephants

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Manatees

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Horses

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Tapirs

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Rhinoceroses

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Hyraxes

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Aardvark

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Cattle

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Deer

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Giraffes

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Camels

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Pigs

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Peccaries

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Hippos

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Cetaceans

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Rodents

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Squirrels

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Mice

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Cavies

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Lagomorphs

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Elephant Shrews

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Cat breeds

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A

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Abyssinian
Asian
American Shorthair
American Longhair
American Wirehair
American Bobtail
Arabian Mau
Australian Mist
American Curl

B

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C

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D

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E

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G

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Y

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For unarticled breeds, see List of minority cat breeds.

Dog breeds

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F

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W

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Y

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