User:Cipek/sandbox
United States of America | |
---|---|
Motto: In God We Trust (official) [E Pluribus Unum] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (traditional) (Latin: Out of Many, One) | |
Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner" | |
![]() | |
Capital | Washington, D.C. 38°53′N 77°01′W / 38.883°N 77.017°W |
Largest city | New York City |
Official languages | None at federal level[a] |
National language | English (de facto)[b] |
Demonym(s) | American |
Government | Federal presidential constitutional republic |
Barack Obama (D) | |
Joe Biden (D) | |
John Boehner (R) | |
John Roberts | |
Legislature | Congress |
Senate | |
House of Representatives | |
Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain | |
• Declared | July 4, 1776 |
September 3, 1783 | |
June 21, 1788 | |
Area | |
• Total | 9,826,675 km2 (3,794,100 sq mi)[1][c] (3rd/4th) |
• Water (%) | 6.76 |
Population | |
• 2011 estimate | 337,041,000[2] (3rd) |
• Density | 33.7/km2 (87.3/sq mi) |
GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate |
• Total | $15.065 trillion[3] (1st) |
• Per capita | $48,147[3] (8th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate |
• Total | $15.065 trillion[4] (1st) |
• Per capita | $48,147[3] (15th) |
Gini (2007) | 45.0[1] Error: Invalid Gini value (39th) |
HDI (2011) | ![]() Error: Invalid HDI value (4th) |
Currency | United States dollar ($) (USD) |
Time zone | UTC−5 to −10 |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 to −10 |
Date format | m/d/yy (AD) |
Drives on | right |
Calling code | +1 |
ISO 3166 code | US |
Internet TLD | .us .gov .mil .edu |
^ a. English is the official language of at least 28 states—some sources give a higher figure, based on differing definitions of "official".[6] English and Hawaiian are both official languages in the state of Hawaii.
^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language. ^ c. Whether the United States or the People's Republic of China is larger is disputed. The figure given is from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook. Other sources give smaller figures. All authoritative calculations of the country's size include only the 50 states and the District of Columbia, not the territories. ^ d. The population estimate includes people whose usual residence is in the fifty states and the District of Columbia, including noncitizens. It does not include either those living in the territories, amounting to more than 4 million U.S. citizens (most in Puerto Rico), or U.S. citizens living outside the United States. |
The United States of America (also called the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.[8] The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity).[4][9]
Indigenous peoples descended from forebears who migrated from Asia have inhabited what is now the mainland United States for many thousands of years. This Native American population was greatly reduced by disease and warfare after European contact. The United States was founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their right to self-determination and their establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated the British Empire in the American Revolution, the first successful colonial war of independence.[10] The current United States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.
Through the 19th century, the United States displaced native tribes, acquired the Louisiana territory from France, Florida from Spain, part of the Oregon Country from the United Kingdom, Alta California and New Mexico from Mexico, and Alaska from Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over the expansion of the institution of slavery and states' rights provoked the Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, its national economy was the world's largest.[11] The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. It emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for 41% of global military spending,[12] and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.[13]
Geography and environment
[edit]The land area of the contiguous United States is approximately 1,900 million acres (7,700,000 km2). Alaska, separated from the contiguous United States by Canada, is the largest state at 365 million acres (1,480,000 km2). Hawaii, occupying an archipelago in the central Pacific, southwest of North America, has just over 4 million acres (16,000 km2).[14] The United States is the world's third or fourth largest nation by total area (land and water), ranking behind Russia and Canada and just above or below China. The ranking varies depending on how two territories disputed by China and India are counted and how the total size of the United States is measured: calculations range from 3,676,486 square miles (9,522,055 km2)[15] to 3,717,813 square miles (9,629,091 km2)[16] to 3,794,101 square miles (9,826,676 km2).[1] Including only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia and China, just ahead of Canada.[17]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/USATopographicalMap.jpg/300px-USATopographicalMap.jpg)
The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the Piedmont. The Appalachian Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. The Mississippi–Missouri River, the world's fourth longest river system, runs mainly north–south through the heart of the country. The flat, fertile prairie of the Great Plains stretches to the west, interrupted by a highland region in the southeast. The Rocky Mountains, at the western edge of the Great Plains, extend north to south across the country, reaching altitudes higher than 14,000 feet (4,300 m) in Colorado. Farther west are the rocky Great Basin and deserts such as the Mojave. The Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges run close to the Pacific coast. At 20,320 feet (6,194 m), Alaska's Mount McKinley is the tallest peak in the country and in North America. Active volcanoes are common throughout Alaska's Alexander and Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. The supervolcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the continent's largest volcanic feature.[18]
The United States, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types. To the east of the 100th meridian, the climate ranges from humid continental in the north to humid subtropical in the south. The southern tip of Florida is tropical, as is Hawaii. The Great Plains west of the 100th meridian are semi-arid. Much of the Western mountains are alpine. The climate is arid in the Great Basin, desert in the Southwest, Mediterranean in coastal California, and oceanic in coastal Oregon and Washington and southern Alaska. Most of Alaska is subarctic or polar. Extreme weather is not uncommon—the states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes, and most of the world's tornadoes occur within the country, mainly in the Midwest's Tornado Alley.[19]
The U.S. ecology is considered "megadiverse": about 17,000 species of vascular plants occur in the contiguous United States and Alaska, and over 1,800 species of flowering plants are found in Hawaii, few of which occur on the mainland.[20] The United States is home to more than 400 mammal, 750 bird, and 500 reptile and amphibian species.[21] About 91,000 insect species have been described.[22] The Endangered Species Act of 1973 protects threatened and endangered species and their habitats, which are monitored by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. There are fifty-eight national parks and hundreds of other federally managed parks, forests, and wilderness areas.[23] Altogether, the government owns 28.8% of the country's land area.[24] Most of this is protected, though some is leased for oil and gas drilling, mining, logging, or cattle ranching; 2.4% is used for military purposes.[24]
Political divisions
[edit]The United States is a federal union of fifty states. The original thirteen states were the successors of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule. Early in the country's history, three new states were organized on territory separated from the claims of the existing states: Kentucky from Virginia; Tennessee from North Carolina; and Maine from Massachusetts. Most of the other states have been carved from territories obtained through war or purchase by the U.S. government. One set of exceptions comprises Vermont, Texas, and Hawaii: each was an independent republic before joining the union. During the American Civil War, West Virginia broke away from Virginia. The most recent state—Hawaii—achieved statehood on August 21, 1959. The states do not have the right to secede from the union.
The states compose the vast bulk of the U.S. land mass; the two other areas considered integral parts of the country are the District of Columbia, the federal district where the capital, Washington, is located; and Palmyra Atoll, an uninhabited but incorporated territory in the Pacific Ocean. The United States also possesses five major overseas territories: Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; and American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific.[25] Those born in the major territories (except for American Samoa) possess U.S. citizenship.[26] American citizens residing in the territories have many of the same rights and responsibilities as citizens residing in the states; however, they are generally exempt from federal income tax, may not vote for president, and have only nonvoting representation in the U.S. Congress.[27]
Demographics
[edit]Race/Ethnicity (2010)[28] | |
---|---|
White | 72.4% |
Black/African American | 12.6% |
Asian | 4.8% |
American Indian and Alaska Native | 0.9% |
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander | 0.2% |
Other | 6.2% |
Two or more races | 2.9% |
Hispanic/Latino (of any race) | 16.3% |
The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the country's population now to be 337,041,000,[2] including an estimated 11.2 million illegal immigrants.[29] The U.S. population almost quadrupled during the 20th century, from about 76 million in 1900.[30] The third most populous nation in the world, after China and India, the United States is the only industrialized nation in which large population increases are projected.[31] Even with a birth rate of 13.82 per 1,000, 30% below the world average, its population growth rate is positive at 1%, significantly higher than those of many developed nations.[32] In fiscal year 2010, over 1 million immigrants (most of whom entered through family reunification) were granted legal residence.[33] Mexico has been the leading source of new residents for over two decades; since 1998, China, India, and the Philippines have been in the top four sending countries every year.[34]
The United States has a very diverse population—thirty-one ancestry groups have more than one million members.[35] White Americans are the largest racial group; German Americans, Irish Americans, and English Americans constitute three of the country's four largest ancestry groups.[35] African Americans are the nation's largest racial minority and third largest ancestry group.[35] Asian Americans are the country's second largest racial minority; the two largest Asian American ethnic groups are Chinese Americans and Filipino Americans.[35] In 2010, the U.S. population included an estimated 5.2 million people with some American Indian or Alaska Native ancestry (2.9 million exclusively of such ancestry) and 1.2 million with some native Hawaiian or Pacific island ancestry (0.5 million exclusively).[36] The census counted more than 19 million people of "Some Other Race" who were "unable to identify with any" of its five official race categories in 2010.[36]
The population growth of Hispanic and Latino Americans (the terms are officially interchangeable) is a major demographic trend. The 50.5 million Americans of Hispanic descent[36] are identified as sharing a distinct "ethnicity" by the Census Bureau; 64% of Hispanic Americans are of Mexican descent.[37] Between 2000 and 2010, the country's Hispanic population increased 43% while the non-Hispanic population rose just 4.9%.[28] Much of this growth is from immigration; as of 2007, 12.6% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, with 54% of that figure born in Latin America.[38] Fertility is also a factor; the average Hispanic woman gives birth to 3.0 children in her lifetime, compared to 2.2 for non-Hispanic black women and 1.8 for non-Hispanic white women (below the replacement rate of 2.1).[31] Minorities (as defined by the Census Bureau as all those beside non-Hispanic, non-multiracial whites) constitute 36.3% of the population in 2010,[39] and nearly 50% of children under age 1,[40] and are projected to constitute the majority by 2042.[41]
About 82% of Americans live in urban areas (including suburbs);[1] about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000.[42] In 2008, 273 incorporated places had populations over 100,000, nine cities had more than 1 million residents, and four global cities had over 2 million (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston).[43] There are fifty-two metropolitan areas with populations greater than 1 million.[44] Of the fifty fastest-growing metro areas, forty-seven are in the West or South.[45] The metro areas of Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, and Phoenix all grew by more than a million people between 2000 and 2008.[44]
Largest metropolitan areas in the United States
| |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Name | Region | Pop. | Rank | Name | Region | Pop. | ||
![]() New York ![]() Los Angeles |
1 | New York | Northeast | 19,498,249 | 11 | Boston | Northeast | 4,919,179 | ![]() Chicago ![]() Dallas–Fort Worth |
2 | Los Angeles | West | 12,799,100 | 12 | Riverside–San Bernardino | West | 4,688,053 | ||
3 | Chicago | Midwest | 9,262,825 | 13 | San Francisco | West | 4,566,961 | ||
4 | Dallas–Fort Worth | South | 8,100,037 | 14 | Detroit | Midwest | 4,342,304 | ||
5 | Houston | South | 7,510,253 | 15 | Seattle | West | 4,044,837 | ||
6 | Atlanta | South | 6,307,261 | 16 | Minneapolis–Saint Paul | Midwest | 3,712,020 | ||
7 | Washington, D.C. | South | 6,304,975 | 17 | Tampa–St. Petersburg | South | 3,342,963 | ||
8 | Philadelphia | Northeast | 6,246,160 | 18 | San Diego | West | 3,269,973 | ||
9 | Miami | South | 6,183,199 | 19 | Denver | West | 3,005,131 | ||
10 | Phoenix | West | 5,070,110 | 20 | Baltimore | South | 2,834,316 |
Language
[edit]Languages (2007)[47] | |
---|---|
English (only) | 225.5 million |
Spanish, incl. Creole | 34.5 million |
Chinese | 2.5 million |
French, incl. Creole | 2.0 million |
Tagalog | 1.5 million |
Vietnamese | 1.2 million |
German | 1.1 million |
Korean | 1.1 million |
English is the de facto national language. Although there is no official language at the federal level, some laws—such as U.S. naturalization requirements—standardize English. In 2007, about 226 million, or 80% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home. Spanish, spoken by 12% of the population at home, is the second most common language and the most widely taught second language.[47][48] Some Americans advocate making English the country's official language, as it is in at least twenty-eight states.[6] Both Hawaiian and English are official languages in Hawaii by state law.[49]
While neither has an official language, New Mexico has laws providing for the use of both English and Spanish, as Louisiana does for English and French.[50] Other states, such as California, mandate the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents including court forms.[51] Many jurisdictions with large numbers of non-English speakers produce government materials, especially voting information, in the most commonly spoken languages in those jurisdictions. Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages, along with English: Samoan and Chamorro are recognized by American Samoa and Guam, respectively; Carolinian and Chamorro are recognized by the Northern Mariana Islands; Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico.
Religion
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/BrunswickWhiteChurch.jpg/170px-BrunswickWhiteChurch.jpg)
The United States is officially a secular nation; the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and forbids the establishment of any religious governance. In a 2002 study, 59% of Americans said that religion played a "very important role in their lives", a far higher figure than that of any other wealthy nation.[52] According to a 2007 survey, 78.4% of adults identified themselves as Christian,[53] down from 86.4% in 1990.[54] Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while Roman Catholicism, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. The study categorizes white evangelicals, 26.3% of the population, as the country's largest religious cohort;[53] another study estimates evangelicals of all races at 30–35%.[55] The total reporting non-Christian religions in 2007 was 4.7%, up from 3.3% in 1990.[54] The leading non-Christian faiths were Judaism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.7%), Islam (0.6%), Hinduism (0.4%), and Unitarian Universalism (0.3%).[53] The survey also reported that 16.1% of Americans described themselves as agnostic, atheist, or simply having no religion, up from 8.2% in 1990.[53][54]
Family structure
[edit]In 2007, 58% of Americans age 18 and over were married, 6% were widowed, 10% were divorced, and 25% had never been married.[56] Women now mostly work outside the home and receive a majority of bachelor's degrees.[57]
Same-sex marriage is a contentious issue. Some states permit civil unions or domestic partnerships in lieu of marriage. Since 2003, several states have legalized gay marriage as the result of judicial or legislative action. Meanwhile, the federal government and a majority of states define marriage as between a man and a woman and/or explicitly prohibit same-sex marriage. Public opinion on the issue has shifted from general opposition in the 1990s to a statistical deadlock as of 2011.[58]
The U.S. teenage pregnancy rate, 79.8 per 1,000 women, is the highest among OECD nations.[59] Abortion policy was left to the states until the Supreme Court legalized the practice in 1973. The issue remains highly controversial, with public opinion closely divided for many years. Many states ban public funding of the procedure and restrict late-term abortions, require parental notification for minors, and mandate a waiting period. While the abortion rate is falling, the abortion ratio of 241 per 1,000 live births and abortion rate of 15 per 1,000 women aged 15–44 remain higher than those of most Western nations.[60]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Map_of_USA_with_state_and_territory_names_2.png/800px-Map_of_USA_with_state_and_territory_names_2.png)
- ^ a b c d "United States". The World Factbook. CIA. 2009-09-30. Retrieved 2010-01-05 (area given in square kilometers).
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ a b "U.S. POPClock Projection". U.S. Census Bureau. Figure updated automatically.
- ^ a b c "United States". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ a b "World Economic Outlook Database". International Monetary Fund. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (help) - ^ "Human Development Report 2011" (PDF). United Nations. 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ a b Feder, Jody (2007-01-25). "English as the Official Language of the United States—Legal Background and Analysis of Legislation in the 110th Congress" (PDF). Ilw.com (Congressional Research Service). Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ {{cite web|url=http://www.footprintnetwork.org/images/uploads/Ecological_Footprint_Atlas_2010.pdf%7Ctitle=Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010|publisher=Global Footprint Network|accessdate=11 July 2011}}
- ^ Adams, J. Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). Dealing with Diversity. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-8145-X.
- ^ The European Union has a larger collective economy, but is not a single nation.
- ^ Dull, Jonathan R. (2003). "Diplomacy of the Revolution, to 1783", p. 352, chap. in A Companion to the American Revolution, ed. Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole. Maiden, Mass.: Blackwell, pp. 352–361. ISBN 1-4051-1674-9.
- ^ Maddison, Angus (2006). "Historical Statistics for the World Economy". The Groningen Growth and Development Centre, Economics Department of the University of Groningen. Retrieved 2008-11-06.
- ^ "US, Allies' Share of World Military Spending Shrinking—Study". Reuters. 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
- ^ Cohen, Eliot A. (July/August 2004). "History and the Hyperpower". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2006-07-14.
{{cite web}}
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(help) "Country Profile: United States of America". BBC News. 2008-04-22. Retrieved 2008-05-18. - ^ Lubowski, Ruben, Marlow Vesterby, and Shawn Bucholtz (2006-07-21). "AREI Chapter 1.1: Land Use". Economic Research Service. Retrieved 2009-03-09.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "United States". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-03-25 (area given in square miles).
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ "Population by Sex, Rate of Population Increase, Surface Area and Density" (PDF). Demographic Yearbook 2005. UN Statistics Division. Retrieved 2008-03-25 (area given in square kilometers).
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ "World Factbook: Area Country Comparison Table". Yahoo Education. Retrieved 2007-02-28.
- ^ O'Hanlon, Larry. "Supervolcano: What's Under Yellowstone?". Discovery Channel. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
- ^ Perkins, Sid (2002-05-11). "Tornado Alley, USA". Science News. Archived from the original on 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2006-09-20.
- ^ Morin, Nancy. "Vascular Plants of the United States" (PDF). Plants. National Biological Service. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
- ^ "Global Significance of Selected U.S. Native Plant and Animal Species". SDI Group. 2001-02-09. Retrieved 2009-01-20.
- ^ "Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals)". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2009-01-20.
- ^ "National Park Service Announces Addition of Two New Units". National Park Service. 2006-02-28. Retrieved 2006-06-13.
- ^ a b "Federal Land and Buildings Ownership" (PDF). Republican Study Committee. 2005-05-19. Retrieved 2009-03-09.
- ^ See 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(36) and 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(38) U.S. Federal Code, Inmigration and Nationality Act. 8 U.S.C. § 1101a
- ^ "Presidential Elections in the United States: A Primer (Page 7)" (PDF). United States Congressional Research Service. 2000-04-17. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
- ^ Raskin, James B. (2003). Overruling Democracy: The Supreme Court Vs. the American People. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 36–38. ISBN 0-415-93439-7.
- ^ a b "2010 Census Data". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
- ^ Camarota, Steven A., and Karen Jensenius (2008). "Homeward Bound: Recent Immigration Enforcement and the Decline in the Illegal Alien Population" (PDF). Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ a b "Executive Summary: A Population Perspective of the United States". Population Resource Center. 2000. Archived from the original on 2007-06-04. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (help) - ^ "Rank Order—Birth Rate". The World Factbook. CIA. 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ “U.S. Legal Permanent Residents: 2010”. Office of Immigration Statistics Annual Flow Report.
- ^ "Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Years 1998 to 2007 (Table 3)". U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ a b c d "Ancestry 2000" (PDF). U.S.Census Bureau. 2004. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (help) - ^ a b c Humes, Karen R., Nicholas A. Jones, and Roberto R. Ramirez (March 2011). "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "B03001. Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin". 2007 American Community Survey. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ^ "Tables 41 and 42—Native and Foreign-Born Populations" (PDF). Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ US Census Bureau: "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Final State 2010 Census Population Totals for Legislative Redistricting" see custom table, 2nd worksheet
- ^ El Nasser, Haya (2011-08-24). "Minority babies almost the majority". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "An Older and More Diverse Nation by Midcentury". U.S. Census Bureau. 2008-08-14. Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ "United States—Urban/Rural and Inside/Outside Metropolitan Area (GCT-P1. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000)". U.S. Census Bureau. 2000-04-01. Retrieved 2008-09-23.
- ^ "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2008 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008". 2008 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 2009-07-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-07. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ a b "Table 5. Estimates of Population Change for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Rankings: July 1, 2007 to July 1, 2008". 2008 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. 2009-03-19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-07. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ "Raleigh and Austin are Fastest-Growing Metro Areas". U.S. Census Bureau. 2009-03-19. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020–2023". United States Census Bureau. May 2023. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
- ^ a b "Table 53—Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2007" (PDF). Statistical Abstract of the United States 2010. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ "Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher Learning" (PDF). MLA. fall 2002. Retrieved 2006-10-16.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4". Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau. 1978-11-07. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ Dicker, Susan J. (2003). Languages in America: A Pluralist View. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. pp. 216, 220–25. ISBN 1853596515.
- ^ "California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 412.20(6)". Legislative Counsel, State of California. Retrieved 2007-12-17. "California Judicial Council Forms". Judicial Council, State of California. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
- ^ "Among Wealthy Nations...U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion". Pew Global Attitudes Project. Pew Research Center. 2002-12-19. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ^ a b c d "Religious Composition of the U.S." (PDF). U.S. Religious Landscape Survey. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ^ a b c Kosmin, Barry A., Egon Mayer, and Ariela Kaysar (2001-12-19). "American Religious Identification Survey 2001" (PDF). CUNY Graduate Center. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Green, John C. "The American Religious Landscape and Political Attitudes: A Baseline for 2004". University of Akron Ray C. Bliss Institute of Applied Politics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-07. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
- ^ "Table 55—Marital Status of the Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 to 2007" (PDF). Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ "Women's Advances in Education". Columbia University, Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
- ^ "For First Time, Majority of Americans Favor Legal Gay Marriage". Gallup.com. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ "Teenage birth rate statistics – countries compared – NationMaster People". Nationmaster.com. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ Strauss, Lilo T.; et al. (2006-11-24). "Abortion Surveillance—United States, 2003". MMWR. Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
{{cite web}}
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