User:Conservationyear
Coal Regulations[edit]
Along with other fossil fuels coal is a major energy resource for the US. Most of the energy supplied by coal production is consumed by the electric power sector.[1]Due to competition with renewable energy and natural gas, coal production has been declining since 2008.[2]Currently the US occupies five major basins or regions, where coal is produced. The U.S. Energy Information Administration released coal production data of 2016 in January, reporting a 17% decrease from 2015 levels.[3] As coal is projected to remain a key energy resource for the future of the US, regulations concerning environmental pollution increase.
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Pollution from stationary sources[edit]
see also: Coal power in the United States
The Environmental Protection Administration monitors and controls the emissions from coal-fired power plants to ensure public health and air quality. Coal production and consumption generates various environmental impacts such as the release of greenhouse gases.[4]There are approximately around 1,100 major electric power plants, which are subject to New Source Review (NSR) and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD).[4] Emissions from these plants have the largest contributions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) into the atmosphere.[4] Facilities in the electric sector are restricted to certain emission standards defined by the Clean Air Act (United States).[4]
While monitoring and controlling environmental releases of plants has been difficult, the EPA has been enforcing their policies regarding air quality over the last decade under President Barack Obama. While the Clean Air Act postulates regulations and rules limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases, other laws are concerned with standards of power plants and initiatives to enforce these laws have been formed. [5] The impacts of mining are diverse and have possible negative effects for humans and the biosphere. Among these are acid mine drainage, subsidence and mine worker's health risks, which are sought to be protected by the regulations regarding mining practices like strip mining.[6]
Even though regulations seek to address environmental impacts, they often do not provide remedy for the social and health disparities created by exposure to emissions from electric power plants.[7]
Controversies[edit]
With the administration of President Donald Trump, environmental regulations concerning coal mining are set to be eased.[8] An executive order was proposed in February 2017, to reverse the Stream Protection Rule that aims at protecting nearby waters from surface mining debris. Trump's support for this move comes from his interest in the fossil fuel industry and from an incentive to reactivate the coal industry in the US, which has been on a consistent decline from competition of renewables and natural gas.[8] The repeal of President Obama's Stream Protection Rule could possibly endanger species by polluting ecosystems and thereby harming biodiversity.[9] Ecological effects of coal mining include contamination of water, destruction of habitats, leaching, soil erosion and subsidence.[10]
Notes[edit]
- Paris Climate Agreement https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement
- Clean Power Plan
- Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act
- Clean Air act
- IPCC (UN) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change
- http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2016/11/economist-explains
- http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/15-current-environmental-problems.php an idea of problems the world is facing
- http://carbonfootprintofnations.com/content/environmental_footprint_of_nations/
- http://www.ecowatch.com/which-countries-wont-be-signing-the-paris-climate-deal-on-earth-day-1891119707.html
- Look at ‘Energy Policy of the United States’ Page https://www.brookings.edu/podcast-episode/energy-and-climate-policy-under-the-trump-administration/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamestaylor/2016/12/26/trumps-energy-policy-10-big-changes/#16d1b8b818aa https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy http://fortune.com/2016/11/14/donald-trump-victory-us-shale-oil/ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/04/us/politics/republicans-oil-gas-regulations.html?mabReward=R4&recp=0&moduleDetail=recommendations-0&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.®ion=Footer&module=WhatsNext&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&src=recg&pgtype=article http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/22/politics/scott-pruitt-epa-oklahoma/ (Scott Pruitt from EPA and his relationship with certain oil companies)
- Companies
- Displacement of people
- Incidents of injustices because of coal mining Adding to Fossil Fuel Phase-out Wiki page
- Adding more states
- Phase-out resistance?
- --------------- Prof Recommendations
- Do we want to do broad overview of fossil fuels or focus on a few
- Pipeline, tax subsidies specifics OR “fossil fuel rules” roll backs
- Rules vs general ethos (putting coal miners back to work) Oil Section Oil spills: EJ: Coastal areas more greatly impacted by the spill, rely on sea for commercial fishing industry and sustenance, potential disparities in what places got cleaned up fastest various incidents Pipelines: EJ: land rights, how decide what pipeline runs through Oil Worker’s rights: EJ: having hazardous job or no job at all, potential demographic differences CEOs oil companies vs oil processing workers, proximity to facilities, differential exposure to hazards
| This user is a student editor in Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/University_of_California,_Berkeley/Environmental_Justice_Section_106_(Spring_2017). Student assignments should always be carried out using a course page set up by the instructor. It is usually best to develop assignments in your sandbox. After evaluation, the additions may go on to become a Wikipedia article or be published in an existing article. |
- ^ "U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) - Data". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-20.
- ^ "Coal production declines in 2016, with average coal prices below their 2015 level - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-19.
- ^ "Coal production declines in 2016, with average coal prices below their 2015 level - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-19.
- ^ a b c d EPA,OECA,OAP,ITD, US. "Air Enforcement". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-20.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ EPA,OEI,OIAA,IAD, US. "Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution (NAICS 2211)". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-20.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "About coal mining impacts". Greenpeace International. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
- ^ "Medscape Log In". www.medscape.org. Retrieved 2017-03-20.
- ^ a b Tabuchi, Hiroko (2017-02-02). "Republicans Move to Block Rule on Coal Mining Near Streams". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-03-20.
- ^ "Trump repeal of stream rule helps coal, at expense of climate and species". Retrieved 2017-03-23.
- ^ "About coal mining impacts". Greenpeace International. Retrieved 2017-03-23.