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Council of Churches could refer to any one of several collaborations of Christian denominations in Australia. Their chief purpose was to act as advocates and lobbyists to governments on "moral" questions — liquor, gambling, censorship, and observance of Sunday being prominent concerns.

In 1930 several State Councils were among the hundreds of organisations that affirmed 27 August (the anniversary of the Kellogg–Briand Pact) as World Peace Day: Arthur E. Bickmore, of Annerley, Queensland, represented the Council of Churches in Queensland, the Council of Churches in N.S.W. was represented by Victor C. Bell, the Council of Churches in Tasmania by Charles Matear, and the Council of Churches in Victoria by Alex Hardie.[1]

In 1941 a federal body, the Australian Council of Churches, was formed and the State councils became less relevant.

Victoria

[edit]

Founded as the Council of Churches in Victoria on 6 September 1892, when a representatives of six denominations — Anglican, Presbyterian, Wesleyan Methodist, Baptist, Congregational, Lutheran, Primitive Methodist, United Methodist Free Churches, and Bible Christians — meeting at the library of the Congregational College, Russell Street, agreed on a title, objects and Constitution.[2] It was agreed that the office of president should be rotated through the membership bodies. The organisation was frequently referred to as the Victorian Council of Churches. Notable members include:

Around this time, the Anglican Church showed an interest in the Council.[5]

  • 1904 Clarke, Anglican Bishop of Melbourne[6]
  • Rev. James Rickard (died 25 January 1909) served as secretary to the Council from its inception to around 1905, and in 1906 was elected president for the succeeding year.[7]
  • 1907 Hermann Herlitz was elected president
  • 1908 Rev. S. Pearce Carey was elected president[8]
  • In 1914 Walter J. Eddy resigned as secretary.[9]
  • James T. Robertson succeeded A. McCallum as president in 1915.[10]
  • James E. Thomas was president in 1918;[11] he earlier held a similar position in the Council of Churches in South Australia.
  • In 1925 W. S. Pearse was elected for the first time.
  • 1926 W. D. Jackson, when censorship of films was the burning issue.[12]
  • W. J. Harris (died 13 November 1944)[13] was elected president in 1934[14]
  • In 1935 J. D. Northey was elected president, when legalisation of the totalisator was attacked.[15]
  • In 1938 P. D. McCallum was elected president, and G. A. Judkins (died 1958)[16] continued to serve as secretary.[17] Judkins was elected life member in 1949 for his long and valuable service.[18]
  • In 1944 W. S. Pearse (died 17 August 1949)[19] was elected president for the second time.[20]

Queensland

[edit]

Brisbane Church Federation became the Queensland Council of Churches in The Council of Churches in Queensland was founded in 1896.[21] with W. Whale as president and H. Youngman as secretary.[22] The official title of the organisation appears to have been simply "Council of Churches", but "Queensland Council of Churches" or "Council of Churches in Queensland" have both appeared in print, sometimes in the same article.[23] Common issues addressed were gambling and playing sport on Sunday, though to many workers, Sunday was the only day available for relaxation — in 1905 the Council was much aggrieved at discount railway fares being offered on Sunday, encouraging desecration of the Sabbath by pleasure-seekers.[24]

Prominent officeholders include:

  • W. Tatham elected in 1897
  • Charles Stead (died 1916)[25] was elected president in 1898 and P. Robertson in 1899, followed by J. W. Roberts and Peter Thomson.[26]
  • R. Stewart succeeded George Grimes in 1902
  • Thomas Nisbet DD (died 1910)[27] was elected president in 1903.
  • 1905 Henry Youngman "Father of Methodism in Queensland"[28] as president
  • W. H. Green was president in 1926[29]
  • 1927 Hume Robertson (died 1921)[30] was elected president and Thomas Bibby (died 1948)[31] secretary.[32]
  • 1928 Arthur Ernest Bickmore, conveyancer, Gwen Bickmore their only child.
  • Charles Young, of the Church of Christ, was elected president in 1930
  • G(eorge) McChesney Clark (died 1932)[33] was elected president of the Council in 1931. He became a minor celebrity as (inadvertently) the first member of the public to cross the Sydney Harbour Bridge by train.[34]
  • Rev. Harold Manuel Wheller (died 1979), was acting president in 1935 during the absence of Rev. Norman Stuart Millar.[35] Millar and Wheller were accused of contempt of court when they wrote a letter to the Courier-mail, criticising a judge of the Supreme Court for a joke he made against the institution of marriage.[36] Both men, and the publisher of the Courier-mail, were dealt hefty fines by Justice Macrossan,[37] but reversed on appeal to the Full Bench.[38] Both were vigorous critics of all forms of gambling but reserved their harshest condemnation for the government-run Golden Casket, a lottery with prize of £25,000.[39] Millar, who was commended by Absalom Deans for his courage in overcoming physical disabilities,[40] died in 1938[41]
Wheller was elected president in 1937, 1938 and 1939,[42] and 1940, also in 1945.[43] He led protests against the introduction of Bingo.[44]
  • W. E. Hurst has been mentioned as a prominent member,[45] as has Albert Butler[46] (died 1947).[47]

New South Wales

[edit]
  • Rev. William George Taylor was president of the New South Wales Council of the Churches in 1899.[48]
  • C. James Tinsley, Baptist preacher, was president sometime around 1905.[49]

In 1924 a new council was formulated by representatives of the Anglican, Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, and Congregational Churches, the Associated Churches of Christ, the Salvation Army, and the Society of Friends, but its institution was held up by Anglican Church red tape.[50]

  • In 1925 D'Arcy Irvine was elected president and Dr Carruthers secretary.[51]

In this year the NSW Council joined with those of other States in hosting evangelist Gipsy Smith in 1926.[52]

  • Archdeacon Boyce was elected president in 1926.[53]
  • Methodist minister P. J. Stephen, founder of the Balmain Mission, was elected president in 1927.[54]
  • Dr A. J. Waldock, a Baptist minister, was elected president in 1928.[55]
  • In 1929 Rev. Victor Bell BA, a Methodist-cum-Presbyterian minister, and secretary since 1925, was elected president.[56]
  • In 1930 Albert Edward West (c. 1863 – 14 October 1945),[57] Congregational minister.[58] Their son was killed in the Great War.[59]
  • In 1930 the Council approved establishment of an AM radio station[60]
  • 1931 D. J. Davies was elected president.[61] In a radical departure from tradition, Archdeacon Davies was re-elected in 1932.
  • 1933 T. E. Rofe, former solicitor and lay leader of the Churches of Christ.[62]
  • 1934 William Cooper of the Society of Friends, Cadbury executive
  • 1935 Rev. W. H. Jones, who was also president of the Methodist conference 1930–31

In 1936 the Church of England formally withdrew its support for the Council.[63]

The Council established AM radio station 2CH, and held the licence until 1994, when it was sold to John Singleton. In 1944, the NSW Council of Churches sub-let the licence to Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) who provided program content for six days per week, with the Council of Churches being responsible for programming on Sundays. Josiah Thomas (politician)

South Australia

[edit]

Founded in 1896 with James Viner Smith (died 1916)[65] as president and Henry James Holden as Secretary.[66] Some other appointments were:

  • 1898 Rev. Robert Smith Casely[67] was elected president and James Gray secretary.[68]
  • 1900 Dr Jefferis was president and Charles Eaton Taplin (1857–1927) secretary. Taplin was a son of Rev. George Taplin
  • 1901 Rev. John Garrard Raws (died 1929) was elected president and Taplin returned as secretary.[69]
  • 1903 J. G. Raws, pres.
  • 1905 William Jeffries president; Taplin was still secretary[70]
  • 1906 Rev. S. Lenton pres.[71]
  • 1907 Rev. A. N. Marshall pres.[72]
  • 1908 James Delehanty (died 1920) secretary
  • 1909 Rev. George Davidson pres, replaced by E. Ashby

In 1910 the State Conference of the Churches of Christ, which was not associated with the Council, decided it was in their interest to send delegates to meetings.[73] In 1912 Rev. James Thomas, pastor of their Grote Street church, was elected president.[74]

Council was reorganised, details yet to find

Port Pirie Council of Churches was founded 1914[77]

In 1916 the Baptist Union withdrew from the Council of Churches[80]

  • 1917 J. Ernest James president and F. W. Norwood secretary

Council was reorganised to have four members each from each of Methodist, Presbyterian. Congregation, Baptist, Churches of Christ, Salvation Army, and Society of Friends; two from each to continue in following year.

  • 1918 Donald McNicol, pres.; Leslie W. Baker, sec.[81]
  • 1919 John Alfred Seymour pres.; J. E. Cresswell sec.
  • 1920 T. Gettes White, pres.; J. E. Cresswell sec.
  • 1921 T. Hagger president J. E. Cresswell sec.
  • 1921 F. J. Miles, pres.; H. Douglas Fearon, sec.[82]
  • 1922 Rev. G. Rayner president, J. E. Cresswell sec.[83]
  • 1923 J. A. Seymour, pres., left for Canada; J. E. Cresswell sec., left for New Zealand
  • 1925 E. M. Hall pres; G. Towner??
  • 1926 Professor J. R. Wilton pres; Sec. F. G. Harvey[84]
  • 1929 A. C. Weber pres; E. J. Stacy sec.[85]
  • 1932 W. Hawke[a] pres;
  • 1933 S. Carroll Myers pres;
  • 1934 H. R. Taylor pres; B. E. C. Tuck sec.[86]
  • 1936 A. C. Stevens pres;[87]
  • 1937 Gordon Rowe pres;
  • 1938 James Anderson pres;
  • 1941 A. Bungey pres; Theo Edwards sec.[88]
  • 1945 C. J. Brimlecombe refrained from criticising use of atomic bomb.[43]
  • 1946 J. E. Shipway pres; sec. E. H. Woollacott
  • 1948 Edward S. Kiek, pres; J. E. Shepherd sec.
  • 1949 E. H. Woollacott pres; J. E. Shepherd sec.[89]
  • 1950 Brig. F. L. Inglis pres; J. E. Shepherd sec.[90]

Edward Lucas (Australian politician) Jeffrey Driver George Taplin John Raymond Wilton

Western Australia

[edit]

1925 George Tulloch, president; H. H. Symons secretary[91]

Tasmania

[edit]

1928 E Unwin pres;


The Jane Franklin Hall was established by the Council in 1950 as a residential college for women before becoming co-educational in 1973. Tasman Bridge disaster

Australian Council

[edit]

The Australian Council of Churches was constituted on 23 September 1941 as a federation of State councils. 1941 C. Bernard Cockett pres; joint secretaries: Rev. George A. Judkins (Melbourne), and Rev. F. H. Rayward (Sydney)[92] 1948 S. Barton Babbage, pres; S. A. Eastman sec.[93]

It was associated with the World Council of Churches from that body's inception in 1942.

In July 1994 it was supplanted by the National Council of Churches in Australia (NCCA), which included the Roman Catholic Church (which had observer status in the ACC from 1965)[94] and some Orthodox churches, was founded to supplant the Australian Council of Churches. Bishops Bede Heather and Richard Appleby, Catholic and Anglican respectively, have been credited with its formation.[95]

Despite non-participation by the Lutheran, Baptist, Presbyterian and major Pentecostal churches, the Council claimed to represent 85 per cent of Australian Christians.[96]

In 2003 the Rev. David Muir Gill, general secretary of the council, was made OAM in recognition of his work with the NCCA.[97]

Difference? Australian Council of Churches and National Council of Churches

Australian Council of Churches (now the National Council of Churches in Australia)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Rev. William Hawke (1871–1946) was born at Kapunda, son of William Hawke of Cornish ancestry and educated at Kapunda, Willowie and Prince Alfred College. He was Congregational minister at Bordertown, Medindie, Henley Beach, Salisbury and Glenelg.

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Council of Churches in Victoria". The Argus (Melbourne). No. 14, 496. Victoria, Australia. 10 December 1892. p. 12. Retrieved 13 July 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. ^ "Dr Fitchett Dead". Evening News (Sydney). No. 19008. New South Wales, Australia. 26 May 1928. p. 6. Retrieved 20 August 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. ^ "Personal". The Argus (Melbourne). No. 17, 693. Victoria, Australia. 27 March 1903. p. 5. Retrieved 20 August 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
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  40. ^ "Should Council of Churches Be Federalised?". The Telegraph. Queensland, Australia. 16 September 1938. p. 3. Retrieved 19 August 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  41. ^ "Rev. Norman Millar". The Daily Mercury. Vol. 72, no. 111. Queensland, Australia. 11 May 1938. p. 6. Retrieved 17 August 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
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  43. ^ a b "Clergy Protest Against Use Of Atomic Bomb". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 33, 582. New South Wales, Australia. 10 August 1945. p. 5. Retrieved 18 August 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
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  93. ^ "Churches Oppose Wet Canteens". The Advertiser (Adelaide). South Australia. 17 September 1948. p. 6. Retrieved 15 July 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  94. ^ "Catholic church acts on council invitation". The Canberra Times. Vol. 63, no. 19, 600. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 7 June 1989. p. 30. Retrieved 16 July 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  95. ^ Graham Downie (4 July 1994). "Churches put their differences aside to keep the faith". The Canberra Times. Vol. 69, no. 21, 628. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. p. 2. Retrieved 16 July 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  96. ^ Graham Downie (27 June 1994). "New Christian council to represent 63pc of population". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. p. 5. Retrieved 16 July 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  97. ^ "The Queen's Birthday 2003 Honours". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette Special. No. S169. Australia, Australia. 9 June 2003. p. 1. Retrieved 16 July 2024 – via National Library of Australia.


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