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Fuseki (Japanese: 布石; simplified Chinese: 布局; traditional Chinese: 佈局; pinyin: Bùjú) is the whole board opening in the game of Go.
Since each move is typically isolated and unforced (i.e. not a sente move), patterns for play on the whole board have seen much less systematic study than for Joseki, which are often contact moves which require specific and immediate responses. Hence a game of Go may easily explore an unfamiliar path.
History[edit]
Pre-20th century[edit]
The development of fuseki was very limited in the distant past, because nearly all players' efforts were put into making corner plays and enclosures (Joseki). Until about 1900, professional players made use only of a relatively small proportion of the currently established patterns in the opening. The range of possibilities is great, and the number of high-level game records that are actually published is not low (only a few thousand a year).
First half of 20th century[edit]
Fuseki did not see significant improvement until the influence-oriented style of play evolved in the 20th century. Perhaps the most highly regarded pioneer player of the 20th century, Go Seigen, created an uproar when he played his third move (black 5) on the tengen, or center point in a game against the reigning Honinbo Shusai. An unwise move in classical thinking, it was considered an insult to someone of the Honinbo's stature. Go Seigen lost the controversial 4-month game (which is believed to be due to help from one of the Honinbo's students), but proved his ability against high-ranking opponents, even when employing such an unusual strategy.
Second half of 20th century[edit]
The concept of influence-oriented play gave birth to many revolutionary fuseki such as the two-star fuseki (nirensei fuseki), three-star fuseki (sanrensei fuseki) and so on. Many similar patterns have been tried and played in modern games. The Chinese fuseki, which was popularized by Chinese players in the 1970s, has a thoroughly-researched theory.
Since around 1990, there has been a succession of fashionable openings, largely a product of Korean professionals, which have been studied and played in a more chess-like manner (that is, with successive refinements hammered out in high-profile games). This style of innovation is actually something new to the go tradition, however; it is not the traditional way, and there is a large part of go strategy that remains unexplored to that degree of intensity.
Type of fuseki[edit]
Territorial approach[edit]
As played the standard 19x19 line goban, traditional strategy prioritizes playing corner enclosures, then to extend to the middle of the sides, and finally to the center because it is easier to secure territory in the corners than on the sides or in the center. The classical view, particularly for the 3–3, 3–4 or 4–3 point, emphasizes good points to play in the opening because these points ensure larger or faster corner enclosure. Higher points are discouraged. This approach has clearer goals (control territory in the corners) and is easier for beginners to grasp and play.
Influence-oriented approach[edit]
Unlike the territory-oriented playing style, this approach emphasizes control of the center. The reason for this is that one's play should not be narrowly focused on attempting to secure points quickly by occupying the corners first. Although it requires more effort to secure the center, it constitutes the majority of territory on the board. The key is to build a good framework in order to control the center of the board. Higher points like 4–4, 4–5 or 5–4 are encouraged. Some players occupy the side very quickly in order to build up a good framework, while some place their stones around the center. However, the influence-oriented approach is more abstract and harder for beginners to grasp and play.
Recognised names[edit]
Two Star Fuseki[edit]
Also known as the nirensei fuseki ...
Three Star Fuseki[edit]
Also known as the sanrensei fuseki ... something about Michael Redmond
Chinese Fuseki[edit]
The Chinese Fuseki (Japanese: 中国流布石, chūgokuryū fuseki; Chinese: 中国流布局, zhōngguóliú bùjú) is an opening pattern in the game of Go. It refers to the placement of Black 1, Black 3 and Black 5 at the start of the game; and so, depending on White's plays, is a complex of [whole-board go openings.
It is distinguished by rapid development on the side, rather than making a corner enclosure, inviting White to start an invasion. It has a fairly long history, originally used by Japanese player Hajime Yasunaga, and introduced to Chinese Go at a later stage, but the Chinese player Chen Zude pioneered it in top-level play.[1]
The Chinese style became very popular in Japan from about 1970 onwards, and has by Go standards a thoroughly-researched theory. It has two variants: high (with 5 in the diagram on the fourth line) and low (as depicted). There is also a so-called "mini"-Chinese fuseki, an attack against the opponent's corner and placement of a stone midway between the attacking stone and a friendly corner. These are now amongst the most important patterns in go opening theory.
(INSERT IMAGES OF DIFFERNT VARIATRIONS OF CHINESE FUSEKIS)
Kobayshi Fuseki[edit]
Named after Kobayashi Koichi, who has very often used this fuseki, it is similar to the mini Chinese fuseki. It emphasizes influence in order to shape out a big Moyo.
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| Kobayashi fuseki (Black)[2] |
Shusaku Fuseki[edit]
The Shusaku opening, or Shusaku fuseki (秀策流布石), is a famous[3][4] traditional fuseki for black. It was developed, but not invented, by Honinbo Shusaku.[5] It's influence was passed down through the Meiji, Taishō, and Shōwa eras.[6]
With its variants, it constituted the basis of the major theories of fuseki for nearly a century, until the 1930s, at which point the introduction of komidashi and major innovations under the shinfuseki opening occurred.[7] However, as a testimony to its effectiveness, this type of opening is still played by professionals when playing without a komi handicap.
The orthodox Shusaku fuseki is as follows:[4][2]
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| Shusaku (black) vs. Ōta Yūzo (white), 1853[2] |
Move 7 is famous Shusaku's kosumi,[8] which, Shusaku said, would not be a bad move no matter how Go theories develop.[9]
The opening was displayed in a Google doodle on 6 June 2014 – the 185th anniversary of Honinbo Shusaku's birth.[10][11]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "聂卫平点出中国流历史 安永一所创中国发扬光大". Sohu. 25 September 2009. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
- ^ a b c Komatsu, Hideki (2014). 基礎からわかる 小林流布石の教科書 (in Japanese). Mynavi Publishing. p. 24. ISBN 9784839953454. Retrieved 9 September 2021. Cite error: The named reference "Li2019" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Go, Seigen (2006). 吳清源世紀圍棋戰術大公開 (in Traditional Chinese). 漢宇. p. 107. ISBN 9789867046024. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
- ^ a b Rin, Kaiho (2013). 布石と置碁の急所 (in Japanese). マイナビ. p. 78. ISBN 9784839947941. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ "秀策流（しゅうさくりゅう）" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 September 2021.
- ^ Kiriyama, Keiichi (2009). 呉清源とその兄弟 (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. p. 412. ISBN 9784006031909. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
この秀策流の布石が、明治・大正・昭和と受け継がれてきている。
- ^ Chen, Shi-chang (2003). "旅日棋士三代情－張栩繼承香火榮登本因坊". Historical Monthly (in Traditional Chinese) (189): 79. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
[吳清源]和木谷實一起研究,發表了打破日本圍棋傳統「秀策流」布石理論的「新布石」
- ^ Hane, Naoki (2012). わかる! 勝てる!! 囲碁序盤の打ち方 (in Japanese). マイナビ. p. 182. ISBN 9784839944919. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ Go, Seigen (2004). 人生十八局: 现在我将这样下 (in Simplified Chinese). CITIC Press Group. p. 54. ISBN 9787800738494. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
- ^ Honinbo Shusaku's 185th Birthday, 6 June 2014
- ^ Elaine Burke (6 June 2014), "'Invincible' Go player Honinbo Shusaku's 185th birthday played out in Google Doodle", Silicon Republic
Further reading[edit]
- 相田隆太郎 (1958). 現代囲碁全書 (The Complete Book of Go in Modern Time), Vol.1: 秀策流布石とその新発展 (Shusaku Opening and Its New Development) (in Japanese). 大泉書店.
