User:Eewilson/ListOfSymphyotrichumSpecies
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| Symphyotrichum genus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Some Symphyotrichum species left–right, top–bottom are shown: S. carnerosanum, S. chilense, S. adnatum, S. lateriflorum, S. concolor, S. ericoides, S. defoliatum, S. ciliatum, S. novae-angliae. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Asteroideae |
| Tribe: | Astereae |
| Subtribe: | Symphyotrichinae |
| Genus: | Symphyotrichum |
Symphyotrichum is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Astereae which includes the commonly cultivated New York aster (S. novi-belgii) and New England aster (S. novae-angliae), among many others native from subarctic North America to Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands, including one into eastern Eurasia. It is the type genus of subtribe Symphyotrichinae.[1]
Most of the species in the genus are perennials and have flower heads with white, pink, purple, or blue ray florets surrounding white to yellow disk florets. The disk floret corollas become pink, purple, or brown after pollination. The three species in section Conyzopsis have reduced or absent ray florets.[2]
There are 96 species, some with varieties, and twelve named hybrids which are split into five subgenera: Chapmaniana, Astropolium, Virgulus, Ascendentes, and Symphyotrichum. Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters now are separated into monophyletic genera based on multiple phylogenetic studies.
Conventions[edit]
NatureServe conservation categories
-
NatureServe conservation categories Conservation status GX Presumed Extinct (0 species) GH Possibly Extinct (0 species) G1 Critically Imperiled (3 species) G2 Imperiled (9 species) G3 Vulnerable (7 species) G4 Apparently Secure (21 species) G5 Secure (35 species) Other categories GNA Not Applicable (8 species) GNR Not Ranked (0 species) NL Not listed (25 species)
Conservation status codes follow the NatureServe conservation (NS) rounded global status scheme. Hybrids have a column for parents in place of conservation status. Not listed (NL) is not a NatureServe category but is used to represent those left out of global status rankings up to G5 (including GNA in the key) and those not in NatureServe. Type species for each clade are in a separate table.
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation | Basionym | Year | Common name(s) [and subspecies or varieties] | NS | Habitat | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbreviated scientific name with link to the species article (hybrids do not have their own articles), with a picture, if available | Author citation | Basionym | Year of the original species description | Common name(s) and subspecies or varieties, if applicable | NatureServe conservation status | Habitat | Distribution map |
Classification[edit]
Classification of Symphyotrichum[edit]
Subtribe Symphyotrichinae contains six genera. In addition to Symphyotrichum, these are Almutaster, Ampelaster, Canadanthus, Psilactis,[3] and Sanrobertia,[4] with Symphyotrichum being the largest at 96 species and twelve named hybrids. The cladogram presented here for the subtribe is based on a combination of molecular and morphological data reported in multiple studies.[3][4][5]
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Cladogram references
|
Classification within Symphyotrichum[edit]
Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters were then separated based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic studies.[6][7] S. novae-angliae and S. turbinellum are monotypic within sections. S. novae-angliae is classified in the subgenus Virgulus. In 1994, it was placed in section Grandiflori, subsection Polyligulae.[8] In 2002, it was segregated within its own section Polyliguli.[9] The list follows the 2002 circumscription of section Polyliguli for the species. S. turbinellum is classified in the subgenus Symphyotrichum. It has been placed within its own section Turbinelli.[9] It was previously placed in section Symphyotrichum, subsection Turbinelli.[10] The list follows the more recent circumscription of section Turbinelli for the species.
Clades
- Symphyotrichum subg. Chapmaniana (Semple) Semple[9]
- Symphyotrichum subg. Astropolium (Nutt.) Semple[9]
- Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom[11]
- Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes (Rydb.) Semple[9]
- Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum[14]
| Taxonomic rank | Clade | Type species | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Symphyotrichum | S. novi-belgii | |
| Subgenus | Chapmaniana | S. chapmanii | [9] |
| Subgenus | Astropolium | S. tenuifolium | [9] |
| Subgenus | Virgulus | S. concolor | [11] |
| Section | Ericoidei | S. ericoides | [12] |
| Section | Patentes | S. patens | [12] |
| Subsection | Brachyphylli | S. walteri | [12] |
| Subsection | Patentes | S. patens | [12] |
| Section | Grandiflori | S. grandiflorum | [8] |
| Subsection | Mexicanae | S. moranense | [8] |
| Subsection | Grandiflori | S. grandiflorum | [8] |
| Section | Polyliguli | S. novae-angliae | [9] |
| Section | Concolores | S. concolor | [13] |
| Subgenus | Ascendentes | S. ascendens | [9] |
| Subgenus | Symphyotrichum | S. novi-belgii | [14] |
| Section | Conyzopsis | S. ciliatum | [15] |
| Section | Occidentales | S. spathulatum | [15] |
| Section | Turbinelli | S. turbinellum | [9] |
| Section | Symphyotrichum | S. novi-belgii | [14] |
| Subsection | Dumosi | S. dumosum | [10] |
| Subsection | Heterophylli | S. cordifolium | [9] |
| Series | Concinni | S. laeve | [9] |
| Series | Cordifolii | S. cordifolium | [9] |
| Subsection | Porteriani | S. porteri | [16] |
| Subsection | Symphyotrichum | S. novi-belgii | |
| Series | Punicei | S. puniceum | [9] |
| Series | Symphyotrichum | S. novi-belgii |
Species classifications
-
Symphyotrichum subg. Chapmaniana[ref 2]: 133subg. Astropolium[ref 2]: 133subg. Virgulus[ref 1]: 272subg. Symphyotrichum[ref 1]: 267sect. Conyzopsis[ref 1]: 271sect. Occidentales[ref 1]: 271sect. Turbinelli[ref 2]: 133sect. Symphyotrichum[ref 1]: 268Cladogram references
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Nesom, G.L. (September 1994). "Review of the Taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), Emphasizing the New World Species". Phytologia. 77 (3) (published 31 January 1995): 141–297. ISSN 0031-9430. Retrieved 23 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Semple, J.C.; Heard, S.B.; Brouillet, L. (2002). "Cultivated and Native Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae)". University of Waterloo Biology Series. 41. Ontario: University of Waterloo: 1–134.
- ^ Sugbenus Ascendentes is made up of two allopolyploid species with historic parents from subg. Virgulus and subg. Symphyotrichum.
Species list[edit]
Subgenus Chapmaniana[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. chapmanii |
(Torr. & A.Gray) Semple & Brouillet |
Aster chapmanii | 1841 | Savanna aster | G2 | Wetlands, bogs, acid swamps 0–30 m (0–100 ft) |
.png) |
Subgenus Astropolium[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties | NS [20] |
Habitat | Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. glabrifolium.jpg) |
(DC.) G.L.Nesom |
Erigeron glabrifolius | 1836 | NL | Wet meadows and stream edges 1,500–2,400 m (4,920–7,870 ft)[22] |
 | |
S. graminifolium.jpg) |
(Spreng.) G.L.Nesom |
Conyza graminifolia | 1826 | NL | Humid places[23] |  | |
S. martii.jpg) |
(Baker) G.L.Nesom |
Aster martii | 1882 | NL | Cerrado savanna, grasslands[24] |  | |
| S. patagonicum |
(Cabrera) G.L.Nesom |
Aster patagonicus | 1971 | NL | Mallines and lagoon edges 500–2,500 m (1,640–8,200 ft)[25] |
 | |
S. peteroanum.jpg) |
(Phil.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster peteroanus | 1894 | NL | Humid montane ecosystems 1,000–2,200 m (3,280–7,220 ft)[26] |
 | |
S. potosinum.jpg) |
(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster potosinus | 1880 | Santa Rita Mountain aster[19] | G2 | Muddy and wet soils on stream banks 1,500–1,900 m (4,920–6,230 ft)[19] |
 |
S. regnellii.jpg) |
(Baker) G.L.Nesom |
Aster regnellii | 1882 | NL | Swamps or damp savanna soils[26] |  | |
S. subulatum_iNat_(cropped).jpg) |
(Michx.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster subulatus | 1803 |
Five varieties[28]
|
G5 | Marshes, salt marshes, roadsides, lawns 0–4,000 m (0–13,120 ft)[28] |
 |
S. tenuifolium |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster tenuifolius | 1753 | Perennial saltmarsh aster[19] Two varieties[29]
|
G5 | Coastal salt marshes, brackish marshes, low pine woods 0–10 m (0–30 ft)[29] |
 |
S. vahlii |
(Gaudich.) G.L.Nesom |
Erigeron vahlii | 1825 |
Two varieties[17]
|
NL | Grassland, heathland, peaty soil, sandy soil 20–1,200 m (70–3,940 ft)[31] |
 |
Subgenus Virgulus[edit]
Subgenus Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom[11]
Section Ericoidei[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. ericoides |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster ericoides | 1753 | White heath aster Two varieties[17]
|
G5 | Open locations with sandy, gravelly, or disturbed soil 30–2,400 m (100–7,870 ft)[32] |
 |
S. falcatum_falcatus_(3301180835).jpg) |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster falcatus | 1834 |
Two varieties[17]
|
G5 | Well-drained soils, stream banks and slopes, and others 200–2,500 m (660–8,200 ft)[32] |
 |
Section Patentes[edit]
Section Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[12]
Subsection Brachyphylli[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. adnatum.jpg) |
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster adnatus | 1834 | Scaleleaf aster | G4 | Sandy soils, scrub, woods 0–100 m (0–330 ft) |
 |
S. walteri.jpg) |
(Alexander) G.L.Nesom |
Aster walteri | 1933 | Walter's aster | G4 | Sandy and clay soils, woods edges, open areas 0–100 m (0–330 ft) |
 |
Subsection Patentes[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. georgianum_(cropped).jpg) |
(Alexander) G.L.Nesom |
Aster georgianus | 1933 | Georgia aster | G3 | Sandy or clay soil, woodlands, mostly Piedmont 0–300 m (0–980 ft) |
 |
S. patens |
(Aiton) G.L.Nesom |
Aster patens | 1789 |
Three varieties[17]
|
G5 | Dry woodlands, sandy or clay soils, fields 0–1,000 m (0–3,280 ft)[32] |
 |
S. phlogifolium |
(Muhl. ex Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster phlogifolius | 1803 | Thinleaf late purple aster | G5 | Various soils, rich mesic hardwood forests 0–1,100 m (0–3,610 ft) |
 |
Section Grandiflori[edit]
Section Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[8]
Subsection Mexicanae[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) | NS [20] |
Habitat | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. bimater | (Standl. & Steyerm.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster bimater | 1944 | NL | Pine-oak woods, ravines, slopes, grassy openings 1,000–2,150 m (3,280–7,050 ft)[36] |
 | |
| S. chihuahuense | G.L.Nesom | 2018 | NL | Grassland, oak-pine woods 1,800–2,500 m (5,910–8,200 ft)[37] |
 | ||
S. hintonii.jpg) |
(G.L.Nesom) G.L.Nesom |
Aster hintonii | 1989 | NL | Oak and oak-pine woods 1,400–2,200 m (4,590–7,220 ft)[38] |
 | |
S. moranense |
(Kunth) G.L.Nesom |
Aster moranensis | 1818 | NL | Grassland, woodlands 1,000–2,750 m (3,280–9,020 ft)[39] |
 | |
| S. purpurascens | (Sch.Bip.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster purpurascens | 1854 | NL | Open woods 1,500–2,850 m (4,920–9,350 ft)[40] |
 | |
S. trilineatum_specimen_(cropped).jpg) |
(Sch.Bip. ex Klatt) G.L.Nesom |
Aster trilineatus | 1884 | NL | Mountains (sierra)[41] 975–2,840 m (3,200–9,320 ft)[42] |
 | |
S. turneri.jpg) |
(S.D.Sundb. & A.G.Jones) G.L.Nesom |
Aster moranensis var. turneri | 1986 | NL | Woods, along waterways, and in wet pastures 2,050–2,750 m (6,730–9,020 ft)[38] |
 |
Subsection Grandiflori[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. campestre
|
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster campestris | 1840 | Western meadow aster | G5 | Dry habitats, rocky and sandy soils near ponds and streams 1,500–2,500 m (4,920–8,200 ft) |
 |
| S. estesii | Semple[43] | 2019[43] |
|
G1 | Hydroxeric soils in open, sunny, flat prairies Approx. 330 m (1,070 ft)[a][45] |
May Prairie State Natural Area Coffee County, Tennessee (US)[44]  | |
S. fendleri |
(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster fendleri | 1849 | Fendler’s aster | G4 | Open, sandy, silty, shaly, often rocky soils and similar 600–2,000 m (1,970–6,560 ft) |
 |
S. fontinale.jpg) |
(Alexander) G.L.Nesom |
Aster fontinalis | 1933 | Florida water aster | G3 | Marshes, sandhills, hammocks, flood plains, streams 0–50 m (0–160 ft) |
 |
S. grandiflorum |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster grandiflorus | 1753 | Large-flowered aster | G4 | Sandy soils and hills, thickets, roadsides 0–200 m (0–660 ft) and higher |
 |
S. oblongifolium |
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster oblongifolius | 1818 |
|
G5 | Open and dry, rocky or sandy soils 100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft) |
 |
S. pygmaeum.jpg) |
(Lindl.) Brouillet & Selliah |
Aster pygmaeus | 1834 | Pygmy aster | G4 | Sandy or silty wet areas, gravelly tundra, tundra slopes 0–200 m (0–660 ft) |
 |
S. yukonense.jpg) |
(Cronquist) G.L.Nesom |
Aster yukonensis | 1945 | Yukon aster | G3 | Mud flats, rocky or silty lakeshores 300–1,500 m (980–4,920 ft) |
 |
Section Polyliguli[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [19] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. novae-angliae_(cropped).jpg) |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster novae-angliae | 1753 | New England aster | G5 | Open, typically moist habitats 0–1,600 m (0–5,250 ft) |
 |
Section Concolores[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. concolor |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster concolor | 1753 | Eastern silver aster Two varieties[17]
|
G5 | Scrub, flatwoods, fields, roadsides 0–600 m (0–1,970 ft)[32] |
 |
S. lucayanum.jpg) |
(Britton) G.L.Nesom |
Aster lucayanus | 1906 | Pineland aster[51] | NL | Pine woodlands and wetland edges[51] |  |
S. plumosum.jpg) |
(Small) Semple |
Aster plumosus | 1924 | G2 | Deep, sandy soils, pine flatwoods, pine-scrub oak woods 0–40 m (0–130 ft) |
 | |
S. pratense |
(Raf.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster pratensis | 1817 | Barrens silky aster | G4 | Prairies and fields, woodland and scrub, roadsides 0–500 m (0–1,640 ft) |
 |
S. sericeum |
(Vent.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster sericeus | 1800 | Western silvery aster | G5 | Many open habitats 100–500 m (330–1,640 ft) |
 |
Subgenus Virgulus named hybrids[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) | Parents | Habitat | Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. × amethystinum.jpg) |
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster amethystinus | 1840 | Amethyst aster[52] | S. ericoides × S. novae-angliae[53] |
Prairies or fields, disturbed ground, near parent plants 200–400 m (660–1,310 ft)[52] |
 |
| S. × batesii | (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster batesii | 1931 | S. ericoides × S. oblongifolium[54] |
 | ||
| S. × columbianum | (Piper) G.L.Nesom |
Aster columbianus | 1913 | S. campestre × S. ericoides[55] |
 |
Subgenus Ascendentes[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. ascendens |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster ascendens | 1834 |
|
G5 | Grasslands, sagebrush steppe, meadows 500–3,200 m (1,640–10,500 ft)[19] |
 |
S. defoliatum |
(Parish) G.L.Nesom |
Aster defoliatus | 1904 | San Bernardino aster | G2 | Seeps, marshes, swamps, meadows, montane forests, coastal scrubs[56] 0–2,050 m (0–6,730 ft)[57] |
 |
Subgenus Symphyotrichum[edit]
Section Conyzopsis[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [19] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. ciliatum |
(Ledeb.) G.L.Nesom |
Erigeron ciliatus | 1829 |
|
G5 | Moist prairies, steppes, salty areas (natural or manmade) 0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft) |
 |
S. frondosum |
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom |
Tripolium frondosum | 1840 | Short-rayed alkali aster | G4 | Wet meadows, marshes, saline conditions 10–2,200 m (30–7,220 ft) |
 |
S. laurentianum.jpg) |
(Fernald) G.L.Nesom |
Aster laurentianus | 1914 | Gulf of St. Lawrence aster | G1 | Brackish or salty marshes, shores, and dunes Sea level (0 m (0 ft)) |
 |
Section Occidentales[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. chilense.jpg) |
(Nees) G.L.Nesom |
Aster chilensis | 1832 |
|
G5 | Coastal salt marshes, dunes and banks, grasslands, coniferous forests 0–500 m (0–1,640 ft) |
 |
S. eatonii_(cropped).jpg) |
(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster foliaceus var. eatonii | 1884 | Eaton's aster | G5 | Sunny wetlands 500–3,100 m (1,640–10,170 ft) |
 |
S. foliaceum |
(Lindl. ex DC.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster foliaceus | 1836 |
|
G5 | Meadows, open areas in woods, slopes, grasslands 1,000–3,600 m (3,280–11,810 ft)[32][59] |
 |
S. greatae.jpg) |
(Parish) G.L.Nesom |
Aster greatae | 1902 | Greata's aster[60] | G2 | Damp places in canyons of the south slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains of California 300–2,000 m (980–6,560 ft)[60] |
 |
S. hallii |
(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster hallii | 1872 | Hall's aster | G4 | Grasslands and meadows with summer dryness 0–500 m (0–1,640 ft) |
 |
S. hendersonii_hendersonii_isotype_HUH00003650_(cropped).jpg) |
(Fernald) G.L.Nesom |
Aster hendersonii | 1895 | Henderson's aster | G4 | Meadows, forest openings, banks 1,000–1,500 m (3,280–4,920 ft) and higher |
 |
S. jessicae.jpg) |
(Piper) G.L.Nesom |
Aster jessicae | 1898 | Jessica's aster | G2 | Dry grasslands, meadows, banks, woodland openings 500–1,200 m (1,640–3,940 ft) |
 |
S. lentum.jpg) |
(Greene) G.L.Nesom |
Aster lentus | 1894 | Suisun marsh aster | G2 | Freshwater marshes and swamps[63] 0–300 m (0–980 ft)[64] |
 |
S. molle.jpg) |
(Rydb.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster mollis | 1901 | Soft aster | G3 | Dry montane meadows 2,000–3,000 m (6,560–9,840 ft) |
 |
S. spathulatum.jpg) |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster spathulatus | 1834 | Western mountain aster Three varieties[66]
|
G5 | Montane meadows, open woodlands 100–2,900 m (330–9,510 ft)[66] |
 |
S. subspicatum |
(Nees) G.L.Nesom |
Aster subspicatus | 1832 | Douglas's aster | G5 | Disturbed and weedy open areas, marshes, thickets 0–1,000 m (0–3,280 ft) |
 |
Section Turbinelli[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [19] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. turbinellum.jpg) |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster turbinellus | 1835 | Prairie aster | G4 | Generally dry, acidic soils 60–900 m (200–2,950 ft) |
 |
Section Symphyotrichum[edit]
Subsection Dumosi[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. boreale |
(Torr. & A.Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve |
Aster laxifolius var. borealis | 1841 |
|
G5 | Calcareous areas, wetland areas 0–1,500 m (0–4,920 ft) |
 |
| S. bullatum |
(Klatt) G.L.Nesom |
Aster bullatus | 1894 | NL | Wet ledges[67] 37–1,750 m (120–5,740 ft)[68] |
 | |
S. burgessii_isotype_inflorescence.jpeg) |
(Britton) G.L.Nesom |
Aster burgessii | 1914 | NL | Rocky river banks[69] |  | |
S. carnerosanum |
(S.Watson) G.L.Nesom |
Aster carnerosanus | 1891 | NL | 495–2,850 m (1,620–9,350 ft)[71] |  | |
S. dumosum.jpg) |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster dumosus | 1753 | Bushy aster | G5 | Wetlands, muddy or mucky areas, sand, woods 0–700 m (0–2,300 ft) |
 |
S. eulae.jpg) |
(Shinners) G.L.Nesom |
Aster eulae | 1950 | Eula's aster | G4 | Part shade, soils with clay or silt, bottom areas or stream banks 0–100 m (0–330 ft) |
 |
S. lanceolatum |
(Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster lanceolatus | 1803 |
Five varieties[73]
|
G5 | Stream banks, thickets, borders, ditches, meadows, mucky soils (depending on variety) 10–2,700 m (30–8,860 ft)[73] |
 |
S. lateriflorum.jpg) |
(L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve |
Solidago lateriflora | 1753 |
|
G5 | Mostly shade, dry to humid soils, woodland edges 0–400 m (0–1,310 ft) |
 |
S. leone.jpg) |
(Britton) G.L.Nesom |
Aster leonis | 1920 | NL | Marshes[75] |  | |
S. nahanniense.jpg) |
(Cody) Semple |
Aster nahanniensis | 1974 | Nahanni aster | G3 | Stream banks near hot mineral springs About 1,000 m (3,280 ft) |
Nahanni National Park Reserve Northwest Territories (Canada)[76][19]  |
S. ontarionis.jpg) |
(Wiegand) G.L.Nesom |
Aster ontarionis | 1928 |
Two varieties[17]
|
G5 | Moist soils or shores, other wetlands, field edges 10–300 m (30–980 ft)[32] |
 |
S. praealtum |
(Poir.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster praealtus | 1811 |
|
G5 | Usually moist and wet areas 0–400 m (0–1,310 ft) |
 |
S. racemosum |
(Elliott) G.L.Nesom |
Aster racemosus | 1823 |
|
G4 | Moist to wet, often brackish, soils 0–200 m (0–660 ft) |
 |
| S. schaffneri |
(S.D.Sundb. & A.G.Jones) G.L.Nesom |
Aster schaffneri | 1986 | NL |  | ||
S. simmondsii.jpg) |
(Small) G.L.Nesom |
Aster simmondsii | 1913 | Simmonds' aster | G4 | Moist to dry soils 0–50 m (0–160 ft) |
 |
S. tradescantii.jpg) |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster tradescantii | 1753 |
|
G4 | Shores, streams, freshwater estuaries 0–200 m (0–660 ft) |
 |
S. welshii.jpg) |
(Cronquist) G.L.Nesom |
Aster welshii | 1994 | Welsh's aster | G2 | Wet soils in dry areas 1,300–2,300 m (4,270–7,550 ft) |
 |
Subsection Heterophylli[edit]
Subsection Heterophylli (Nees) Semple[9]
Series Concinni[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. laeve.jpg) |
(L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve |
Aster laevis | 1753 | Smooth aster Four varieties[79]
|
G5 | Open and dry habitats 0–2,400 m (0–7,870 ft) |
 |
S. oolentangiense.jpg) |
(Riddell) G.L.Nesom |
Aster oolentangiensis | 1835 |
|
G5 | Dry or dry to wet habitats 50–500 m (160–1,640 ft) |
 |
Series Cordifolii[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. anomalum |
(Engelm.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster anomalus | 1843 | Manyray aster | G4 | Dry soils over limestone, acid soils 50–500 m (160–1,640 ft) |
 |
S. ciliolatum.jpg) |
(Lindl.) Á.Löve & D.Löve |
Aster ciliolatus | 1836 |
|
G5 | Rich, open deciduous forests, trails, stream banks 0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft) |
 |
S. cordifolium |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster cordifolius | 1753 |
|
G5 | Mostly rich, moist soils and woods 0–1,200 m (0–3,940 ft) |
 |
S. drummondii.jpg) |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster drummondii | 1835 | Drummond's aster Two varieties[82]
|
G5 | Old fields, woodlands, savannas depending on variety[83] 0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)[82] |
 |
S. shortii.jpg) |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster shortii | 1834 | Short's aster | G5 | Thin rocky soils of woodlands and thickets often around limestone bluffs 100–500 m (330–1,640 ft) |
 |
S. undulatum |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster undulatus | 1753 | Wavyleaf aster | G5 | Dry or well-drained loamy or rocky soils 200–1,500 m (660–4,920 ft) |
 |
S. urophyllum |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster urophyllus | 1836 |
|
G4 | Open, dry to mesic habitats 40–300 m (130–980 ft) and higher |
 |
Subsection Porteriani[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. depauperatum |
(Fernald) G.L.Nesom |
Aster depauperatus | 1908 |
|
G2 | Serpentine or diabasic soils 400–1,000 m (1,310–3,280 ft) |
 |
S. parviceps.jpg) |
(E.S.Burgess) G.L.Nesom |
Aster ericoides var. parviceps | 1898 |
|
G4 | Dry, sandy, or loamy soils; barrens, fields, roadsides, old cemeteries 200–400 m (660–1,310 ft) |
 |
S. pilosum |
(Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster pilosus | 1803 |
Two varieties[85]
|
G5 | Various and many, depending on variety 0–1,100 m (0–3,610 ft) |
 |
S. porteri.jpg) |
(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster porteri | 1881 |
|
G3 | Rocky Mountain foothills 1,800–2,900 m (5,910–9,510 ft) |
 |
S. priceae.jpg) |
(Britton) G.L.Nesom |
Aster priceae | 1901 |
|
G4 | Broken limestone on cedar glades and roadsides 200–400 m (660–1,310 ft) |
 |
Subsection Symphyotrichum[edit]
Series Punicei[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. elliottii.jpg) |
(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster elliottii | 1841 | Elliott's aster | G4 | Swamps, bogs, marshes, brackish marshes 0–50 m (0–160 ft) |
 |
S. firmum.png) |
(Nees) G.L.Nesom |
Aster firmus | 1818 | Glossy-leaved aster | G5 | Wet soils, fens, marshes 100–400 m (330–1,310 ft) |
 |
S. prenanthoides |
(Muhl. ex Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster prenanthoides | 1803 | Crookedstem aster | G4 | Mostly wetlands such as swamps and seeps 100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft) |
 |
S. puniceum |
(L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve |
Aster puniceus | 1753 |
Two varieties[88]
|
G5 | Wetlands 0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft)[88] |
 |
S. rhiannon.jpg) |
Weakley & Govus | 2004 |
|
G1 | Serpentine barrens 900–1,300 m (2,950–4,270 ft) |
Buck Creek Serpentine Barrens,[89] Clay County, North Carolina (US)[90]  |
Series Symphyotrichum[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. anticostense.jpg) |
(Fernald) G.L.Nesom |
Aster anticostensis | 1915 | Anticosti aster | G3 | Calcareous river shores, limestone lake shores 0–100 m (0–330 ft) |
 |
S. novi-belgii.jpg) |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster novi-belgii | 1753 | New York aster Four varieties[17]
|
G5 | Mostly sea or stream shores, thickets, dunes, barrens (depending on variety) 0–800 m (0–2,620 ft)[32] |
 |
S. retroflexum.jpg) |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster retroflexus | 1836 | Rigid whitetop aster | G4 | Moist or dry wooded areas, moist meadows 400–1,500 m (1,310–4,920 ft) |
 |
S. robynsianum |
(J.Rousseau) Brouillet & Labrecque | Aster robynsianus | 1957 | Robyn's aster | G5 | Moist, open, sandy, gravelly, or rocky habitats 10–400 m (30–1,310 ft) |
 |
Subgenus Symphyotrichum named hybrids[edit]
| Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) | Parents | Habitat | Distribution [17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. × finkii | (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster finkii | 1931 | S. cordifolium × S. shortii[93] | Wooded bluffs and fencerows[94] |  | |
S. × gravesii_specimen_(cropped).jpg) |
(E.S.Burgess) G.L.Nesom |
Aster gravesii | 1901 | Graves' aster[96] | S. dumosum × S. laeve[97] | Dry woods[96] |  |
S. × longulum.jpg) |
(E.Sheld.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster longulus | 1894 | S. boreale × S. puniceum[98] | Swampy and marshy areas[99] |  | |
S. × salignum.jpg) |
(Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster salignus | 1803 | S. lanceolatum var. lanceolatum × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[100] |  | ||
S. × schistosum.jpg) |
(E.S.Steele) G.L.Nesom |
Aster schistosus | 1911 | S. cordifolium × S. laeve[101] | Shale gravel, dry hills[102] |  | |
S. × subgeminatum.jpg) |
(Fernald) G.L.Nesom |
Aster foliaceus var. subgeminatus | 1915 | S. ciliolatum × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[103] |
|
 | |
S. × tardiflorum.jpg) |
(L.) Greuter, M.V.Agab. & Wagenitz |
Aster tardiflorus | 1763 | S. cordifolium × S. puniceum[105] | Along streams[106] |  | |
S. × versicolor.jpg) |
(Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster versicolor | 1803 | Late Michaelmas daisy[107] | S. laeve var. laeve × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[108] |  | |
S. × woldenii.jpg) |
(Rydb.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster woldenii | 1931 | S. laeve × S. praealtum[109] |  |
Notes[edit]
- ^ Elevation in the May Prairie State Natural Area.
- ^ In FNA as Symphyotrichum cusickii.[59]
- ^ The locations are from the USDA PLANTS Database with added county information from two sources. Iowa[17][93] — Fayette[95]; West Virginia — no county information[93]; Wisconsin — Eau Claire, Grant,[94] and Waupaca.[93]
- ^ There is also an extensive presence of Symphyotrichum × salignum in Europe and western Asia in the following countries: Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Yugoslavia.[17]
Citations[edit]
- ^ Nesom 1994a, p. 212.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2006.
- ^ a b Morgan & Holland 2012, p. 818.
- ^ a b Nesom 2018a, p. 1.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2009, p. 12.
- ^ Löve 1982, pp. 358–359.
- ^ Nesom 1994b.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Nesom 1994b, p. 273.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Semple, Heard & Brouillet 2002, p. 133.
- ^ a b c d Nesom 1994b, p. 269.
- ^ a b c Nesom 1994b, p. 272.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Nesom 1994b, p. 274.
- ^ a b c Nesom 1994b, p. 275.
- ^ a b c d Nesom 1994b, p. 268.
- ^ a b c d e f Nesom 1994b, p. 271.
- ^ a b c Nesom 1994b, p. 270.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be POWO 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap IPNI 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb Brouillet et al. 2006, search for species name.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w NatureServe 2021.
- ^ NRCS 2014c.
- ^ a b Sancho & Ariza Espinar 2003, p. 10 as Aster glabrifolius.
- ^ Sancho & Ariza Espinar 2003, pp. 9–10 as Aster cabrerae.
- ^ a b Heiden 2020.
- ^ a b Sancho & Ariza Espinar 2003, pp. 10–11.
- ^ a b c d Sancho & Ariza Espinar 2003, p. 11.
- ^ Hassler 2021.
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum subulatum varieties.
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum tenuifolium varieties.
- ^ Hind & Strange 2019, p. 390.
- ^ Hind & Strange 2019, pp. 387–390.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Brouillet et al. 2006, search for species name and varieties.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum falcatum var. commutatum.
- ^ NRCS 2014a.
- ^ a b Nesom 2018b, p. 6.
- ^ a b c Nesom 2018b, p. 5.
- ^ a b c d Nesom 2018b, p. 3.
- ^ a b Nesom 2018b, p. 2.
- ^ Nesom 2018b, pp. 4–5.
- ^ Nesom 1989.
- ^ a b GBIF.org 2021b.
- ^ a b Semple 2019a, p. 1.
- ^ a b Semple 2019b.
- ^ Semple 2019a, pp. 1, 7, 9.
- ^ GBIF.org 2021c.
- ^ SERNEC 2021.
- ^ Semple 2019c.
- ^ Semple 2014a.
- ^ Semple 2014b.
- ^ a b c Leon Levy Native Plant Preserve n.d.
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum × amethystinum.
- ^ NRCS 2014b.
- ^ NRCS 2014h.
- ^ NRCS 2014n.
- ^ CNPS 2021a.
- ^ a b Allen 2012, Symphyotrichum defoliatum.
- ^ Allen 2012, Symphyotrichum chilense.
- ^ a b c Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum cusickii.
- ^ a b c Allen 2012, Symphyotrichum greatae.
- ^ NRCS 2014d.
- ^ NRCS 2014o.
- ^ a b CNPS 2021b.
- ^ Allen 2012, Symphyotrichum lentum.
- ^ Montana Natural Heritage Program n.d.
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum spathulatum varieties.
- ^ Fernald 1900, as Aster jalapensis.
- ^ GBIF.org 2021a.
- ^ Britton 1914, pp. 14–15.
- ^ GBIF.org 2021e.
- ^ GBIF.org 2021d.
- ^ TORCH 2021.
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum varieties.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. hesperium.
- ^ Britton 1920, p. 114.
- ^ Parks Canada 2021.
- ^ Sundberg & Jones 1986, pp. 175–176.
- ^ Semple 2021a.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum laeve varieties.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum laeve var. geyeri.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2020.
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum drummondii varieties.
- ^ Wilhelm & Rericha 2017, p. 1098.
- ^ Gustafson & Latham 2005, p. 1447.
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum pilosum varieties.
- ^ NRCS 2014e.
- ^ Britton 1901, p. 960.
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum puniceum varieties.
- ^ Kauffman et al. 2004.
- ^ NRCS 2014f.
- ^ NRCS 2014p.
- ^ Semple 2021b.
- ^ a b c d e NRCS 2014g.
- ^ a b Shinners 1941, p. 407.
- ^ Rydberg 1931, p. 102.
- ^ a b Britton 1901, pp. 961–962.
- ^ NRCS 2014i.
- ^ NRCS 2014j.
- ^ Sheldon 1894.
- ^ Verloove 2014a.
- ^ NRCS 2014k.
- ^ Steele 1911, p. 373.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum ciliolatum.
- ^ Fernald 1915, p. 16.
- ^ NRCS 2014l.
- ^ Gray 1884, p. 194.
- ^ GRIN n.d.
- ^ Verloove 2014b.
- ^ NRCS 2014m.
References[edit]
- Allen, G.A. (2012). In Jepson Flora Project (ed.). Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
- Britton, N.L. (1901). Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Canada. New York: H. Holt and Co. Retrieved 27 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- Britton, N.L. (January 1914). "Studies of West Indian Plants—V". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 41 (1). New York: 1–24. doi:10.2307/2479432. JSTOR 2479432.
- Britton, N.L. (1920). "Descriptions of Cuban Plants New to Science". Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 16 (2). Seeman Printery: 114. ISSN 0097-3807. LCCN gs14000849. OCLC 1767639. Retrieved 26 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
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- Fernald, M.L. (1900). "III. Some Undescribed Mexican Phanerogams, Chiefly Labiatae and Solanaceae". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 35. Boston: Metcalf and Co.: 572–573. doi:10.2307/25129968. JSTOR 25129968. S2CID 89799164. Retrieved 19 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
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- GBIF.org (28 August 2021c). GBIF Occurrence Download [Symphyotrichum fontinale]. doi:10.15468/dl.szzc9y.
- GBIF.org (29 August 2021d). GBIF Occurrence Download [Symphyotrichum carnerosanum]. doi:10.15468/dl.fyecyj.
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- Gray, A. (1884). Synoptical Flora of North America. Vol. 1:2. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 17 September 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
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- Gustafson, D.J.; Latham, R.E. (June 2005). "Is the Serpentine Aster, Symphyotrichum depauperatum (Fern.) Nesom, a Valid Species and Actually Endemic to Eastern Serpentine Barrens?". Biodiversity and Conservation. 14 (6): 1445–1452. doi:10.1007/s10531-004-9670-x. S2CID 32930093. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021 – via ResearchGate (free).
{{cite journal}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 6 September 2021 suggested (help) - Hassler, M. (17 March 2021). "Symphyotrichum potosinum (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom – World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World". In Roskov, Y.; Ower, G.; Orrell, T.; Nicolson, D.; Bailly, N.; Kirk, P.M.; Bourgoin, T.; DeWalt, R.E.; Decock, W.; van Nieukerken, E.J.; Penev, L. (eds.). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 10 June 2021. Leiden, Netherlands: Naturalis Biodiversity Center. ISSN 2405-8858. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
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- IPNI (2021). "International Plant Names Index". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens.
- Kauffman, G.L.; Nesom, G.L.; Weakley, A.S.; Govus, T.E.; Cotterman, L.M. (2004). "A New Species of Symphyotrichum (Asteraceae: Astereae) from a Serpentine Barren in Western North Carolina". SIDA, Contributions to Botany. 21: 827–839. ISSN 0036-1488. Retrieved 8 September 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- Leon Levy Native Plant Preserve (n.d.). "Symphyotrichum lucayanum". www.levypreserve.org. Nassau: Bahamas National Trust. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- Löve, Á. (May 1982). "IOPB Chromosome Number Reports LXXV". Taxon. 31 (2). Utrecht, Netherlands: International Bureau for Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature: 342–368. doi:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1982.tb02378.x. ISSN 0040-0262. JSTOR 1220008.
- Montana Natural Heritage Program (n.d.). "Montana Field Guide: Soft Aster — Symphyotrichum molle". fieldguide.mt.gov. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
- Morgan, D.R.; Holland, B. (2012). "Systematics of Symphyotrichinae (Asteraceae: Astereae): Disagreements Between Two Nuclear Regions Suggest a Complex Evolutionary History". Systematic Botany. 37 (3). American Society of Plant Taxonomists: 818–832. doi:10.1600/036364412X648760. JSTOR 41515169. S2CID 84007309.
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