User:Emarieg15/sandbox
Definition[edit]
This term is primarily used in the United Kingdom and is not yet used in other areas.
Types of Interactions[edit]
Sexual bullying can involve spreading rumours about someone's sexuality or sex life[1], or showing or posting sexual comments, photos, or videos[2], such as revenge porn.
Associated effects and risks[edit]
Bullying victimization occurs more frequently in sexual minorities than heterosexual individuals.[3][4] Sexual orientation-related physical bullying significantly correlates with mental distress and symptoms of trauma.[3] When bullying co-occurs with adverse childhood experiences (see: Adverse Childhood Experiences Study), greater lifetime health disparities and health risk behaviours appear.[3] Bullying, especially in adolescents, can lead to depression and suicidal ideation.[5] Bullied sexual minority females are more likely to experience depression and suicidal ideation than their sexual minority male and heterosexual counterparts.[4]
Anti-gay physical bullying, along with sexual abuse and verbal bullying, can lead to psychosocial health problems, which can be a predictor of risky sex behaviours.[6] Men who have sex with men in the United States and Canada have a higher prevalence of HIV than any other cohort.[6]
Adverse Childhood Experiences Study
Stub waiting to be created: Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ)
Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) is a 43-item screening questionnaire[7] intended to measure types of childhood abuse or trauma; neglect; household dysfunction; peer violence; sexual and emotional abuse, and exposure to community and collective violence.[8][9] ACE-IQ is meant to be administered to people 18 years or older in all countries, and is currently undergoing validation testing.[8][9]
- ^ Maxwell, C.; Wharf, H. "Stop sexual bullying: Preventing violence, promoting equality: Act now" (PDF). WOMANKIND Worldwide. WOMANKIND Worldwide. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
- ^ "Sexual harassment and sexual bullying". TeensHealth. The Nemours Foundation. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
- ^ a b c Andersen, J. P.; Zou, C.; Blosnich, J. (2015). "Multiple early victimization experiences as a pathway to explain physical health disparities among sexual minority and heterosexual individuals" (PDF). Social Science & Medicine. 133: 111–119. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.043. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
- ^ a b Dunn, H. K.; Clark, M. A.; Pearlman, D. N. (2015). "The relationship between sexual history, bullying victimization, and poor mental health outcomes among heterosexual and sexual minority high school students: A feminist perspective". Journal of Interpersonal Violence: 1-23. doi:10.1177/0886260515599658. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
- ^ Alavi, N.; Roberts, N.; Sutton, C.; Axas, N.; Repetti, L. (2015). "Bullying victimization (being bullied) among adolescents referred for urgent psychiatric consultation: Prevalence and association with suicidality". The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 60 (10): 427. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
- ^ a b Tulloch, T. G.; Rotondi, N. K.; Ing, S.; Myers, T.; Calzavara, L. M.; Loutfy, M. R.; Hart, T. A. (2015). "Retrospective reports of developmental stressors, syndemics, and their association with sexual risk outcomes among gay men". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 44 (7): 1879–1889. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0479-3. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
- ^ Kazeem, O. T. (2015). "A Validation of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale in Nigeria". Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. 5 (11): 18–23. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
- ^ a b "Violence and Injury Prevention: Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ)". World Health Organization. WHO. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
- ^ a b Almuneef, M.; Qayad, M.; Aleissa, M.; Albuhairan, F. (2014). "Adverse childhood experiences, chronic diseases, and risky health behaviors in Saudi Arabian adults: A pilot study". Child Abuse & Neglect. 38 (11): 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.06.003. Retrieved 29 November 2015.