User:Gitz6666/sources

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Katchanovski[edit]

The analysis in this paper was cited favourably by scholars including Free University of Berlin's Volodymyr Ishchenko,[1][2] Richard Sakwa,[3] Cambridge University’s David Lane,[4] Luiz Alberto Moniz Bandeira,[5] UQAM's David Mandel,[6] and Stephen F. Cohen,[7] and by former diplomat Jack Matlock[8] as well as The Nation,[9] Jacobin,[10] and Jyllands-Posten.[11]

Katchanovski's original paper was criticised by scholars David R. Marples (who called it "not academic", "chaotic" and "politically driven"), University of Calgary's Bohdan Harasymiw, Taras Kuzio and Serhiy Kvit, as well as media outlet The Bulwark.[2][12][13][14][15] Marples also stated that Katchanovski "has raised some new evidence that suggests new investigations into the sniper massacres are much needed," "the official version of events is indeed deeply troublesome and his gathering of new material is commendable" and "his paper does provide evidence that there were several separate groups of snipers, including anti-government ones."[2]

[...]

In 2018, Katchanovski promoted a false theory that Georgian snipers had orders from Maidan leaders to shoot maidan protestors. This theory was also promoted by Vladimir Putin.[16]


I don't have access to this article either:

  • Marples, David R. (2016-03-16). "Russia's perceptions of Ukraine: Euromaidan and historical conflicts". European Politics and Society. 17 (4). Informa UK Limited: 424–437. doi:10.1080/23745118.2016.1154129. ISSN 2374-5118.

However, in 2014 David R. Marples criticised Katchanovski's paper here [1]. As you'll see, he mentions Ishchenko's positive assessment, describes the paper as "unpublished research paper that has not yet been peer reviewed", poorly written, difficult to follow, "politically driven", "based on preconceived conclusion", and apparently self-contradictory. However, he also says the following:

Not all of Dr. Katchanovski’s findings should be dismissed. He has raised some new evidence that suggests new investigations into the sniper massacres are much needed. The official version of events is indeed deeply troublesome and his gathering of new material is commendable. His paper does provide evidence that there were several separate groups of snipers, including anti-government ones.

Editors acrive on the talk page (not me) have compiled a list of sources and also written a paragraph, later removed, on the reception of K's theory. For your convinience, I post it here:

The analysis in this paper was cited favourably by scholars including Free University of Berlin's Volodymyr Ishchenko,[17][2] Richard Sakwa,[18] Cambridge University’s David Lane,[19] Luiz Alberto Moniz Bandeira,[20] UQAM's David Mandel,[21] and Stephen F. Cohen,[22] and by former diplomat Jack Matlock[23] as well as The Nation,[24] Jacobin,[25] and Jyllands-Posten.[26]. Katchanovski's original paper was criticised by scholars David R. Marples (who called it "not academic", "chaotic" and "politically driven"), University of Calgary's Bohdan Harasymiw, Taras Kuzio and Serhiy Kvit, as well as media outlet The Bulwark.[2][27][28][29][30]

Among those who apparently accepted K.'s theory, the most surprising is Jack Matlock, former US ambassador to the Soviet Union and an academic at Princeton. Amon the notable authors: Richard Sakwa (Emeritus Professor of Russian and European politics at the University of Kent), Stephen F. Cohen (Professor Emeritus of Politics at Princeton University and New York University) and Luiz Alberto Moniz Bandeira (Professor of Political Science at São Paulo University, named "Brazilian Intellectual of 2005" by the Unión Brasileña de Escritores, awarded the Order of Rio Branco, the Order of May, and the German Cross of Merit), plus a few non-notable readers at Cambridge and Frei Univerisitaet Berlin (Ishchenko).

My personal view is that Katchanovski's theory is minor but not WP:FRINGE. Sooner or later a discussion at FG/N could be necessary, because we cannot leave the main articles Euromaidan and Revolution of Dignity in the poor conditions they are in now: with regard to the massacre they are a disorderly and unintelligible collection of news reports, all published in the immediate aftermath of the event (i.e., in 2014). We don't even report the findings of the 2015 report of the International Advisory Panel on its review of the Maidan Investigations. An excerpt of the report is revealing because it helps to explain the proliferation of FRINGE/not so FRINGE theories in the after-Maidan:

the investigation into that incident [shootings on 20 February] demonstrates serious instances of a lack of co-operation and obstructiveness that appear to have been symptomatic of the difficulties encountered by the PGO in investigating wrong-doing by law enforcement officers ... The investigation of Berkut officers ... is illustrative of a lack of co-operation and obstruction by the MoI which seriously impeded progress in this key investigation ... the serious investigative deficiencies identified in this Report have undermined the authorities’ ability to establish the circumstances of the Maidan-related crimes and to identify those responsible.

Somewhere in my sandboxes I believe I have a few notes/sources on this (I should ask VM's help to find them ). Anyway, in re-writing the section I believe we should follow and expand on the balanced approach of D'Anieri, Paul J. (2019). Ukraine and Russia : from civilized divorce to uncivil war. Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-1-108-48609-5. OCLC 1097455586.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

There is considerable speculation concerning who was shooting at whom on February 20. There have been allegations that a “third force” was shooting at both sides, trying to spur on the conflict, from high in the Hotel Ukraina, overlooking Instytutska Street and the Maidan. Some point to Georgians, some to Ukrainians, and some to Russians. The chaos of the day and the intense efforts at disinformation that have ensued have made it impossible to disconfirm these theories. The most sophisticated effort to address the issue, carried out at Carnegie Mellon University, found conclusively that at least some of the protestors on Instytutska Street were killed by Berkut forces on the ground

Final note. I believe all this is off-topic here. Katchanovski's theory is that the shooting were coming from the Maidan-controlled buildings. If he is right, the question "who was in those buildings?" remains open. One possible answer is "Georgian snipers". The text of the article now says that he in 2018 he "promoted" the theory of the Georgian snipers by sharing a tweet that Oliver Stone re-twitted and a newspaper published. It is nonsense and should be removed.

Katchanovski References[edit]

  1. ^ Ishchenko, Volodymyr (2016-10-01). "Far right participation in the Ukrainian Maidan protests: an attempt of systematic estimation". European Politics and Society. 17 (4): 453–472. doi:10.1080/23745118.2016.1154646. ISSN 2374-5118. S2CID 156830359.
  2. ^ a b c d e David R. Marples (2014-10-23). "The Snipers' Massacre in Kyiv". Current Politics in Ukraine. Retrieved 2022-06-19. reprinted in Euromaidan Press Cite error: The named reference "Marples" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ Sakwa, Richard (2014-12-18). Frontline Ukraine: Crisis in the Borderlands. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85773-804-2.
  4. ^ Lane, David (2016-10-01). "The International Context: Russia, Ukraine and the Drift to East-West Confrontation". International Critical Thought. 6 (4): 623–644. doi:10.1080/21598282.2016.1242084. ISSN 2159-8282. S2CID 157373994.
  5. ^ Moniz Bandeira, Luiz Alberto (2019). The World Disorder. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03204-3. ISBN 978-3-030-03203-6. S2CID 239319086.
  6. ^ Mandel, David (2016-01-02). "The conflict in Ukraine". Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe. 24 (1): 83–88. doi:10.1080/0965156X.2016.1171011. ISSN 2573-9638. S2CID 156126251.
  7. ^ Cohen, Stephen F. (2018-01-03). "Four Years of Ukraine and the Myths of Maidan". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  8. ^ Matlock, Jack (2022). "Ukraine: Tragedy of a Nation Divided" (PDF). Krasno Analysis. On February 20, 2014, demonstrations in Kyiv, which up to then had been largely peaceful, turned violent even though a compromise agreement had been reached to hold early elections. Many demonstrators were shot by sniper fire and President Yanukovich fled the country. Demonstration leaders claimed that the government's security force, the Berkut, was responsible for initiating the shooting, but subsequent trials failed to substantiate this. In fact, most of the sniper fire came from buildings controlled by the demonstrators.1 See Ivan Katchanovski, "The Maidan Massacre in Ukraine: Revelations from Trials and Investigations," NYU Jordan Center News.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference :92 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ "A US-Backed, Far Right–Led Revolution in Ukraine Helped Bring Us to the Brink of War". jacobin.com. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  11. ^ Larsen, Poul Funder (2018-02-21). "Historisk massedrab i europæisk hovedstad er omgærdet af mystik". Jyllands-Posten (in Danish). Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  12. ^ Taras Kuzio (2017-04-11). "Umland needs a more balanced approach". New Eastern Europe. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  13. ^ Kuzio, Taras (2019-01-29). "Ukraine "experts" in the West and Putin's military aggression: a new academic "orientalism"?". Головна сторінка eKMAIR (in Latin). Retrieved 2022-06-19. ([pdf https://www.cicerofoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Kuzio_Western_Experts_on_Russian_Aggression_Ukraine.pdf])
  14. ^ Serhiy Kvit (2019-06-13). "Ukraine in the struggle for independence in the age of post-truth". KyivPost. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  15. ^ "What Really Happened in Ukraine in 2014—and Since Then". The Bulwark. 2022-04-13. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  16. ^ Echols, William; Yarst, Nik (2019-07-15). "Vladimir Putin Speaks with Oliver Stone: New Interview - Old False Claims". Polygraph.info. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  17. ^ Ishchenko, Volodymyr (2016-10-01). "Far right participation in the Ukrainian Maidan protests: an attempt of systematic estimation". European Politics and Society. 17 (4): 453–472. doi:10.1080/23745118.2016.1154646. ISSN 2374-5118. S2CID 156830359.
  18. ^ Sakwa, Richard (2014-12-18). Frontline Ukraine: Crisis in the Borderlands. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85773-804-2.
  19. ^ Lane, David (2016-10-01). "The International Context: Russia, Ukraine and the Drift to East-West Confrontation". International Critical Thought. 6 (4): 623–644. doi:10.1080/21598282.2016.1242084. ISSN 2159-8282. S2CID 157373994.
  20. ^ Moniz Bandeira, Luiz Alberto (2019). The World Disorder. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03204-3. ISBN 978-3-030-03203-6. S2CID 239319086.
  21. ^ Mandel, David (2016-01-02). "The conflict in Ukraine". Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe. 24 (1): 83–88. doi:10.1080/0965156X.2016.1171011. ISSN 2573-9638. S2CID 156126251.
  22. ^ Cohen, Stephen F. (2018-01-03). "Four Years of Ukraine and the Myths of Maidan". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  23. ^ Matlock, Jack (2022). "Ukraine: Tragedy of a Nation Divided" (PDF). Krasno Analysis. On February 20, 2014, demonstrations in Kyiv, which up to then had been largely peaceful, turned violent even though a compromise agreement had been reached to hold early elections. Many demonstrators were shot by sniper fire and President Yanukovich fled the country. Demonstration leaders claimed that the government's security force, the Berkut, was responsible for initiating the shooting, but subsequent trials failed to substantiate this. In fact, most of the sniper fire came from buildings controlled by the demonstrators.1 See Ivan Katchanovski, "The Maidan Massacre in Ukraine: Revelations from Trials and Investigations," NYU Jordan Center News.
  24. ^ Golinkin, Lev (2016-02-18). "The Heartbreaking Irony of 'Winter on Fire'". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  25. ^ "A US-Backed, Far Right–Led Revolution in Ukraine Helped Bring Us to the Brink of War". jacobin.com. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  26. ^ Larsen, Poul Funder (2018-02-21). "Historisk massedrab i europæisk hovedstad er omgærdet af mystik". Jyllands-Posten (in Danish). Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  27. ^ Taras Kuzio (2017-04-11). "Umland needs a more balanced approach". New Eastern Europe. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  28. ^ Kuzio, Taras (2019-01-29). "Ukraine "experts" in the West and Putin's military aggression: a new academic "orientalism"?". Головна сторінка eKMAIR (in Latin). Retrieved 2022-06-19. ([pdf https://www.cicerofoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Kuzio_Western_Experts_on_Russian_Aggression_Ukraine.pdf])
  29. ^ Serhiy Kvit (2019-06-13). "Ukraine in the struggle for independence in the age of post-truth". KyivPost. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  30. ^ "What Really Happened in Ukraine in 2014—and Since Then". The Bulwark. 2022-04-13. Retrieved 2022-06-19.

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Cite error: A list-defined reference named "OHCHR_UN_HR_in_UA" is not used in the content (see the help page).

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Euromaidan massacre[edit]

This continues the discussion at Talk:Ivan_Katchanovski#Snipers' Massacre.

In the article we say Thousands of protesters advanced towards parliament … and were fired on by police snipers. The same sentence also appears in Euromaidan. However, the 2015 report of the International Advisory Panel on its review of the Maidan Investigations says that

According to the PGO [Prosecutor General’s Office]… none of the bullets found at the crime scenes or extracted from the bodies of the victims pointed to the person as having been killed or injured by sniper fire

Then in this article we have the Speculation on snipers section, which is completely incomprehensible, overly complicated and full of details, and is based exclusively on news reports published in the immediate aftermath of the events. On the Euromaidan article the situation is identical: we have the Snipers deployed during the climax of the protests, which, if possible, is even more complicated and less comprehensible. Probably the right thing to do would be to blown it up and start over, using the best available secondary sources. Here below you will find some sources in chronological order

Euromaidan massacre. Sources (feel free to add)
  • 2015 report of the International Advisory Panel on its review of the Maidan Investigations

    According to the PGO [Prosecutor General’s Office] … none of the bullets found at the crime scenes or extracted from the bodies of the victims pointed to the person as having been killed or injured by sniper fire ... the investigation into that incident [shootings on 20 February] demonstrates serious instances of a lack of co-operation and obstructiveness that appear to have been symptomatic of the difficulties encountered by the PGO in investigating wrong-doing by law enforcement officers ... The investigation of Berkut officers ... is illustrative of a lack of co-operation and obstruction by the MoI which seriously impeded progress in this key investigation ... the serious investigative deficiencies identified in this Report have undermined the authorities’ ability to establish the circumstances of the Maidan-related crimes and to identify those responsible

  • Yekelchyk, Serhy (2015). The conflict in Ukraine. New York, NY. ISBN 978-0-19-023728-8. OCLC 911498323.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

    Most of the deaths occurred on February 20, during fighting on the streets leading from the Maidan uphill to the government quarter. Whether or not government forces received an authorization to shoot, they definitely fired upon protesters, and in some cases the latter returned fire ... those seeking to present the EuroMaidan Revolution as a Western plot had to clutch at the most far-fetched conspiracy theories. The controversial American filmmaker Oliver Stone, for example, has advocated a theory emanating from the Yanukovych circle that “third-party” shooters were allegedly operating on the Maidan, killing both protesters and police in order to force a regime change. This theory insinuates that “CIA fingerprints” were all over the EuroMaidan.12 An opposing conspiracy theory has also been advanced by some in Ukraine, namely that the mysterious snipers belonged to the Russian special forces, who were attempting to provoke a violent crackdown on the protests. In fact, bullets recovered from the bodies came from various types of firearms, mostly standard police or military issue

  • Sakwa, Richard (2016). Frontline Ukraine : crisis in the borderlands. London. ISBN 978-1-78453-527-8. OCLC 941070392.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

    The angle of some of the shots suggests that they came from buildings occupied by the insur­gents ... Surprisingly, Right Sector activists escaped mostly unharmed, even though they were actively involved in the fighting. The Maidan doctor Olga Bogomolets is reported to have suggested that the same type of bullets that killed the protesters also killed the police ... The long-promised independent inquiry into the sniper shootings of 20 February, in which 50 people were killed, has still not been reported, allowing conspiracy theories to flourish. The initial assumption was that the shooting came from Yanukovych’s forces, but in a leaked phone call of 26 February between the Estonian foreign minister Urmas Paet (who had visited the Maidan on 25 February) and Catherine Ashton, which emerged on 5 March, he told her that ‘there is now stronger and stronger under­standing that behind the snipers, it was not Yanukovych, but it was somebody from the new coalition’ ... A German public television (ARD) investigation into who killed the ‘heavenly hundred’ on 20 February came to similar conclusions on both counts. It reported on 10 April that shots appear to have come also from the Ukraine Hotel, to which only the insurgents had access, thus shooting demonstrators from behind.19 Aired on the main German channel, the report noted that six weeks after the events, no attempt had been made to get to the bottom of things, and instead the interim Ukrainian prosecutor general, Oleg Makhnitsky (a member of Svoboda), simply asserted that Yanukovych was to blame, while the interior minister Arsen Avakov claimed that Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) agents were directly involved in the killing. A recent scholarly analysis by Ivan Katchanovski comes to the opposite conclusion: Analysis of a large amount of evidence in this study suggests that certain elements of the Maidan opposition, including its extremist far right wing, were involved in this massacre in order to seize power and that the government investigation was falsified for this reason

  • New York Times 2018. A forensic investigation hosted by the The Center for Human Rights Science at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh [2] and conducted by SITU (an architecture firm and research lab in Brooklyn) and independent Ukrainian researchers claims that Berkut officers can be seen aiming and firing their rifles during the moments leading to the victims' deaths
  • D'Anieri, Paul J. (2019). Ukraine and Russia : from civilized divorce to uncivil war. Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-1-108-48609-5. OCLC 1097455586.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

    There is considerable speculation concerning who was shooting at whom on February 20. There have been allegations that a “third force” was shooting at both sides, trying to spur on the conflict, from high in the Hotel Ukraina, overlooking Instytutska Street and the Maidan. Some point to Georgians, some to Ukrainians, and some to Russians. The chaos of the day and the intense efforts at disinformation that have ensued have made it impossible to disconfirm these theories. The most sophisticated effort to address the issue, carried out at Carnegie Mellon University, found conclusively that at least some of the protestors on Instytutska Street were killed by Berkut forces on the ground

References


War crimes committed by civilians[edit]

On war crimes committed by civilians: references
  • "Special attention should be paid to crimes committed by civilians against other civilians. They may constitute war crimes, provided there is a link or connection between the offence and the armed conflict." Cassese, Antonio (2003). International criminal law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 49. ISBN 0-19-925911-9. OCLC 51001211.
  • "Anyone can be a perpetrator of a war crime, not only soldiers and other persons in official duties, but also civilians. This already follows from the wording of the Common Articles 49/50/129/146 GC I-IV, according to which the member states are obliged to impose penal sanction upon ‘persons’ who commit grave breaches" Ambos, Kai (2013–2016). Treatise on international criminal law. Oxford, United Kingdom. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-19-965792-6. OCLC 810946816.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • "Not all crimes committed during an armed conflict constitute war crimes. It is widely held in the case law and legal literature, that in order to qualify as a war crime, the criminal conduct must be closely related to the hostilities, ie it must have a ‘nexus’ with the armed conflict. The nexus between the criminal conduct and the armed conflict is also demanded by the Elements of Crimes of the ICC, for each war crime listed in Article 8 of the Rome Statute. The requirement of such a nexus clearly serves to distinguish between war crimes and ‘ordinary’ criminal conduct that falls under the law applicable in the relevant territory. It applies in particular to offences committed by civilians against other civilians or against combatants" Clapham, Andrew; Gaeta, Paola (2014). The Oxford handbook of international law in armed conflict. Oxford, United Kingdom. p. 750. ISBN 978-0-19-955969-5. OCLC 869726495.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • "Moreover, the restriction of war crimes to the particular status of individuals seems to be inconsistent with the wordings of the common Arts 49/50/129/146 of the four Geneva Conventions (1949) requiring the Member States to prosecute and punish all ‘persons’ who commit grave breaches (Ambos [2014] 146). Accordingly, the Elements of Crimes of the ICC Statute do not provide an explicit note for the category of perpetrators as there was no dissent during the negotiations at the Rome Conference that war crimes can be committed by both members of armed forces and civilians"Schwarz, Alexander (2014). "War Crimes". Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Oxford University Press.

Transwoman[edit]

Transwoman. A person assigned male at birth who identifies as a woman or in similar terms" is the most authoritative and common definition,[1][2][3][4] and departing from it requires some justification.

Transwoman. References[edit]

  1. ^ Winter, Sam; Diamond, Milton; Green, Jamison; Karasic, Dan; Reed, Terry; Whittle, Stephen; Wylie, Kevan (July 23, 2016). "Transgender people: health at the margins of society". The Lancet. 388 (10042): 390–400. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00683-8. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 27323925.
  2. ^ Erasmus, Jaco (2021-03-11). "Gender Dysphoria in Men". Comprehensive Men's Mental Health. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108646765.008.
  3. ^ Knudson, Gail (2020). "Language and Terminology in Transgender Health". Gender Confirmation Surgery. Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29093-1_4. ISBN 978-3-030-29092-4.
  4. ^ ""Torture chamber," mass grave found in Kherson, Ukraine after Russia's retreat". CBS News. Retrieved 2022-11-25.


Language policy in Ukraine[edit]

Language policy in Ukraine[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Language policy in Ukraine. References[edit]

  1. ^ Ogarkova, Tetyana (12 March 2018). "The Truth Behind Ukraine's Language Policy". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  2. ^ "Ukraine: Legislature Adopts Language Law". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
  3. ^ "The Constitutional Court of Ukraine, "Threat to the Ukrainian Language is Equal to Threat to the National Security of Ukraine" | Constitutional Court of Ukraine". ccu.gov.ua. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
  4. ^ Matviyishyn, Iryna (25 June 2020). "How Russia weaponizes the language issue in Ukraine". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  5. ^ Suny, Ronald. "A historian corrects misunderstandings about Ukrainian and Russian history | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-03-30.
  6. ^ Bilaniuk, Laada; Melnyk, Svitlana (2008-07-01). "A Tense and Shifting Balance: Bilingualism and Education in Ukraine". International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 11 (3–4): 340–372. doi:10.1080/13670050802148731. ISSN 1367-0050.
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