User:Haldred2/Tympanostomy tube/Bibliography

You will be compiling your bibliography and creating an outline of the changes you will make in this sandbox.

Bibliography

As you gather the sources for your Wikipedia contribution, think about the following:

Is the source from a reliable publication?
- Reliable publications include established newspapers, academic journals and books, textbooks, and other published sources with reputations for accuracy and fact-checking.
- Unreliable sources include blog posts and other self-published works, press releases, and social media posts.
Is the source verifiable?
- In order for a source to be considered verifiable, other editors should be able to consult the source.
Is the source independent of the subject?
- Is the source connected in any way to the subject? This is especially important when writing biographies or about organizations.
- For example, if you were writing a biography, sources like the person's webpage or personal blog would not be considered independent.
Is the source primary or secondary?
- Primary sources include first-hand accounts, autobiographies, and other original content.
- Wikipedia allows limited use of primary sources, but typically only for straightforward, descriptive statements of facts, and only if they are published and verifiable without requiring specialized knowledge.
- Secondary sources should be the main basis for a biography on Wikipedia.
If you're working on a topic related to medicine or psychology, ensure that your sources follow these special guidelines.
If you're creating a new article, consider the following:
- Ensure that your topic meets Wikipedia's notability guidelines.
- In order for a topic to meet the notability requirement, you must be able to identify 2-3 sources that are reliable, verifiable, and independent of the subject you're writing about.
- Finding sufficient sources to establish notability can be especially hard when writing about people or organizations.
- Sources that are not independent of the subject might be useful additions, but don't count towards the notability requirement.
- Wikipedia has developed special guidelines for writing about living persons. Please follow these carefully.
- Wikipedia has a series of guidelines for writing about different categories of people, such as academics and artists. If you're trying to create a new entry about a living person, please look at these carefully.

If you're not sure whether a source is reliable, ask a librarian! If you have questions about Wikipedia's sourcing rules, you can use the Get Help button below to contact your Wikipedia Expert.

Get Help

Bibliography[edit]

Edit this section to compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment. Add the name and/or notes about what each source covers, then use the "Cite" button to generate the citation for that source.

Sources already on Wikipedia page
- Original Source 1 ^[1]
  - Published 2016; most recent
    - Up to 25-75% of children can have discharge after tubes placed
      - Means they have middle ear infection, study compared OAbx, AbxDrops, AbxDrops w/ corticosteroids, observation
      - Antibiotic ear drops were the most beneficial across studies and the recommendation
- Original Source 2 & Source 4 ^[2] (same source was cited 2x on original article)
  - Original was published in 2013, most recent in Feb 2022. Updated citation to match current article.
    - Guidelines in article:
      - Physicians should only use Topical Abx
      - F/U within 3 months of insertion, periodic f/u until they fall out
      - Should not get tubes w/ 1 episode of OME <3mo duration
      - Should get hearing eval if OME>3mo or before surgery for tubes
      - Bilat. tubes for bilat. OME>3mo & hearing difficulties
      - Kiddos with chronic OME need f/u if they don't get tubes q3-6m
      - Tube(s) should only be placed if kiddo is having an active OME
      - Should use short-term tube unless there is an absolutely important reason for chronic aeration of middle ear
      - Should NOT give eardrops for fun, only if they get an episode after insertion
      - Should NOT encourage water precautions. Let them swim!
- Original Source 3 ^[3]
  - AAP article, has list of causes of OME, FIND A BETTER ARTICLE FOR THIS, preferably a more accessible site than AAP
    - Eusthasian tube dysfunction also listed
    - More side effects of tubes listed as well
      - Anesthesia, costs of surgery, Myringosclerosis, chronic perforation, cholestoma, otorrhea
    - Short term tubes less likely than long term tubes for perforation
- ~~Original Source 4 - merged with source 2~~
- Original Source 5 ^[4]
  - 2013, most current version of article
    - Surgical prevention of discharge
      - Washing out with saline; Single use of abx at time of surgery; long-term use of abx drops (only if necessary)
      - Otorrhea range 3-75%; can block the tube and make it ineffective
        Fever, discharge, pain
      - What makes ppl at high risk of discharge? (need another source)
- Original Source 6 ^[5]
  - 2018, most current version of article
  - Defines chronic OME (>3 episodes/6mo OR >4episodes/12mo)
    - Tubes have benefits to observation
      - Less recurrance
      - Complications:
        Persistent Perforation --> conductive hearing loss
        
        Misplaced into middle ear
        
        Otorrhea
        
        Myringosclerosis (scarring of tympanic membrane)
        
        Mild hearing loss
    - Touches on indications
      - Recurrent OME
      - Have to have a current infection @ time of surgery
- ~~Original Source 7 --> "Glue ear"~~ not a credible/applicable source --> Removed
  - Source was used to discuss how grommets works
- Source 8 ^[6]
  - No water precautions

New Sources/Updated Sources:
- Updated Source 1^[1] "Intervention for d/c 2wk after insertion"
  - Has been updated to the 2016 version
    - Long term consequences of OME & ear Abx
- Updated Source 2^[2] "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Tubes"*
  - Has been updated to the 2022 version, merger of sources 2 & 4 on the original page
    - A BULK of the information in the article
    - Lots of juicy guidelines
- Repeat Source 3 "AAP - Dx and Thx for AOM"*
  - Has current pediatric guidelines (? Up to date ?)
  - Adverse Effects
    - Tympanosclerosis^[7]
    - Retraction Pockets
    - Chronic Perforation (worse with long term tubes v short term tubes)
    - Focal atrophy
      - TO BE COMPLETED, FIND SOURCE ABOUT ALL INDICATIONS FOR T TUBES
- Repeat Source 4^[4] "How to handle post-op d/c"
- Repeat Source 5 ^[5] "Tubes for chronic OME"*
  - 2018 is the most current version
    - Defines chronic OME, Tubes are good, side effects, some indications
- Repeat Source 6^[6] "Water precautions w/ tubes"
  - 2016 is the most current version
    - Don't worry about water precautions, earplugs not necessary with tubes
- New Source 7^[8]
  - New source - 2016
    - Meta-analysis concluded that oral Abx for OME does not lead to lower rates of T tubes.
- New Source 8^[9] "Complications from tubes"*
  - New Source - 2010
    - More on complications of tubes
      - Myringosclerosis
      - Cholestoma
      - Chronic perf, etc
- New Source 9^[10] "T-Tube"
  - Lots of info on how it works/indications/contraindications
  - Supports statements of all other texts.
  - How Grommets actually work/why they work
- New Sourced 10
  - Discusses the different shapes of the T-tubes
  - Really good information about what the tubes are made of and how long/short term vary
- Sources I need:
  - Hx of Grommets/why we use plastic not metal
  - Why do we use plastic no longer metal (possibly in hx)
  - Need Source on long-term effects of tubes (*some sources have already covered this tho, may be good)
- New Source ^[11]
  - MedLine - about the actual procedure
- New Source to read --> ^[12]

Examples:

Luke, Learie. 2007. Identity and secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889–1980 Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press.
- This is a book published by a university press, so it should be a reliable source. It also covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (2013-11-08). "Sabinaria , a new genus of palms (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from the Colombia-Panama border". Phytotaxa.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source. It covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source for a specific fact. Since it only dedicates a few sentences to the topic, it can't be used to establish notability.

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Venekamp, Roderick P; Javed, Faisal; van Dongen, Thijs MA; Waddell, Angus; Schilder, Anne GM (2016-11-17). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Interventions for children with ear discharge occurring at least two weeks following grommet (ventilation tube) insertion". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (11). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011684.pub2. PMC 6465056. PMID 27854381.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
^ ^a ^b Rosenfeld, Richard M.; Tunkel, David E.; Schwartz, Seth R.; Anne, Samantha; Bishop, Charles E.; Chelius, Daniel C.; Hackell, Jesse; Hunter, Lisa L.; Keppel, Kristina L.; Kim, Ana H.; Kim, Tae W.; Levine, Jack M.; Maksimoski, Matthew T.; Moore, Denee J.; Preciado, Diego A. (2022-02). "Clinical Practice Guideline: Tympanostomy Tubes in Children (Update)". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 166 (S1). doi:10.1177/01945998211065662. ISSN 0194-5998. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ publications.aap.org. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3488 https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/131/3/e964/30912/The-Diagnosis-and-Management-of-Acute-Otitis-Media?autologincheck=redirected. Retrieved 2024-02-06. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ ^a ^b Syed, Mohammed Iqbal; Suller, Sharon; Browning, George G; Akeroyd, Michael A (2013-04-30). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Interventions for the prevention of postoperative ear discharge after insertion of ventilation tubes (grommets) in children". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008512.pub2.
^ ^a ^b Venekamp, Roderick P; Mick, Paul; Schilder, Anne GM; Nunez, Desmond A (2018-05-09). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (6). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012017.pub2. PMC 6494623. PMID 29741289.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
^ ^a ^b Moualed, Daniel; Masterson, Liam; Kumar, Sanjiv; Donnelly, Neil (2016-01-27). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Water precautions for prevention of infection in children with ventilation tubes (grommets)". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010375.pub2. PMC 10612140. PMID 26816299.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
^ Nagar, Rashi R; Deshmukh, Prasad T (2022-10-11). "An Overview of the Tympanostomy Tube". Cureus. doi:10.7759/cureus.30166. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 9647717. PMID 36397911.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Venekamp, Roderick P; Burton, Martin J; van Dongen, Thijs MA; van der Heijden, Geert J; van Zon, Alice; Schilder, Anne GM (2016-06-12). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion in children". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (6). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009163.pub3. PMC 7117560. PMID 27290722.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
^ Yaman, Huseyin; Yilmaz, Suleyman; Alkan, Nihal; Subasi, Bugra; Guclu, Ender; Ozturk, Ozcan (2010-08). "Shepard grommet tympanostomy tube complications in children with chronic otitis media with effusion". European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology: official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 267 (8): 1221–1224. doi:10.1007/s00405-010-1220-4. ISSN 1434-4726. PMID 20204390. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Spaw, Mark; Camacho, Macario (2024), "Tympanostomy Tube", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 33351417, retrieved 2024-02-06
^ "Ear tube insertion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
^ Rimmer, J.; Giddings, C. E. B.; Weir, N. (2007-10). "History of myringotomy and grommets". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 121 (10): 911–916. doi:10.1017/S0022215107009176. ISSN 1748-5460. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

Outline of proposed changes[edit]

Click on the edit button to draft your outline.

Lead: Would like to shorten the lead some, moving some of the content to the subcategories.

Medical Uses: Would move the mechanism of action to this section (? maybe ?) and to concisely list the indications. Also discuss when to do long-term tubes vs. short term tubes and how long they last. Current picture of the long-term tube is granular and has a weird caption. Likely remove this to have a better picture of a long-term tube

Procedure: Would like to remove some of the information that's not super relevant and neutral. The part where it talks about a child being quiet isn't necessary imo I want to move this section up below uses before adverse effects because it makes more sense to be here. Outcomes can land here ig? Would be nice to add an otoscope image of a grommet to this section (maybe a long-term tube too??? to show how they both look?).

Adverse Effects: Would like to list adverse effects similar to medical uses, otorrhea is the biggest so 100% want to touch on that here and the use of Abx drops vs oral Abx.

~~Outcome:~~ Would include this information in the preceding sections. This isn't a necessary part can easily be added to the procedure and adverse effects

History: Would like to make a section on the history of T-Tubes. When we first started using them and how they've evolved overtime.

Now that you have compiled a bibliography, it's time to plan out how you'll improve your assigned article.

In this section, write up a concise outline of how the sources you've identified will add relevant information to your chosen article. Be sure to discuss what content gap your additions tackle and how these additions will improve the article's quality.

Consider other changes you'll make to the article, including possible deletions of irrelevant, outdated, or incorrect information, restructuring of the article to improve its readability or any other change you plan on making. This is your chance to really think about how your proposed additions will improve your chosen article and to vet your sources even further.

Note: This is not a draft. This is an outline/plan where you can think about how the sources you've identified will fill in a content gap.

Get Help

[:0-1] Venekamp, Roderick P; Javed, Faisal; van Dongen, Thijs MA; Waddell, Angus; Schilder, Anne GM (2016-11-17). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Interventions for children with ear discharge occurring at least two weeks following grommet (ventilation tube) insertion". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (11). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011684.pub2. PMC 6465056. PMID 27854381.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

[:1-2] Rosenfeld, Richard M.; Tunkel, David E.; Schwartz, Seth R.; Anne, Samantha; Bishop, Charles E.; Chelius, Daniel C.; Hackell, Jesse; Hunter, Lisa L.; Keppel, Kristina L.; Kim, Ana H.; Kim, Tae W.; Levine, Jack M.; Maksimoski, Matthew T.; Moore, Denee J.; Preciado, Diego A. (2022-02). "Clinical Practice Guideline: Tympanostomy Tubes in Children (Update)". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 166 (S1). doi:10.1177/01945998211065662. ISSN 0194-5998. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[3] publications.aap.org. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3488 https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/131/3/e964/30912/The-Diagnosis-and-Management-of-Acute-Otitis-Media?autologincheck=redirected. Retrieved 2024-02-06. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[:2-4] Syed, Mohammed Iqbal; Suller, Sharon; Browning, George G; Akeroyd, Michael A (2013-04-30). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Interventions for the prevention of postoperative ear discharge after insertion of ventilation tubes (grommets) in children". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008512.pub2.

[:3-5] Venekamp, Roderick P; Mick, Paul; Schilder, Anne GM; Nunez, Desmond A (2018-05-09). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (6). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012017.pub2. PMC 6494623. PMID 29741289.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

[:4-6] Moualed, Daniel; Masterson, Liam; Kumar, Sanjiv; Donnelly, Neil (2016-01-27). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Water precautions for prevention of infection in children with ventilation tubes (grommets)". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010375.pub2. PMC 10612140. PMID 26816299.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

[7] Nagar, Rashi R; Deshmukh, Prasad T (2022-10-11). "An Overview of the Tympanostomy Tube". Cureus. doi:10.7759/cureus.30166. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 9647717. PMID 36397911.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[8] Venekamp, Roderick P; Burton, Martin J; van Dongen, Thijs MA; van der Heijden, Geert J; van Zon, Alice; Schilder, Anne GM (2016-06-12). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion in children". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (6). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009163.pub3. PMC 7117560. PMID 27290722.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

[9] Yaman, Huseyin; Yilmaz, Suleyman; Alkan, Nihal; Subasi, Bugra; Guclu, Ender; Ozturk, Ozcan (2010-08). "Shepard grommet tympanostomy tube complications in children with chronic otitis media with effusion". European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology: official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 267 (8): 1221–1224. doi:10.1007/s00405-010-1220-4. ISSN 1434-4726. PMID 20204390. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[10] Spaw, Mark; Camacho, Macario (2024), "Tympanostomy Tube", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 33351417, retrieved 2024-02-06

[11] "Ear tube insertion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2024-02-14.

[12] Rimmer, J.; Giddings, C. E. B.; Weir, N. (2007-10). "History of myringotomy and grommets". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 121 (10): 911–916. doi:10.1017/S0022215107009176. ISSN 1748-5460. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]